FreeBSD Porter 手冊 | FreeBSD Documentation Portal

# FreeBSD Porter 手冊

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Copyright © 2000-2020 The FreeBSD Documentation Project
註冊商標

FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD 基金會的註冊商標。

Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS 以及 VirtualBox 是 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。

Motif, OSF/1 以及 UNIX 是 The Open Group 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標； IT DialTone 和 The Open Group 是其商標。

許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商標的圖案或文字設計來區別自己的產品。 本文件中出現的眾多商標，以及 FreeBSD Project 本身廣所人知的商標，後面將以 “™” 或 “®” 符號來標示。

## Chapter 1. 楔子

幾乎每個 FreeBSD 愛用者都是透過 FreeBSD Ports Collection 來裝各式應用程式("ports")。如同 FreeBSD 的其他部分一樣， 這些 ports 都主要來自許多志工的努力成果，所以在閱讀這份文件時， 請務必感恩在心。

在 FreeBSD 上面，每個人都可以提交新的 port， 或假如該 port 並沒有人維護的話，可以自願維護 —— 這點並不需要任何 commit 的權限，就可以來做這件事情。

## Chapter 2. 製作新的 Port

開始對製作新的 port 或更新現有 port 有一些興趣了嗎？太好囉！

下面將介紹一些建立 port 時該注意的事項。如果是想升級現有的 port ，那麼也請參閱 Upgrading a Port 說明。

因為這份文件可能講得不是十分詳細，可能需要參考 /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk 這檔是所有 port 的 Makefile 檔都會用到的。就算你不是每天不斷 hacking Makefile，也可以也可以從中獲得很多相關知識。 此外，若有其他特定 port 的問題，也可以到 FreeBSD ports mailing list 來獲得答案。

| 本文內所提及的環境變數 (`VAR`)部份， 只有一些可以替換(overridden)。大部份的環境變數(非全部)通常都會寫在 /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk 內，其他的也是差不多。 請注意：該檔並非使用一般的 tab 設定值，而是採用 1 個 tab 等於 4 個 space。 Emacs 與 Vim 應該都會在載入該檔時順便讀取相關設定值。 vi(1) 及 ex(1) 這兩個程式也都可以打 `:set tabstop=4` 以修改設定值。

想要找簡單的開始上手嗎？ 到 請求協助的 ports 清單 瞧瞧，看看是否有你可以幫上忙的。

## Chapter 3. 打造 Port 快速上手篇

本節主要介紹如何來快速打造 port，然而實際應用時這快速方法可能不足，完整的 "慢速打造 Port" 的步驟在 Slow Porting 詳述。

首先取得該應用程式的原始程式碼壓縮檔(tarball)，並把它放到 `DISTDIR`，預設路徑應該是 /usr/ports/distfiles.

| 這些步驟假設軟體可以直接編譯。也就是不需要任何修改就可以直接在 FreeBSD 上執行。如果需要修改，請參見Slow Porting。

| 在 porting 之前，建議在 /etc/make.conf 設定 `DEVELOPER` make(1) 變數。
    # echo DEVELOPER=yes >> /etc/make.conf
這個設定開啟了 "developer mode" ，顯示已棄用警告並在使用 `make` 時檢查品質。

### 3.1. 編寫 Makefile

最簡單的 Makefile 大概是像這樣：

    # $FreeBSD: head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/porters-handbook/book.xml 48496 2016-03-29 01:37:53Z kevlo $

    PORTNAME=	oneko
    PORTVERSION=	1.1b
    CATEGORIES=	games
    MASTER_SITES=	ftp://ftp.cs.columbia.edu/archives/X11R5/contrib/

    MAINTAINER=	youremail@example.com
    COMMENT=	Cat chasing a mouse all over the screen

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

嘗試了解此檔案，有關這點的細節部份，可以參閱 sample Makefile 章節。

### 3.2. 撰寫說明檔

無論是否打算再加工做成 package，有兩個檔案是任何 port 都必須要具備的。 這兩個檔分別是 pkg-descr 及 pkg-plist 。 他們檔名前面都有 pkg- 以跟其他檔案做區別。

#### 3.2.1. pkg-descr

這是此 port 的詳細說明檔，請用一段或幾段文字來說明該 port 的作用

| 請注意，這檔_絕非_「該軟體的說明手冊」或是「如何編譯、使用該 port 的說明」！ 若是從該軟體的 README 或 manpage 直接複製過來的話，請注意。他們常常不是正確的 port 描述或是格式並不適合。例如，manpage會對齊空白，這用monospace字型來看會特別糟糕。 另一方面， pkg-descr 的內容必須比 COMMENT line from the Makefile 還要詳細，要能詳細解釋此 port 相關的內容。

一個良好的 pkg-descr 可以讓使用者清楚的了解軟體的功能而無須查詢文件或者訪問網站，提及特定的需求像是圖形工具、依賴、執行的環境跟實作的語言，能大大的幫助使用者了解這個 port 是怎麼運作的。

| 過去在 pkg-descr 文件最後一行引入的 URL 已經移到 Makefile 裡面了。

#### 3.2.2. pkg-plist

這是該 port 所會裝的所有檔案清單，另外因為 package 會由這清單所產生，因此也被稱為『"packing list (打包清單)"』。路徑是相對於安裝的 prefix (通常是 /usr/local )。

這是一個簡單的例子：

    bin/oneko
    man/man1/oneko.1.gz
    lib/X11/app-defaults/Oneko
    lib/X11/oneko/cat1.xpm
    lib/X11/oneko/cat2.xpm
    lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm

關於 packing list 方面，可以詳閱 pkg-create(8) manual page 。

| 建議清單內的檔名，依照字母順序作排序，那麼下次要升級時， 會比較清楚、方便來更新這份清單。

| 手動產生這份清單實在太苦了。尤其若該 port 會裝一大堆檔案的話， 請多善用 自動產生 packing list 會比較省時省力唷。

只有在一種情況下可以省略 pkg-plist 檔： 若安裝的 port 相當單純，只有裝一些檔案，那麼可以在 Makefile 內改用 `PLIST_FILES` 來取代。 比如，可以在上述的 oneko port 內不必附上 pkg-plist ，而只需在 Makefile 內加入下列幾行：

    PLIST_FILES=	bin/oneko \
    		man/man1/oneko.1.gz \
    		lib/X11/app-defaults/Oneko \
    		lib/X11/oneko/cat1.xpm \
    		lib/X11/oneko/cat2.xpm \
    		lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm

| `PLIST_FILES` 的使用不應該被濫用，人們通常透過在 ports tree 的 pkg-plist 文件來了解 port ，在 Makefile 中使用 `PLIST_FILES` 敘述會增加搜尋的難度。

| 如果 port 需要創建空的目錄，或者安裝時在 ${PREFIX} 之外創建目錄，請參考 Cleaning Up Empty Directories 來獲得更多資訊。

| 因為 `PLIST_FILES` 是 make(1) 的變數，任何在此條目的 sapce 都必須被引入。舉例來說，如果使用 pkg-create(8) 和 Expanding Package List with Keywords 描述的關鍵字，以下的條目必須被引入。
    PLIST_FILES=	"@sample ${ETCDIR}/oneko.conf.sample"

後面會介紹到如何運用 pkg-plist、 `PLIST_FILES` 這些技巧以因應更複雜的狀況。

### 3.3. 產生 checksum 檔

只要打 `make makesum` 就好了， 接下來就會自動產生相對應的 distinfo 檔了唷 。

### 3.4. 測試 Port

接下來，必須檢驗是否有符合 port 的遊戲規則，包括打包該 port 為 package。 以下有幾個需要確認的重要地方：

- 若該 port 沒裝的東西，不要列在 pkg-plist 內。

- 若該 port 有裝的東西，請務必列在 pkg-plist 內。

- port 可以透過 `install` 來安裝，這可以確保安裝的 script 是正常運作的。

- port 可以透過 `uninstall` 來移除，這可以確保安裝的 script 是正常運作的。

- port 只有在 `featch` 目標時才能使用網路，這對 package builders 很重要，像是 ports-mgmt/poudriere.

- 確保 `make package` 可以被一般使用者執行 (也就是說，非 `root` 使用者)，如果上述執行失敗，軟體很可能需要修改，請參考 `fakeroot` 和 `uidfix`。

Procedure: 建議的測試順序

1. `make stage`

2. `make check-orphans`

3. `make package`

4. `make install`

5. `make deinstall`

6. `pkg add package-filename`

7. `make package` (as user)

確認在任何階段都沒有任何警告出現。

可以透過 ports-mgmt/tinderbox 或者 Ports Collection 的 ports-mgmt/poudriere 工具來完成自動化測試，參考 Poudriere 獲得更多的資訊。她維護 `jails` ，可以在不影響系統的情況下執行上述所有的測試。

### 3.5. 以 `portlint` 來作檢查 Port

請用 `portlint` 來檢查該 port 是否有遵循我們的規則。 ports-mgmt/portlint 是 ports collection 的其中一個套件。 它主要可以用來檢驗 Makefile 內容是否正確以及 package 是否有正確命名。

| 不要盲目的相信 `portlint` 的輸出，他是一個 static lint 工具，並且有可能會出錯。

### 3.6. 提交新的 Port

提交新的 Port 前，請閱讀 DOs and DON’Ts 章節。

現在你很高興終於打造出 port 來囉，唯一剩下要做的就是把它正式放到 FreeBSD ports tree 內，才能讓每個人都能分享使用這個 port。

| 我們不需要 work 目錄或是檔名像 pkgname.tgz 的 package ，請現在刪除他們。

下一步，創建一個 patch(1) ，一個文件，假設此 port 叫做 `oneko` 並且屬於 `games` 類別。

例 1. 為新的 Port 創建 .diff

透過 `git add .` 加入所有的檔案，然後透過 `git diff` 來檢查不同處，如下。

    % git add .
    % git diff --staged

確保所有需要的檔案都被引入了，將更改提交到你本地分支並使用 `git format-patch` 產生 patch。

    % git commit
    % git format-patch origin/main

使用 `git format-patch` 產生的 patch 會包含作者以及電子郵件，讓其他開發者更容易使用 (with `git am`) 以及給予回饋。

為了讓開發者更容易在他們的 ports tree 使用此 patch ，請基於你的 ports tree 來產生 .diff 。

透過 bug submission form 繳交 oneko.diff 。使用 "Ports & Packages" 產品和 "Individual Port(s)" 組件，然後跟著這裡的教學走，在 PR 的描述欄位 (也許是較短的 `COMMENT` ) 加入簡短的敘述，並且記得在附件中加入 oneko.diff 。

| 在問題回報系統中給一個好的總結可以讓 port 開發者更輕鬆的處理此 port ，我們預期的描述形式為 "[NEW PORT] category/portname short description of the port" ，使用此形式能讓我們更快的部屬新的 port 。

送出 port 之後，請耐心等候佳音。 有時候可能需要等個幾天或幾個月時間，才會在 FreeBSD ports tree 上正式出現。 等待中的 port PR 清單可以在 http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?category=ports 查閱。

在搜尋表單中選擇 Open and Ports & Packages 來獲得 open port PRs 的清單。

在看過新的 port 之後，如果需要的話，我們會回覆您，然後會將它提交到 port tree 。 您的大名會被列在 Additional FreeBSD Contributors 列表上，以及其他檔案中。

也可以透過 shar(1) 檔案來提交 port ，請使用之前 `oneko` port 的例子。

例 2. 為新的 Port 創建 .shar

前往 port 所在的目錄，使用 `tar`創建 shar archive:

    % cd ..
    % tar cf oneko.shar --format shar oneko

可以使用跟提交 oneko.diff 一樣的方式來提交 oneko.shar 。

## Chapter 4. Slow Porting

Ok…​事實上並不太可能這麼簡單，port 方面可能需要作些修改才能正常使用。 因此， 本節將一步一步來介紹如何修改上一章的樣本以正常使用。

### 4.1. How Things Work

First, this is the sequence of events which occurs when the user first types `make` in the port’s directory. Having bsd.port.mk in another window while reading this really helps to understand it.

別太擔心，不是很多人都真的了解 bsd.port.mk 在做什麼…​ :-)

1. The `fetch` target is run. The `fetch` target is responsible for making sure that the tarball exists locally in `DISTDIR`. If `fetch` cannot find the required files in `DISTDIR` it will look up the URL `MASTER_SITES`, which is set in the Makefile, as well as our FTP mirrors where we put distfiles as backup. It will then attempt to fetch the named distribution file with `FETCH`, assuming that the requesting site has direct access to the Internet. If that succeeds, it will save the file in `DISTDIR` for future use and proceed.

2. The `extract` target is run. It looks for the port’s distribution file (typically a compressed tarball) in `DISTDIR` and unpacks it into a temporary subdirectory specified by `WRKDIR` (defaults to work).

3. The `patch` target is run. First, any patches defined in `PATCHFILES` are applied. Second, if any patch files named patch-* are found in `PATCHDIR` (defaults to the files subdirectory), they are applied at this time in alphabetical order.

4. The `configure` target is run. This can do any one of many different things.

   1. If it exists, scripts/configure is run.

   2. If `HAS_CONFIGURE` or `GNU_CONFIGURE` is set, WRKSRC/configure is run.

5. The `build` target is run. This is responsible for descending into the port’s private working directory (`WRKSRC`) and building it.

6. The `stage` target is run. This puts the final set of built files into a temporary directory (`STAGEDIR`, see Staging). The hierarchy of this directory mirrors that of the system on which the package will be installed.

7. The `package` target is run. This creates a package using the files from the temporary directory created during the `stage` target and the port’s pkg-plist.

8. The `install` target is run. This installs the package created during the `package` target into the host system.

The above are the default actions. In addition, define targets `pre-something` or `post-something`, or put scripts with those names, in the scripts subdirectory, and they will be run before or after the default actions are done.

For example, if there is a `post-extract` target defined in the Makefile, and a file pre-build in the scripts subdirectory, the `post-extract` target will be called after the regular extraction actions, and pre-build will be executed before the default build rules are done. It is recommended to use Makefile targets if the actions are simple enough, because it will be easier for someone to figure out what kind of non-default action the port requires.

The default actions are done by the `do-something` targets from bsd.port.mk. For example, the commands to extract a port are in the target `do-extract`. If the default target does not do the job right, redefine the `do-something` target in the Makefile.

| The "main" targets (for example, `extract`, `configure`, etc.) do nothing more than make sure all the stages up to that one are completed and call the real targets or scripts, and they are not intended to be changed. To fix the extraction, fix `do-extract`, but never ever change the way `extract` operates! Additionally, the target `post-deinstall` is invalid and is not run by the ports infrastructure.

Now that what goes on when the user types `make install` is better understood, let us go through the recommended steps to create the perfect port.

### 4.2. 取得原始碼

Get the original sources (normally) as a compressed tarball (foo.tar.gz or foo.tar.bz2) and copy it into `DISTDIR`. Always use mainstream sources when and where possible.

Set the variable `MASTER_SITES` to reflect where the original tarball resides. Shorthand definitions exist for most mainstream sites in bsd.sites.mk. Please use these sites-and the associated definitions-if at all possible, to help avoid the problem of having the same information repeated over again many times in the source base. As these sites tend to change over time, this becomes a maintenance nightmare for everyone involved. See MASTER_SITES for details.

If there is no FTP/HTTP site that is well-connected to the net, or can only find sites that have irritatingly non-standard formats, put a copy on a reliable FTP or HTTP server (for example, a home page).

If a convenient and reliable place to put the distfile cannot be found, we can "house" it ourselves on `ftp.FreeBSD.org`; however, this is the least-preferred solution. The distfile must be placed into ~/public_distfiles/ of someone’s `freefall` account. Ask the person who commits the port to do this. This person will also set `MASTER_SITES` to `LOCAL/username` where `username` is their FreeBSD cluster login.

If the port’s distfile changes all the time without any kind of version update by the author, consider putting the distfile on a home page and listing it as the first `MASTER_SITES`. Try to talk the port author out of doing this; it really does help to establish some kind of source code control. Hosting a specific version will prevent users from getting `checksum mismatch` errors, and also reduce the workload of maintainers of our FTP site. Also, if there is only one master site for the port, it is recommended to house a backup on a home page and list it as the second `MASTER_SITES`.

If the port requires additional patches that are available on the Internet, fetch them too and put them in `DISTDIR`. Do not worry if they come from a site other than where the main source tarball comes, we have a way to handle these situations (see the description of PATCHFILES below).

### 4.3. Modifying the Port

Unpack a copy of the tarball in a private directory and make whatever changes are necessary to get the port to compile properly under the current version of FreeBSD. Keep careful track of steps, as they will be needed to automate the process shortly. Everything, including the deletion, addition, or modification of files has to be doable using an automated script or patch file when the port is finished.

If the port requires significant user interaction/customization to compile or install, take a look at one of Larry Wall’s classic Configure scripts and perhaps do something similar. The goal of the new ports collection is to make each port as "plug-and-play" as possible for the end-user while using a minimum of disk space.

| Unless explicitly stated, patch files, scripts, and other files created and contributed to the FreeBSD ports collection are assumed to be covered by the standard BSD copyright conditions.

### 4.4. Patching

In the preparation of the port, files that have been added or changed can be recorded with diff(1) for later feeding to patch(1). Doing this with a typical file involves saving a copy of the original file before making any changes using a .orig suffix.

    % cp file file.orig

After all changes have been made, `cd` back to the port directory. Use `make makepatch` to generate updated patch files in the files directory.

| Use `BINARY_ALIAS` to substitute hardcoded commands during the build and avoid patching build files. See Use BINARY_ALIAS to Rename Commands Instead of Patching the Build for more information.

#### 4.4.1. General Rules for Patching

Patch files are stored in `PATCHDIR`, usually files/, from where they will be automatically applied. All patches must be relative to `WRKSRC`. Typically `WRKSRC` is a subdirectory of `WRKDIR`, the directory where the distfile is extracted. Use `make -V WRKSRC` to see the actual path. The patch names are to follow these rules:

- Avoid having more than one patch modify the same file. For example, having both patch-foobar.c and patch-foobar.c2 making changes to ${WRKSRC}/foobar.c makes them fragile and difficult to debug.

- When creating names for patch files, replace each underscore (`_`) with two underscores (`__`) and each slash (`/`) with one underscore (`_`). For example, to patch a file named src/freeglut_joystick.c, name the corresponding patch patch-src_freeglut__joystick.c. Do not name patches like patch-aa or patch-ab. Always use the path and file name in patch names. Using `make makepatch` automatically generates the correct names.

- A patch may modify multiple files if the changes are related and the patch is named appropriately. For example, patch-add-missing-stdlib.h.

- Only use characters `[-+._a-zA-Z0-9]` for naming patches. In particular, do not use `::` as a path separator, use `_` instead.

Minimize the amount of non-functional whitespace changes in patches. It is common in the Open Source world for projects to share large amounts of a code base, but obey different style and indenting rules. When taking a working piece of functionality from one project to fix similar areas in another, please be careful: the resulting patch may be full of non-functional changes. It not only increases the size of the ports repository but makes it hard to find out what exactly caused the problem and what was changed at all.

If a file must be deleted, do it in the `post-extract` target rather than as part of the patch.

#### 4.4.2. Manual Patch Generation

| Manual patch creation is usually not necessary. Automatic patch generation as described earlier in this section is the preferred method. However, manual patching may be required occasionally.

Patches are saved into files named patch-* where * indicates the pathname of the file that is patched, such as patch-Imakefile or patch-src-config.h.

After the file has been modified, diff(1) is used to record the differences between the original and the modified version. `-u` causes diff(1) to produce "unified" diffs, the preferred form.

    % diff -u file.orig file > patch-pathname-file

When generating patches for new, added files, `-N` is used to tell diff(1) to treat the non-existent original file as if it existed but was empty:

    % diff -u -N newfile.orig newfile > patch-pathname-newfile

Do not add `$FreeBSD$` RCS strings in patches. When patches are added to the Subversion repository with `svn add`, the `fbsd:nokeywords` property is set to `yes` automatically so keywords in the patch are not modified when committed. The property can be added manually with `svn propset fbsd:nokeywords yes files…​`.

Using the recurse (`-r`) option to diff(1) to generate patches is fine, but please look at the resulting patches to make sure there is no unnecessary junk in there. In particular, diffs between two backup files, Makefiles when the port uses `Imake` or GNU `configure`, etc., are unnecessary and have to be deleted. If it was necessary to edit configure.in and run `autoconf` to regenerate `configure`, do not take the diffs of `configure` (it often grows to a few thousand lines!). Instead, define `USES=autoreconf` and take the diffs of configure.in.

#### 4.4.3. Simple Automatic Replacements

Simple replacements can be performed directly from the port Makefile using the in-place mode of sed(1). This is useful when changes use the value of a variable:

    post-patch:
    	@${REINPLACE_CMD} -e 's|/usr/local|${PREFIX}|g' ${WRKSRC}/Makefile

| Only use sed(1) to replace variable content. You must use patch files instead of sed(1) to replace static content.

Quite often, software being ported uses the CR/LF convention in source files. This may cause problems with further patching, compiler warnings, or script execution (like `/bin/sh^M not found`.) To quickly convert all files from CR/LF to just LF, add this entry to the port Makefile:

    USES=	dos2unix

A list of specific files to convert can be given:

    USES=	dos2unix
    DOS2UNIX_FILES=	util.c util.h

Use `DOS2UNIX_REGEX` to convert a group of files across subdirectories. Its argument is a find(1)-compatible regular expression. More on the format is in re_format(7). This option is useful for converting all files of a given extension. For example, convert all source code files, leaving binary files intact:

    USES=	dos2unix
    DOS2UNIX_REGEX=	.*\.([ch]|cpp)

A similar option is `DOS2UNIX_GLOB`, which runs `find` for each element listed in it.

    USES=	dos2unix
    DOS2UNIX_GLOB=	*.c *.cpp *.h

The base directory for the conversion can be set. This is useful when there are multiple distfiles and several contain files which require line-ending conversion.

    USES=	dos2unix
    DOS2UNIX_WRKSRC=	${WRKDIR}

#### 4.4.4. Patching Conditionally

Some ports need patches that are only applied for specific FreeBSD versions or when a particular option is enabled or disabled. Conditional patches are specified by placing the full paths to the patch files in `EXTRA_PATCHES`.

例 3. Applying a Patch for a Specific FreeBSD Version

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    # Patch in the iconv const qualifier before this
    .if ${OPSYS} == FreeBSD && ${OSVERSION} < 1100069
    EXTRA_PATCHES=	${PATCHDIR}/extra-patch-fbsd10
    .endif

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

例 4. Optionally Applying a Patch

When an option requires a patch, use `opt_EXTRA_PATCHES` and `opt_EXTRA_PATCHES_OFF` to make the patch conditional on the `opt` option. See Generic Variables Replacement for more information.

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	  FOO BAR
    FOO_EXTRA_PATCHES=  ${PATCHDIR}/extra-patch-foo
    BAR_EXTRA_PATCHES_OFF=	${PATCHDIR}/extra-patch-bar.c \
    		${PATCHDIR}/extra-patch-bar.h

例 5. Using `EXTRA_PATCHES` With a Directory

Sometime, there are many patches that are needed for a feature, in this case, it is possible to point `EXTRA_PATCHES` to a directory, and it will automatically apply all files named patch-* in it.

Create a subdirectory in ${PATCHDIR}, and move the patches in it. For example:

    % ls -l files/foo-patches
    -rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel    350 Jan 16 01:27 patch-Makefile.in
    -rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   3084 Jan 18 15:37 patch-configure

Then add this to the Makefile:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	FOO
    FOO_EXTRA_PATCHES=	${PATCHDIR}/foo-patches

The framework will then use all the files named patch-* in that directory.

### 4.5. 設定

Include any additional customization commands in the configure script and save it in the scripts subdirectory. As mentioned above, it is also possible do this with Makefile targets and/or scripts with the name pre-configure or post-configure.

### 4.6. 處理使用者輸入

If the port requires user input to build, configure, or install, set `IS_INTERACTIVE` in the Makefile. This will allow "overnight builds" to skip it. If the user sets the variable `BATCH` in their environment (and if the user sets the variable `INTERACTIVE`, then only those ports requiring interaction are built). This will save a lot of wasted time on the set of machines that continually build ports (see below).

It is also recommended that if there are reasonable default answers to the questions, `PACKAGE_BUILDING` be used to turn off the interactive script when it is set. This will allow us to build the packages for CDROMs and FTP.

## Chapter 5. Configuring the Makefile

Configuring the Makefile is pretty simple, and again we suggest looking at existing examples before starting. Also, there is a sample Makefile in this handbook, so take a look and please follow the ordering of variables and sections in that template to make the port easier for others to read.

Consider these problems in sequence during the design of the new Makefile:

### 5.1. The Original Source

Does it live in `DISTDIR` as a standard `gzip`ped tarball named something like foozolix-1.2.tar.gz? If so, go on to the next step. If not, the distribution file format might require overriding one or more of `DISTVERSION`, `DISTNAME`, `EXTRACT_CMD`, `EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS`, `EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS`, `EXTRACT_SUFX`, or `DISTFILES`.

In the worst case, create a custom `do-extract` target to override the default. This is rarely, if ever, necessary.

### 5.2. Naming

The first part of the port’s Makefile names the port, describes its version number, and lists it in the correct category.

#### 5.2.1. `PORTNAME`

Set `PORTNAME` to the base name of the software. It is used as the base for the FreeBSD package, and for `DISTNAME`.

| The package name must be unique across the entire ports tree. Make sure that the `PORTNAME` is not already in use by an existing port, and that no other port already has the same `PKGBASE`. If the name has already been used, add either `PKGNAMEPREFIX` or `PKGNAMESUFFIX`.

#### 5.2.2. Versions, `DISTVERSION` or `PORTVERSION`

Set `DISTVERSION` to the version number of the software.

`PORTVERSION` is the version used for the FreeBSD package. It will be automatically derived from `DISTVERSION` to be compatible with FreeBSD’s package versioning scheme. If the version contains letters, it might be needed to set `PORTVERSION` and not `DISTVERSION`.

| Only one of `PORTVERSION` and `DISTVERSION` can be set at a time.

From time to time, some software will use a version scheme that is not compatible with how `DISTVERSION` translates in `PORTVERSION`.

| When updating a port, it is possible to use pkg-version(8)'s `-t` argument to check if the new version is greater or lesser than before. See Using pkg-version(8) to Compare Versions.

例 6. Using pkg-version(8) to Compare Versions

`pkg version -t` takes two versions as arguments, it will respond with `<`, `=` or `>` if the first version is less, equal, or more than the second version, respectively.

    % pkg version -t 1.2 1.3
    < (1)
    % pkg version -t 1.2 1.2
    = (2)
    % pkg version -t 1.2 1.2.0
    = (3)
    % pkg version -t 1.2 1.2.p1
    > (4)
    % pkg version -t 1.2.a1 1.2.b1
    < (5)
    % pkg version -t 1.2 1.2p1
    < (6)

1 | `1.2` is before `1.3`.
2 | `1.2` and `1.2` are equal as they have the same version.
3 | `1.2` and `1.2.0` are equal as nothing equals zero.
4 | `1.2` is after `1.2.p1` as `.p1`, think "pre-release 1".
5 | `1.2.a1` is before `1.2.b1`, think "alpha" and "beta", and `a` is before `b`.
6 | `1.2` is before `1.2p1` as `2p1`, think "2, patch level 1" which is a version after any `2.X` but before `3`.

In here, the `a`, `b`, and `p` are used as if meaning "alpha", "beta" or "pre-release" and "patch level", but they are only letters and are sorted alphabetically, so any letter can be used, and they will be sorted appropriately.

表 1. Examples of `DISTVERSION` and the Derived `PORTVERSION`
DISTVERSION | PORTVERSION
--- | ---
0.7.1d | 0.7.1.d
10Alpha3 | 10.a3
3Beta7-pre2 | 3.b7.p2
8:f_17 | 8f.17

例 7. Using `DISTVERSION`

When the version only contains numbers separated by dots, dashes or underscores, use `DISTVERSION`.

    PORTNAME=   nekoto
    DISTVERSION=	1.2-4

It will generate a `PORTVERSION` of `1.2.4`.

例 8. Using `DISTVERSION` When the Version Starts with a Letter or a Prefix

When the version starts or ends with a letter, or a prefix or a suffix that is not part of the version, use `DISTVERSIONPREFIX`, `DISTVERSION`, and `DISTVERSIONSUFFIX`.

If the version is `v1.2-4`:

    PORTNAME=   nekoto
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=  v
    DISTVERSION=	1_2_4

Some of the time, projects using GitHub will use their name in their versions. For example, the version could be `nekoto-1.2-4`:

    PORTNAME=   nekoto
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=  nekoto-
    DISTVERSION=	1.2_4

Those projects also sometimes use some string at the end of the version, for example, `1.2-4_RELEASE`:

    PORTNAME=   nekoto
    DISTVERSION=	1.2-4
    DISTVERSIONSUFFIX=  _RELEASE

Or they do both, for example, `nekoto-1.2-4_RELEASE`:

    PORTNAME=   nekoto
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=  nekoto-
    DISTVERSION=	1.2-4
    DISTVERSIONSUFFIX=  _RELEASE

`DISTVERSIONPREFIX` and `DISTVERSIONSUFFIX` will not be used while constructing `PORTVERSION`, but only used in `DISTNAME`.

All will generate a `PORTVERSION` of `1.2.4`.

例 9. Using `DISTVERSION` When the Version Contains Letters Meaning "alpha", "beta", or "pre-release"

When the version contains numbers separated by dots, dashes or underscores, and letters are used to mean "alpha", "beta" or "pre-release", which is, before the version without the letters, use `DISTVERSION`.

    PORTNAME=   nekoto
    DISTVERSION=	1.2-pre4

    PORTNAME=   nekoto
    DISTVERSION=	1.2p4

Both will generate a `PORTVERSION` of `1.2.p4` which is before than 1.2. pkg-version(8) can be used to check that fact:

    % pkg version -t 1.2.p4 1.2
    <

例 10. Not Using `DISTVERSION` When the Version Contains Letters Meaning "Patch Level"

When the version contains letters that are not meant as "alpha", "beta", or "pre", but more in a "patch level", and meaning after the version without the letters, use `PORTVERSION`.

    PORTNAME=   nekoto
    PORTVERSION=	1.2p4

In this case, using `DISTVERSION` is not possible because it would generate a version of `1.2.p4` which would be before `1.2` and not after. pkg-version(8) will verify this:

    % pkg version -t 1.2 1.2.p4
    > (1)
    % pkg version -t 1.2 1.2p4
    < (2)

1 | `1.2` is after `1.2.p4`, which is wrong in this case.
2 | `1.2` is before `1.2p4`, which is what was needed.

For some more advanced examples of setting `PORTVERSION`, when the software’s versioning is really not compatible with FreeBSD’s, or `DISTNAME` when the distribution file does not contain the version itself, see `DISTNAME`.

#### 5.2.3. `PORTREVISION` and `PORTEPOCH`

##### 5.2.3.1. `PORTREVISION`

`PORTREVISION` is a monotonically increasing value which is reset to 0 with every increase of `DISTVERSION`, typically every time there is a new official vendor release. If `PORTREVISION` is non-zero, the value is appended to the package name. Changes to `PORTREVISION` are used by automated tools like pkg-version(8) to determine that a new package is available.

`PORTREVISION` must be increased each time a change is made to the port that changes the generated package in any way. That includes changes that only affect a package built with non-default options.

Examples of when `PORTREVISION` must be bumped:

- Addition of patches to correct security vulnerabilities, bugs, or to add new functionality to the port.

- Changes to the port Makefile to enable or disable compile-time options in the package.

- Changes in the packing list or the install-time behavior of the package. For example, a change to a script which generates initial data for the package, like ssh(1) host keys.

- Version bump of a port’s shared library dependency (in this case, someone trying to install the old package after installing a newer version of the dependency will fail since it will look for the old libfoo.x instead of libfoo.(x+1)).

- Silent changes to the port distfile which have significant functional differences. For example, changes to the distfile requiring a correction to distinfo with no corresponding change to `DISTVERSION`, where a `diff -ru` of the old and new versions shows non-trivial changes to the code.

Examples of changes which do not require a `PORTREVISION` bump:

- Style changes to the port skeleton with no functional change to what appears in the resulting package.

- Changes to `MASTER_SITES` or other functional changes to the port which do not affect the resulting package.

- Trivial patches to the distfile such as correction of typos, which are not important enough that users of the package have to go to the trouble of upgrading.

- Build fixes which cause a package to become compilable where it was previously failing. As long as the changes do not introduce any functional change on any other platforms on which the port did previously build. Since `PORTREVISION` reflects the content of the package, if the package was not previously buildable then there is no need to increase `PORTREVISION` to mark a change.

A rule of thumb is to decide whether a change committed to a port is something which some people would benefit from having. Either because of an enhancement, fix, or by virtue that the new package will actually work at all. Then weigh that against that fact that it will cause everyone who regularly updates their ports tree to be compelled to update. If yes, `PORTREVISION` must be bumped.

| People using binary packages will never see the update if `PORTREVISION` is not bumped. Without increasing `PORTREVISION`, the package builders have no way to detect the change and thus, will not rebuild the package.

##### 5.2.3.2. `PORTEPOCH`

From time to time a software vendor or FreeBSD porter will do something silly and release a version of their software which is actually numerically less than the previous version. An example of this is a port which goes from foo-20000801 to foo-1.0 (the former will be incorrectly treated as a newer version since 20000801 is a numerically greater value than 1).

| The results of version number comparisons are not always obvious. `pkg version` (see pkg-version(8)) can be used to test the comparison of two version number strings. For example:
    % pkg version -t 0.031 0.29
    >
The `>` output indicates that version 0.031 is considered greater than version 0.29, which may not have been obvious to the porter.

In situations such as this, `PORTEPOCH` must be increased. If `PORTEPOCH` is nonzero it is appended to the package name as described in section 0 above. `PORTEPOCH` must never be decreased or reset to zero, because that would cause comparison to a package from an earlier epoch to fail. For example, the package would not be detected as out of date. The new version number, `1.0,1` in the above example, is still numerically less than the previous version, 20000801, but the `,1` suffix is treated specially by automated tools and found to be greater than the implied suffix `,0` on the earlier package.

Dropping or resetting `PORTEPOCH` incorrectly leads to no end of grief. If the discussion above was not clear enough, please consult the FreeBSD ports 郵遞論壇.

It is expected that `PORTEPOCH` will not be used for the majority of ports, and that sensible use of `DISTVERSION`, or that use `PORTVERSION` carefully, can often preempt it becoming necessary if a future release of the software changes the version structure. However, care is needed by FreeBSD porters when a vendor release is made without an official version number - such as a code "snapshot" release. The temptation is to label the release with the release date, which will cause problems as in the example above when a new "official" release is made.

For example, if a snapshot release is made on the date `20000917`, and the previous version of the software was version `1.2`, do not use `20000917` for `DISTVERSION`. The correct way is a `DISTVERSION` of `1.2.20000917`, or similar, so that the succeeding release, say `1.3`, is still a numerically greater value.

##### 5.2.3.3. Example of `PORTREVISION` and `PORTEPOCH` Usage

The `gtkmumble` port, version `0.10`, is committed to the ports collection:

    PORTNAME=	gtkmumble
    DISTVERSION=	0.10

`PKGNAME` becomes `gtkmumble-0.10`.

A security hole is discovered which requires a local FreeBSD patch. `PORTREVISION` is bumped accordingly.

    PORTNAME=	gtkmumble
    DISTVERSION=	0.10
    PORTREVISION=	1

`PKGNAME` becomes `gtkmumble-0.10_1`

A new version is released by the vendor, numbered `0.2` (it turns out the author actually intended `0.10` to actually mean `0.1.0`, not "what comes after 0.9" - oops, too late now). Since the new minor version `2` is numerically less than the previous version `10`, `PORTEPOCH` must be bumped to manually force the new package to be detected as "newer". Since it is a new vendor release of the code, `PORTREVISION` is reset to 0 (or removed from the Makefile).

    PORTNAME=	gtkmumble
    DISTVERSION=	0.2
    PORTEPOCH=	1

`PKGNAME` becomes `gtkmumble-0.2,1`

The next release is 0.3. Since `PORTEPOCH` never decreases, the version variables are now:

    PORTNAME=	gtkmumble
    DISTVERSION=	0.3
    PORTEPOCH=	1

`PKGNAME` becomes `gtkmumble-0.3,1`

| If `PORTEPOCH` were reset to `0` with this upgrade, someone who had installed the `gtkmumble-0.10_1` package would not detect the `gtkmumble-0.3` package as newer, since `3` is still numerically less than `10`. Remember, this is the whole point of `PORTEPOCH` in the first place.

#### 5.2.4. `PKGNAMEPREFIX` and `PKGNAMESUFFIX`

Two optional variables, `PKGNAMEPREFIX` and `PKGNAMESUFFIX`, are combined with `PORTNAME` and `PORTVERSION` to form `PKGNAME` as `${PKGNAMEPREFIX}${PORTNAME}${PKGNAMESUFFIX}-${PORTVERSION}`. Make sure this conforms to our guidelines for a good package name. In particular, the use of a hyphen (`-`) in `PORTVERSION` is not allowed. Also, if the package name has the language- or the -compiled.specifics part (see below), use `PKGNAMEPREFIX` and `PKGNAMESUFFIX`, respectively. Do not make them part of `PORTNAME`.

#### 5.2.5. Package Naming Conventions

These are the conventions to follow when naming packages. This is to make the package directory easy to scan, as there are already thousands of packages and users are going to turn away if they hurt their eyes!

Package names take the form of language_region-name-compiled.specifics-version.numbers.

The package name is defined as `${PKGNAMEPREFIX}${PORTNAME}${PKGNAMESUFFIX}-${PORTVERSION}`. Make sure to set the variables to conform to that format.

language_region-

  FreeBSD strives to support the native language of its users. The language- part is a two letter abbreviation of the natural language defined by ISO-639 when the port is specific to a certain language. Examples are `ja` for Japanese, `ru` for Russian, `vi` for Vietnamese, `zh` for Chinese, `ko` for Korean and `de` for German.

  If the port is specific to a certain region within the language area, add the two letter country code as well. Examples are `en_US` for US English and `fr_CH` for Swiss French.

  The language- part is set in `PKGNAMEPREFIX`.

name

  Make sure that the port’s name and version are clearly separated and placed into `PORTNAME` and `DISTVERSION`. The only reason for `PORTNAME` to contain a version part is if the upstream distribution is really named that way, as in the textproc/libxml2 or japanese/kinput2-freewnn ports. Otherwise, `PORTNAME` cannot contain any version-specific information. It is quite normal for several ports to have the same `PORTNAME`, as the www/apache* ports do; in that case, different versions (and different index entries) are distinguished by `PKGNAMEPREFIX` and `PKGNAMESUFFIX` values.

  There is a tradition of naming `Perl 5` modules by prepending `p5-` and converting the double-colon separator to a hyphen. For example, the `Data::Dumper` module becomes `p5-Data-Dumper`.

-compiled.specifics

  If the port can be built with different hardcoded defaults (usually part of the directory name in a family of ports), the -compiled.specifics part states the compiled-in defaults. The hyphen is optional. Examples are paper size and font units.

  The -compiled.specifics part is set in `PKGNAMESUFFIX`.

-version.numbers

  The version string follows a dash (`-`) and is a period-separated list of integers and single lowercase alphabetics. In particular, it is not permissible to have another dash inside the version string. The only exception is the string `pl` (meaning "patchlevel"), which can be used only when there are no major and minor version numbers in the software. If the software version has strings like "alpha", "beta", "rc", or "pre", take the first letter and put it immediately after a period. If the version string continues after those names, the numbers follow the single alphabet without an extra period between them (for example, `1.0b2`).

  The idea is to make it easier to sort ports by looking at the version string. In particular, make sure version number components are always delimited by a period, and if the date is part of the string, use the `dyyyy.mm.dd` format, not `dd.mm.yyyy` or the non-Y2K compliant `yy.mm.dd` format. It is important to prefix the version with a letter, here `d` (for date), in case a release with an actual version number is made, which would be numerically less than `yyyy`.

| Package name must be unique among all of the ports tree, check that there is not already a port with the same `PORTNAME` and if there is add one of `PKGNAMEPREFIX` or `PKGNAMESUFFIX`.

Here are some (real) examples on how to convert the name as called by the software authors to a suitable package name, for each line, only one of `DISTVERSION` or `PORTVERSION` is set in, depending on which would be used in the port’s Makefile:

表 2. Package Naming Examples
Distribution Name | PKGNAMEPREFIX | PORTNAME | PKGNAMESUFFIX | DISTVERSION | PORTVERSION | Reason or comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
mule-2.2.2 | (empty) | mule | (empty) | 2.2.2 |  | No changes required
mule-1.0.1 | (empty) | mule | 1 | 1.0.1 |  | This is version 1 of mule, and version 2 already exists
EmiClock-1.0.2 | (empty) | emiclock | (empty) | 1.0.2 |  | No uppercase names for single programs
rdist-1.3alpha | (empty) | rdist | (empty) | 1.3alpha |  | Version will be `1.3.a`
es-0.9-beta1 | (empty) | es | (empty) | 0.9-beta1 |  | Version will be `0.9.b1`
mailman-2.0rc3 | (empty) | mailman | (empty) | 2.0rc3 |  | Version will be `2.0.r3`
v3.3beta021.src | (empty) | tiff | (empty) |  | 3.3 | What the heck was that anyway?
tvtwm | (empty) | tvtwm | (empty) |  | p11 | No version in the filename, use what upstream says it is
piewm | (empty) | piewm | (empty) | 1.0 |  | No version in the filename, use what upstream says it is
xvgr-2.10pl1 | (empty) | xvgr | (empty) |  | 2.10.pl1 | In that case, `pl1` means patch level, so using DISTVERSION is not possible.
gawk-2.15.6 | ja- | gawk | (empty) | 2.15.6 |  | Japanese language version
psutils-1.13 | (empty) | psutils | -letter | 1.13 |  | Paper size hardcoded at package build time
pkfonts | (empty) | pkfonts | 300 | 1.0 |  | Package for 300dpi fonts

If there is absolutely no trace of version information in the original source and it is unlikely that the original author will ever release another version, just set the version string to `1.0` (like the `piewm` example above). Otherwise, ask the original author or use the date string the source file was released on (`dyyyy.mm.dd`, or `dyyyymmdd`) as the version.

| Use any letter. Here, `d` here stands for date, if the source is a Git repository, `g` followed by the commit date is commonly used, using `s` for snapshot is also common.

### 5.3. Categorization

#### 5.3.1. `CATEGORIES`

When a package is created, it is put under /usr/ports/packages/All and links are made from one or more subdirectories of /usr/ports/packages. The names of these subdirectories are specified by the variable `CATEGORIES`. It is intended to make life easier for the user when he is wading through the pile of packages on the FTP site or the CDROM. Please take a look at the current list of categories and pick the ones that are suitable for the port.

This list also determines where in the ports tree the port is imported. If there is more than one category here, the port files must be put in the subdirectory with the name of the first category. See below for more discussion about how to pick the right categories.

#### 5.3.2. Current List of Categories

Here is the current list of port categories. Those marked with an asterisk (`*`) are virtual categories-those that do not have a corresponding subdirectory in the ports tree. They are only used as secondary categories, and only for search purposes.

| For non-virtual categories, there is a one-line description in `COMMENT` in that subdirectory’s Makefile.

Category | Description | Notes
--- | --- | ---
accessibility | Ports to help disabled users. |
afterstep`*` | Ports to support the AfterStep window manager. |
arabic | Arabic language support. |
archivers | Archiving tools. |
astro | Astronomical ports. |
audio | Sound support. |
benchmarks | Benchmarking utilities. |
biology | Biology-related software. |
cad | Computer aided design tools. |
chinese | Chinese language support. |
comms | Communication software. | Mostly software to talk to the serial port.
converters | Character code converters. |
databases | Databases. |
deskutils | Things that used to be on the desktop before computers were invented. |
devel | Development utilities. | Do not put libraries here just because they are libraries. They should not be in this category unless they truly do not belong anywhere else.
dns | DNS-related software. |
docs`*` | Meta-ports for FreeBSD documentation. |
editors | General editors. | Specialized editors go in the section for those tools. For example, a mathematical-formula editor will go in math, and have editors as a second category.
education`*` | Education-related software. | This includes applications, utilities, or games primarily or substantially designed to help the user learn a specific topic or study in general. It also includes course-writing applications, course-delivery applications, and classroom or school management applications
elisp`*` | Emacs-lisp ports. |
emulators | Emulators for other operating systems. | Terminal emulators do not belong here. X-based ones go to x11 and text-based ones to either comms or misc, depending on the exact functionality.
enlightenment`*` | Ports related to the Enlightenment window manager. |
finance | Monetary, financial and related applications. |
french | French language support. |
ftp | FTP client and server utilities. | If the port speaks both FTP and HTTP, put it in ftp with a secondary category of www.
games | Games. |
geography`*` | Geography-related software. |
german | German language support. |
gnome`*` | Ports from the GNOME Project. |
gnustep`*` | Software related to the GNUstep desktop environment. |
graphics | Graphics utilities. |
hamradio`*` | Software for amateur radio. |
haskell`*` | Software related to the Haskell language. |
hebrew | Hebrew language support. |
hungarian | Hungarian language support. |
irc | Internet Relay Chat utilities. |
japanese | Japanese language support. |
java | Software related to the Java™ language. | The java category must not be the only one for a port. Save for ports directly related to the Java language, porters are also encouraged not to use java as the main category of a port.
kde`*` | Ports from the KDE Project (generic). |
kde-applications`*` | Applications from the KDE Project. |
kde-frameworks`*` | Add-on libraries from the KDE Project for programming with Qt. |
kde-plasma`*` | Desktop from the KDE Project. |
kld`*` | Kernel loadable modules. |
korean | Korean language support. |
lang | Programming languages. |
linux`*` | Linux applications and support utilities. |
lisp`*` | Software related to the Lisp language. |
mail | Mail software. |
mate`*` | Ports related to the MATE desktop environment, a fork of GNOME 2. |
math | Numerical computation software and other utilities for mathematics. |
mbone`*` | MBone applications. |
misc | Miscellaneous utilities | Things that do not belong anywhere else. If at all possible, try to find a better category for the port than `misc`, as ports tend to be overlooked in here.
multimedia | Multimedia software. |
net | Miscellaneous networking software. |
net-im | Instant messaging software. |
net-mgmt | Networking management software. |
net-p2p | Peer to peer network applications. |
net-vpn`*` | Virtual Private Network applications. |
news | USENET news software. |
parallel`*` | Applications dealing with parallelism in computing. |
pear`*` | Ports related to the Pear PHP framework. |
perl5`*` | Ports that require Perl version 5 to run. |
plan9`*` | Various programs from Plan9. |
polish | Polish language support. |
ports-mgmt | Ports for managing, installing and developing FreeBSD ports and packages. |
portuguese | Portuguese language support. |
print | Printing software. | Desktop publishing tools (previewers, etc.) belong here too.
python`*` | Software related to the Python language. |
ruby`*` | Software related to the Ruby language. |
rubygems`*` | Ports of RubyGems packages. |
russian | Russian language support. |
scheme`*` | Software related to the Scheme language. |
science | Scientific ports that do not fit into other categories such as astro, biology and math. |
security | Security utilities. |
shells | Command line shells. |
spanish`*` | Spanish language support. |
sysutils | System utilities. |
tcl`*` | Ports that use Tcl to run. |
textproc | Text processing utilities. | It does not include desktop publishing tools, which go to print.
tk`*` | Ports that use Tk to run. |
ukrainian | Ukrainian language support. |
vietnamese | Vietnamese language support. |
wayland`*` | Ports to support the Wayland display server. |
windowmaker`*` | Ports to support the Window Maker window manager. |
www | Software related to the World Wide Web. | HTML language support belongs here too.
x11 | The X Window System and friends. | This category is only for software that directly supports the window system. Do not put regular X applications here. Most of them go into other x11-* categories (see below).
x11-clocks | X11 clocks. |
x11-drivers | X11 drivers. |
x11-fm | X11 file managers. |
x11-fonts | X11 fonts and font utilities. |
x11-servers | X11 servers. |
x11-themes | X11 themes. |
x11-toolkits | X11 toolkits. |
x11-wm | X11 window managers. |
xfce`*` | Ports related to the Xfce desktop environment. |
zope`*` | Zope support. |

#### 5.3.3. Choosing the Right Category

As many of the categories overlap, choosing which of the categories will be the primary category of the port can be tedious. There are several rules that govern this issue. Here is the list of priorities, in decreasing order of precedence:

- The first category must be a physical category (see above). This is necessary to make the packaging work. Virtual categories and physical categories may be intermixed after that.

- Language specific categories always come first. For example, if the port installs Japanese X11 fonts, then the `CATEGORIES` line would read japanese x11-fonts.

- Specific categories are listed before less-specific ones. For instance, an HTML editor is listed as www editors, not the other way around. Also, do not list net when the port belongs to any of irc, mail, news, security, or www, as net is included implicitly.

- x11 is used as a secondary category only when the primary category is a natural language. In particular, do not put x11 in the category line for X applications.

- Emacs modes are placed in the same ports category as the application supported by the mode, not in editors. For example, an Emacs mode to edit source files of some programming language goes into lang.

- Ports installing loadable kernel modules also have the virtual category kld in their `CATEGORIES` line. This is one of the things handled automatically by adding `USES=kmod`.

- misc does not appear with any other non-virtual category. If there is `misc` with something else in `CATEGORIES`, that means `misc` can safely be deleted and the port placed only in the other subdirectory.

- If the port truly does not belong anywhere else, put it in misc.

If the category is not clearly defined, please put a comment to that effect in the port submission in the bug database so we can discuss it before we import it. As a committer, send a note to the FreeBSD ports 郵遞論壇 so we can discuss it first. Too often, new ports are imported to the wrong category only to be moved right away.

#### 5.3.4. Proposing a New Category

As the Ports Collection has grown over time, various new categories have been introduced. New categories can either be virtual categories-those that do not have a corresponding subdirectory in the ports tree- or physical categories-those that do. This section discusses the issues involved in creating a new physical category. Read it thouroughly before proposing a new one.

Our existing practice has been to avoid creating a new physical category unless either a large number of ports would logically belong to it, or the ports that would belong to it are a logically distinct group that is of limited general interest (for instance, categories related to spoken human languages), or preferably both.

The rationale for this is that such a change creates a fair amount of work for both the committers and also for all users who track changes to the Ports Collection. In addition, proposed category changes just naturally seem to attract controversy. (Perhaps this is because there is no clear consensus on when a category is "too big", nor whether categories should lend themselves to browsing (and thus what number of categories would be an ideal number), and so forth.)

Here is the procedure:

1. Propose the new category on FreeBSD ports 郵遞論壇. Include a detailed rationale for the new category, including why the existing categories are not sufficient, and the list of existing ports proposed to move. (If there are new ports pending in Bugzilla that would fit this category, list them too.) If you are the maintainer and/or submitter, respectively, mention that as it may help the case.

2. Participate in the discussion.

3. If it seems that there is support for the idea, file a PR which includes both the rationale and the list of existing ports that need to be moved. Ideally, this PR would also include these patches:

   - Makefiles for the new ports once they are repocopied

   - Makefile for the new category

   - Makefile for the old ports' categories

   - Makefiles for ports that depend on the old ports

   - (for extra credit, include the other files that have to change, as per the procedure in the Committer’s Guide.)

4. Since it affects the ports infrastructure and involves moving and patching many ports but also possibly running regression tests on the build cluster, assign the PR to the Ports Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org>.

5. If that PR is approved, a committer will need to follow the rest of the procedure that is outlined in the Committer’s Guide.

Proposing a new virtual category is similar to the above but much less involved, since no ports will actually have to move. In this case, the only patches to include in the PR would be those to add the new category to `CATEGORIES` of the affected ports.

#### 5.3.5. Proposing Reorganizing All the Categories

Occasionally someone proposes reorganizing the categories with either a 2-level structure, or some other kind of keyword structure. To date, nothing has come of any of these proposals because, while they are very easy to make, the effort involved to retrofit the entire existing ports collection with any kind of reorganization is daunting to say the very least. Please read the history of these proposals in the mailing list archives before posting this idea. Furthermore, be prepared to be challenged to offer a working prototype.

### 5.4. The Distribution Files

The second part of the Makefile describes the files that must be downloaded to build the port, and where they can be downloaded.

#### 5.4.1. `DISTNAME`

`DISTNAME` is the name of the port as called by the authors of the software. `DISTNAME` defaults to `${PORTNAME}-${DISTVERSIONPREFIX}${DISTVERSION}${DISTVERSIONSUFFIX}`, and if not set, `DISTVERSION` defaults to `${PORTVERSION}` so override `DISTNAME` only if necessary. `DISTNAME` is only used in two places. First, the distribution file list (`DISTFILES`) defaults to `${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}`. Second, the distribution file is expected to extract into a subdirectory named `WRKSRC`, which defaults to work/${DISTNAME}.

Some vendor’s distribution names which do not fit into the `${PORTNAME}-${PORTVERSION}`-scheme can be handled automatically by setting `DISTVERSIONPREFIX`, `DISTVERSION`, and `DISTVERSIONSUFFIX`. `PORTVERSION` will be derived from `DISTVERSION` automatically.

| Only one of `PORTVERSION` and `DISTVERSION` can be set at a time. If `DISTVERSION` does not derive a correct `PORTVERSION`, do not use `DISTVERSION`.

If the upstream version scheme can be derived into a ports-compatible version scheme, set some variable to the upstream version, do not use `DISTVERSION` as the variable name. Set `PORTVERSION` to the computed version based on the variable you created, and set `DISTNAME` accordingly.

If the upstream version scheme cannot easily be coerced into a ports-compatible value, set `PORTVERSION` to a sensible value, and set `DISTNAME` with `PORTNAME` with the verbatim upstream version.

例 11. Deriving `PORTVERSION` Manually

BIND9 uses a version scheme that is not compatible with the ports versions (it has `-` in its versions) and cannot be derived using `DISTVERSION` because after the 9.9.9 release, it will release a "patchlevels" in the form of `9.9.9-P1`. DISTVERSION would translate that into `9.9.9.p1`, which, in the ports versioning scheme means 9.9.9 pre-release 1, which is before 9.9.9 and not after. So `PORTVERSION` is manually derived from an `ISCVERSION` variable to output `9.9.9p1`.

The order into which the ports framework, and pkg, will sort versions is checked using the `-t` argument of pkg-version(8):

    % pkg version -t 9.9.9 9.9.9.p1
    > (1)
    % pkg version -t 9.9.9 9.9.9p1
    < (2)

1 | The `>` sign means that the first argument passed to `-t` is greater than the second argument. `9.9.9` is after `9.9.9.p1`.
2 | The `<` sign means that the first argument passed to `-t` is less than the second argument. `9.9.9` is before `9.9.9p1`.

In the port Makefile, for example dns/bind99, it is achieved by:

    PORTNAME=	bind
    PORTVERSION=	${ISCVERSION:S/-P/P/:S/b/.b/:S/a/.a/:S/rc/.rc/}
    CATEGORIES=	dns net
    MASTER_SITES=	ISC/bind9/${ISCVERSION}
    PKGNAMESUFFIX=	99
    DISTNAME=	${PORTNAME}-${ISCVERSION}

    MAINTAINER=	mat@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	BIND DNS suite with updated DNSSEC and DNS64

    LICENSE=	ISCL

    # ISC releases things like 9.8.0-P1 or 9.8.1rc1, which our versioning does not like
    ISCVERSION=	9.9.9-P6

Define upstream version in `ISCVERSION`, with a comment saying why it is needed. Use `ISCVERSION` to get a ports-compatible `PORTVERSION`. Use `ISCVERSION` directly to get the correct URL for fetching the distribution file. Use `ISCVERSION` directly to name the distribution file.

例 12. Derive `DISTNAME` from `PORTVERSION`

From time to time, the distribution file name has little or no relation to the version of the software.

In comms/kermit, only the last element of the version is present in the distribution file:

    PORTNAME=	kermit
    PORTVERSION=	9.0.304
    CATEGORIES=	comms ftp net
    MASTER_SITES=	ftp://ftp.kermitproject.org/kermit/test/tar/
    DISTNAME=	cku${PORTVERSION:E}-dev20

The `:E` make(1) modifier returns the suffix of the variable, in this case, `304`. The distribution file is correctly generated as `cku304-dev20.tar.gz`.

例 13. Exotic Case 1

Sometimes, there is no relation between the software name, its version, and the distribution file it is distributed in.

From audio/libworkman:

    PORTNAME=       libworkman
    PORTVERSION=    1.4
    CATEGORIES=     audio
    MASTER_SITES=   LOCAL/jim
    DISTNAME=       ${PORTNAME}-1999-06-20

例 14. Exotic Case 2

In comms/librs232, the distribution file is not versioned, so using `DIST_SUBDIR` is needed:

    PORTNAME=       librs232
    PORTVERSION=    20160710
    CATEGORIES=     comms
    MASTER_SITES=   http://www.teuniz.net/RS-232/
    DISTNAME=       RS-232
    DIST_SUBDIR=	${PORTNAME}-${PORTVERSION}

| `PKGNAMEPREFIX` and `PKGNAMESUFFIX` do not affect `DISTNAME`. Also note that if `WRKSRC` is equal to ${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME} while the original source archive is named something other than `${PORTNAME}-${PORTVERSION}${EXTRACT_SUFX}`, leave `DISTNAME` alone- defining only `DISTFILES` is easier than both `DISTNAME` and `WRKSRC` (and possibly `EXTRACT_SUFX`).

#### 5.4.2. `MASTER_SITES`

Record the directory part of the FTP/HTTP-URL pointing at the original tarball in `MASTER_SITES`. Do not forget the trailing slash (/)!

The `make` macros will try to use this specification for grabbing the distribution file with `FETCH` if they cannot find it already on the system.

It is recommended that multiple sites are included on this list, preferably from different continents. This will safeguard against wide-area network problems.

| `MASTER_SITES` must not be blank. It must point to the actual site hosting the distribution files. It cannot point to web archives, or the FreeBSD distribution files cache sites. The only exception to this rule is ports that do not have any distribution files. For example, meta-ports do not have any distribution files, so `MASTER_SITES` does not need to be set.

##### 5.4.2.1. Using `MASTER_SITE_*` Variables

Shortcut abbreviations are available for popular archives like SourceForge (`SOURCEFORGE`), GNU (`GNU`), or Perl CPAN (`PERL_CPAN`). `MASTER_SITES` can use them directly:

    MASTER_SITES=	GNU/make

The older expanded format still works, but all ports have been converted to the compact format. The expanded format looks like this:

    MASTER_SITES=		${MASTER_SITE_GNU}
    MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR=	make

These values and variables are defined in Mk/bsd.sites.mk. New entries are added often, so make sure to check the latest version of this file before submitting a port.

| For any `MASTER_SITE_FOO` variable, the shorthand `FOO` can be used. For example, use:
    MASTER_SITES=	FOO
If `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR` is needed, use this:
    MASTER_SITES=	FOO/bar

| Some `MASTER_SITE_*` names are quite long, and for ease of use, shortcuts have been defined:
表 3. Shortcuts for `MASTER_SITE_*` Macros
Macro | Shortcut
--- | ---
`PERL_CPAN` | `CPAN`
`GITHUB` | `GH`
`GITHUB_CLOUD` | `GHC`
`LIBREOFFICE_DEV` | `LODEV`
`NETLIB` | `NL`
`RUBYGEMS` | `RG`
`SOURCEFORGE` | `SF`

##### 5.4.2.2. Magic MASTER_SITES Macros

Several "magic" macros exist for popular sites with a predictable directory structure. For these, just use the abbreviation and the system will choose a subdirectory automatically. For a port named `Stardict`, of version `1.2.3`, and hosted on SourceForge, adding this line:

    MASTER_SITES=	SF

infers a subdirectory named `/project/stardict/stardict/1.2.3`. If the inferred directory is incorrect, it can be overridden:

    MASTER_SITES=	SF/stardict/WyabdcRealPeopleTTS/${PORTVERSION}

This can also be written as

    MASTER_SITES=	SF
    MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR=	stardict/WyabdcRealPeopleTTS/${PORTVERSION}

表 4. Magic `MASTER_SITES` Macros
Macro | Assumed subdirectory
--- | ---
`APACHE_COMMONS_BINARIES` | `${PORTNAME:S,commons-,,}`
`APACHE_COMMONS_SOURCE` | `${PORTNAME:S,commons-,,}`
`APACHE_JAKARTA` | `${PORTNAME:S,-,/,}/source`
`BERLIOS` | `${PORTNAME:tl}.berlios`
`CHEESESHOP` | `source/${DISTNAME:C/(.).*/\1/}/${DISTNAME:C/(.*)-[0-9].*/\1/}`
`CPAN` | `${PORTNAME:C/-.*//}`
`DEBIAN` | `pool/main/${PORTNAME:C/^((lib)?.).*$/\1/}/${PORTNAME}`
`FARSIGHT` | `${PORTNAME}`
`FESTIVAL` | `${PORTREVISION}`
`GCC` | `releases/${DISTNAME}`
`GENTOO` | `distfiles`
`GIMP` | `${PORTNAME}/${PORTVERSION:R}/`
`GH` | `${GH_ACCOUNT}/${GH_PROJECT}/tar.gz/${GH_TAGNAME}?dummy=/`
`GHC` | `${GH_ACCOUNT}/${GH_PROJECT}/`
`GNOME` | `sources/${PORTNAME}/${PORTVERSION:C/^(\.[0-9]).*/\1/}`
`GNU` | `${PORTNAME}`
`GNUPG` | `${PORTNAME}`
`GNU_ALPHA` | `${PORTNAME}`
`HORDE` | `${PORTNAME}`
`LODEV` | `${PORTNAME}`
`MATE` | `${PORTVERSION:C/^(\.[0-9]).*/\1/}`
`MOZDEV` | `${PORTNAME:tl}`
`NL` | `${PORTNAME}`
`QT` | `archive/qt/${PORTVERSION:R}`
`SAMBA` | `${PORTNAME}`
`SAVANNAH` | `${PORTNAME:tl}`
`SF` | `${PORTNAME:tl}/${PORTNAME:tl}/${PORTVERSION}`

#### 5.4.3. `USE_GITHUB`

If the distribution file comes from a specific commit or tag on GitHub for which there is no officially released file, there is an easy way to set the right `DISTNAME` and `MASTER_SITES` automatically. These variables are available:

表 5. `USE_GITHUB` Description
Variable | Description | Default
--- | --- | ---
`GH_ACCOUNT` | Account name of the GitHub user hosting the project | `${PORTNAME}`
`GH_PROJECT` | Name of the project on GitHub | `${PORTNAME}`
`GH_TAGNAME` | Name of the tag to download (2.0.1, hash, …​) Using the name of a branch here is incorrect. It is also possible to use the hash of a commit id to do a snapshot. | `${DISTVERSIONPREFIX}${DISTVERSION}${DISTVERSIONSUFFIX}`
`GH_SUBDIR` | When the software needs an additional distribution file to be extracted within `${WRKSRC}`, this variable can be used. See the examples in Fetching Multiple Files from GitHub for more information. | (none)
`GH_TUPLE` | `GH_TUPLE` allows putting `GH_ACCOUNT`, `GH_PROJECT`, `GH_TAGNAME`, and `GH_SUBDIR` into a single variable. The format is account`:`project`:`tagname`:`group`/`subdir. The `/`subdir part is optional. It is helpful when there is more than one GitHub project from which to fetch. | (none)

| Do not use `GH_TUPLE` for the default distribution file, as it has no default.

例 15. Simple Use of `USE_GITHUB`

While trying to make a port for version `1.2.7` of pkg from the FreeBSD user on github, at https://github.com/freebsd/pkg, The Makefile would end up looking like this (slightly stripped for the example):

    PORTNAME=	pkg
    DISTVERSION=	1.2.7

    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_ACCOUNT=	freebsd

It will automatically have `MASTER_SITES` set to `GH` and `WRKSRC` to `${WRKDIR}/pkg-1.2.7`.

例 16. More Complete Use of `USE_GITHUB`

While trying to make a port for the bleeding edge version of pkg from the FreeBSD user on github, at https://github.com/freebsd/pkg, the Makefile ends up looking like this (slightly stripped for the example):

    PORTNAME=	pkg-devel
    DISTVERSION=	1.3.0.a.20140411

    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_ACCOUNT=	freebsd
    GH_PROJECT=	pkg
    GH_TAGNAME=	6dbb17b

It will automatically have `MASTER_SITES` set to `GH` and `WRKSRC` to `${WRKDIR}/pkg-6dbb17b`.

`20140411` is the date of the commit referenced in `GH_TAGNAME`, not the date the Makefile is edited, or the date the commit is made.

例 17. Use of `USE_GITHUB` with `DISTVERSIONPREFIX`

From time to time, `GH_TAGNAME` is a slight variation from `DISTVERSION`. For example, if the version is `1.0.2`, the tag is `v1.0.2`. In those cases, it is possible to use `DISTVERSIONPREFIX` or `DISTVERSIONSUFFIX`:

    PORTNAME=	foo
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=	v
    DISTVERSION=	1.0.2

    USE_GITHUB=	yes

It will automatically set `GH_TAGNAME` to `v1.0.2`, while `WRKSRC` will be kept to `${WRKDIR}/foo-1.0.2`.

例 18. Using `USE_GITHUB` When Upstream Does Not Use Versions

If there never was a version upstream, do not invent one like `0.1` or `1.0`. Create the port with a `DISTVERSION` of `gYYYYMMDD`, where `g` is for Git, and `YYYYMMDD` represents the date the commit referenced in `GH_TAGNAME`.

    PORTNAME=	bar
    DISTVERSION=	g20140411

    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_TAGNAME=	c472d66b

This creates a versioning scheme that increases over time, and that is still before version `0` (see Using pkg-version(8) to Compare Versions for details on pkg-version(8)):

    % pkg version -t g20140411 0
    <

Which means using `PORTEPOCH` will not be needed in case upstream decides to cut versions in the future.

例 19. Using `USE_GITHUB` to Access a Commit Between Two Versions

If the current version of the software uses a Git tag, and the port needs to be updated to a newer, intermediate version, without a tag, use git-describe(1) to find out the version to use:

    % git describe --tags f0038b1
    v0.7.3-14-gf0038b1

`v0.7.3-14-gf0038b1` can be split into three parts:

`v0.7.3`

  This is the last Git tag that appears in the commit history before the requested commit.

`-14`

  This means that the requested commit, `f0038b1`, is the 14th commit after the `v0.7.3` tag.

`-gf0038b1`

  The `-g` means "Git", and the `f0038b1` is the commit hash that this reference points to.

    PORTNAME=	bar
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=  v
    DISTVERSION=	0.7.3-14
    DISTVERSIONSUFFIX=  -gf0038b1

    USE_GITHUB=	yes

This creates a versioning scheme that increases over time (well, over commits), and does not conflict with the creation of a `0.7.4` version. (See Using pkg-version(8) to Compare Versions for details on pkg-version(8)):

    % pkg version -t 0.7.3 0.7.3.14
    <
    % pkg version -t 0.7.3.14 0.7.4
    <

If the requested commit is the same as a tag, a shorter description is shown by default. The longer version is equivalent:

    % git describe --tags c66c71d
    v0.7.3

    % git describe --tags --long c66c71d
    v0.7.3-0-gc66c71d

##### 5.4.3.1. Fetching Multiple Files from GitHub

The `USE_GITHUB` framework also supports fetching multiple distribution files from different places in GitHub. It works in a way very similar to Multiple Distribution or Patches Files from Multiple Locations.

Multiple values are added to `GH_ACCOUNT`, `GH_PROJECT`, and `GH_TAGNAME`. Each different value is assigned a group. The main value can either have no group, or the `:DEFAULT` group. A value can be omitted if it is the same as the default as listed in `USE_GITHUB` Description.

`GH_TUPLE` can also be used when there are a lot of distribution files. It helps keep the account, project, tagname, and group information at the same place.

For each group, a `${WRKSRC_group}` helper variable is created, containing the directory into which the file has been extracted. The `${WRKSRC_group}` variables can be used to move directories around during `post-extract`, or add to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`, or whatever is needed so that the software builds correctly.

| The `:group` part must be used for only one distribution file. It is used as a unique key and using it more than once will overwrite the previous values.

| As this is only syntactic sugar above `DISTFILES` and `MASTER_SITES`, the group names must adhere to the restrictions on group names outlined in Multiple Distribution or Patches Files from Multiple Locations

When fetching multiple files from GitHub, sometimes the default distribution file is not fetched from GitHub. To disable fetching the default distribution, set:

    USE_GITHUB=	nodefault

| When using `USE_GITHUB=nodefault`, the Makefile must set `DISTFILES` in its top block. The definition should be:
    DISTFILES=    ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}

例 20. Use of `USE_GITHUB` with Multiple Distribution Files

From time to time, there is a need to fetch more than one distribution file. For example, when the upstream git repository uses submodules. This can be done easily using groups in the `GH_*` variables:

    PORTNAME=	foo
    DISTVERSION=	1.0.2

    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_ACCOUNT=	bar:icons,contrib
    GH_PROJECT=	foo-icons:icons foo-contrib:contrib
    GH_TAGNAME=	1.0:icons fa579bc:contrib
    GH_SUBDIR=	ext/icons:icons

    CONFIGURE_ARGS=	--with-contrib=${WRKSRC_contrib}

This will fetch three distribution files from github. The default one comes from foo/foo and is version `1.0.2`. The second one, with the `icons` group, comes from bar/foo-icons and is in version `1.0`. The third one comes from bar/foo-contrib and uses the Git commit `fa579bc`. The distribution files are named foo-foo-1.0.2_GH0.tar.gz, bar-foo-icons-1.0_GH0.tar.gz, and bar-foo-contrib-fa579bc_GH0.tar.gz.

All the distribution files are extracted in `${WRKDIR}` in their respective subdirectories. The default file is still extracted in `${WRKSRC}`, in this case, ${WRKDIR}/foo-1.0.2. Each additional distribution file is extracted in `${WRKSRC_group}`. Here, for the `icons` group, it is called `${WRKSRC_icons}` and it contains ${WRKDIR}/foo-icons-1.0. The file with the `contrib` group is called `${WRKSRC_contrib}` and contains `${WRKDIR}/foo-contrib-fa579bc`.

The software’s build system expects to find the icons in a ext/icons subdirectory in its sources, so `GH_SUBDIR` is used. `GH_SUBDIR` makes sure that ext exists, but that ext/icons does not already exist. Then it does this:

    post-extract:
          @${MV} ${WRKSRC_icons} ${WRKSRC}/ext/icons

例 21. Use of `USE_GITHUB` with Multiple Distribution Files Using `GH_TUPLE`

This is functionally equivalent to Use of `USE_GITHUB` with Multiple Distribution Files, but using `GH_TUPLE`:

    PORTNAME=	foo
    DISTVERSION=	1.0.2

    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_TUPLE=	bar:foo-icons:1.0:icons/ext/icons \
    		bar:foo-contrib:fa579bc:contrib

    CONFIGURE_ARGS=	--with-contrib=${WRKSRC_contrib}

Grouping was used in the previous example with `bar:icons,contrib`. Some redundant information is present with `GH_TUPLE` because grouping is not possible.

例 22. How to Use `USE_GITHUB` with Git Submodules?

Ports with GitHub as an upstream repository sometimes use submodules. See git-submodule(1) for more information.

The problem with submodules is that each is a separate repository. As such, they each must be fetched separately.

Using finance/moneymanagerex as an example, its GitHub repository is https://github.com/moneymanagerex/moneymanagerex. It has a .gitmodules file at the root. This file describes all the submodules used in this repository, and lists additional repositories needed. This file will tell what additional repositories are needed:

    [submodule "lib/wxsqlite3"]
    	path = lib/wxsqlite3
    	url = https://github.com/utelle/wxsqlite3.git
    [submodule "3rd/mongoose"]
    	path = 3rd/mongoose
    	url = https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose.git
    [submodule "3rd/LuaGlue"]
    	path = 3rd/LuaGlue
    	url = https://github.com/moneymanagerex/LuaGlue.git
    [submodule "3rd/cgitemplate"]
    	path = 3rd/cgitemplate
    	url = https://github.com/moneymanagerex/html-template.git
    [...]

The only information missing from that file is the commit hash or tag to use as a version. This information is found after cloning the repository:

    % git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/moneymanagerex/moneymanagerex.git
    Cloning into 'moneymanagerex'...
    remote: Counting objects: 32387, done.
    [...]
    Submodule '3rd/LuaGlue' (https://github.com/moneymanagerex/LuaGlue.git) registered for path '3rd/LuaGlue'
    Submodule '3rd/cgitemplate' (https://github.com/moneymanagerex/html-template.git) registered for path '3rd/cgitemplate'
    Submodule '3rd/mongoose' (https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose.git) registered for path '3rd/mongoose'
    Submodule 'lib/wxsqlite3' (https://github.com/utelle/wxsqlite3.git) registered for path 'lib/wxsqlite3'
    [...]
    Cloning into '/home/mat/work/freebsd/ports/finance/moneymanagerex/moneymanagerex/3rd/LuaGlue'...
    Cloning into '/home/mat/work/freebsd/ports/finance/moneymanagerex/moneymanagerex/3rd/cgitemplate'...
    Cloning into '/home/mat/work/freebsd/ports/finance/moneymanagerex/moneymanagerex/3rd/mongoose'...
    Cloning into '/home/mat/work/freebsd/ports/finance/moneymanagerex/moneymanagerex/lib/wxsqlite3'...
    [...]
    Submodule path '3rd/LuaGlue': checked out 'c51d11a247ee4d1e9817dfa2a8da8d9e2f97ae3b'
    Submodule path '3rd/cgitemplate': checked out 'cd434eeeb35904ebcd3d718ba29c281a649b192c'
    Submodule path '3rd/mongoose': checked out '2140e5992ab9a3a9a34ce9a281abf57f00f95cda'
    Submodule path 'lib/wxsqlite3': checked out 'fb66eb230d8aed21dec273b38c7c054dcb7d6b51'
    [...]
    % cd moneymanagerex
    % git submodule status
     c51d11a247ee4d1e9817dfa2a8da8d9e2f97ae3b 3rd/LuaGlue (heads/master)
     cd434eeeb35904ebcd3d718ba29c281a649b192c 3rd/cgitemplate (cd434ee)
     2140e5992ab9a3a9a34ce9a281abf57f00f95cda 3rd/mongoose (6.2-138-g2140e59)
     fb66eb230d8aed21dec273b38c7c054dcb7d6b51 lib/wxsqlite3 (v3.4.0)
    [...]

It can also be found on GitHub. Each subdirectory that is a submodule is shown as `directory @ hash`, for example, `mongoose @ 2140e59`.

While getting the information from GitHub seems more straightforward, the information found using `git submodule status` will provide more meaningful information. For example, here, `lib/wxsqlite3`'s commit hash `fb66eb2` correspond to `v3.4.0`. Both can be used interchangeably, but when a tag is available, use it.

Now that all the required information has been gathered, the Makefile can be written (only GitHub-related lines are shown):

    PORTNAME=	moneymanagerex
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=	v
    DISTVERSION=	1.3.0

    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_TUPLE=	utelle:wxsqlite3:v3.4.0:wxsqlite3/lib/wxsqlite3 \
    		moneymanagerex:LuaGlue:c51d11a:lua_glue/3rd/LuaGlue \
    		moneymanagerex:html-template:cd434ee:html_template/3rd/cgitemplate \
    		cesanta:mongoose:2140e59:mongoose/3rd/mongoose \
    		[...]

#### 5.4.4. `USE_GITLAB`

Similar to GitHub, if the distribution file comes from gitlab.com or is hosting the GitLab software, these variables are available for use and might need to be set.

表 6. `USE_GITLAB` Description
Variable | Description | Default
--- | --- | ---
`GL_SITE` | Site name hosting the GitLab project | https://gitlab.com
`GL_ACCOUNT` | Account name of the GitLab user hosting the project | `${PORTNAME}`
`GL_PROJECT` | Name of the project on GitLab | `${PORTNAME}`
`GL_COMMIT` | The commit hash to download. Must be the full 160 bit, 40 character hex sha1 hash. This is a required variable for GitLab. | `(none)`
`GL_SUBDIR` | When the software needs an additional distribution file to be extracted within `${WRKSRC}`, this variable can be used. See the examples in Fetching Multiple Files from GitLab for more information. | (none)
`GL_TUPLE` | `GL_TUPLE` allows putting `GL_SITE`, `GL_ACCOUNT`, `GL_PROJECT`, `GL_COMMIT`, and `GL_SUBDIR` into a single variable. The format is site`:`account`:`project`:`commit`:`group`/`subdir. The site`:` and `/`subdir part is optional. It is helpful when there are more than one GitLab project from which to fetch. | (none)

例 23. Simple Use of `USE_GITLAB`

While trying to make a port for version `1.14` of libsignon-glib from the accounts-sso user on gitlab.com, at https://gitlab.com/accounts-sso/libsignon-glib, The Makefile would end up looking like this for fetching the distribution files:

    PORTNAME=	libsignon-glib
    DISTVERSION=	1.14

    USE_GITLAB=	yes
    GL_ACCOUNT=	accounts-sso
    GL_COMMIT=	e90302e342bfd27bc8c9132ab9d0ea3d8723fd03

It will automatically have `MASTER_SITES` set to gitlab.com and `WRKSRC` to `${WRKDIR}/libsignon-glib-e90302e342bfd27bc8c9132ab9d0ea3d8723fd03-e90302e342bfd27bc8c9132ab9d0ea3d8723fd03`.

例 24. More Complete Use of `USE_GITLAB`

A more complete use of the above if port had no versioning and foobar from the foo user on project bar on a self hosted GitLab site `https://gitlab.example.com`, the Makefile ends up looking like this for fetching distribution files:

    PORTNAME=	foobar
    DISTVERSION=	g20170906

    USE_GITLAB=	yes
    GL_SITE=	https://gitlab.example.com
    GL_ACCOUNT=	foo
    GL_PROJECT=	bar
    GL_COMMIT=	9c1669ce60c3f4f5eb43df874d7314483fb3f8a6

It will have `MASTER_SITES` set to `"https://gitlab.example.com"` and `WRKSRC` to `${WRKDIR}/bar-9c1669ce60c3f4f5eb43df874d7314483fb3f8a6-9c1669ce60c3f4f5eb43df874d7314483fb3f8a6`.

| `20170906` is the date of the commit referenced in `GL_COMMIT`, not the date the Makefile is edited, or the date the commit to the FreeBSD ports tree is made.

| `GL_SITE`'s protocol, port and webroot can all be modified in the same variable.

##### 5.4.4.1. Fetching Multiple Files from GitLab

The `USE_GITLAB` framework also supports fetching multiple distribution files from different places from GitLab and GitLab hosted sites. It works in a way very similar to Multiple Distribution or Patches Files from Multiple Locations and Fetching Multiple Files from GitLab.

Multiple values are added to `GL_SITE`, `GL_ACCOUNT`, `GL_PROJECT` and `GL_COMMIT`. Each different value is assigned a group. `USE_GITLAB` Description.

`GL_TUPLE` can also be used when there are a lot of distribution files. It helps keep the site, account, project, commit, and group information at the same place.

For each group, a `${WRKSRC_group}` helper variable is created, containing the directory into which the file has been extracted. The `${WRKSRC_group}` variables can be used to move directories around during `post-extract`, or add to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`, or whatever is needed so that the software builds correctly.

| The `:group` part must be used for only one distribution file. It is used as a unique key and using it more than once will overwrite the previous values.

| As this is only syntactic sugar above `DISTFILES` and `MASTER_SITES`, the group names must adhere to the restrictions on group names outlined in Multiple Distribution or Patches Files from Multiple Locations

When fetching multiple files using GitLab, sometimes the default distribution file is not fetched from a GitLab site. To disable fetching the default distribution, set:

    USE_GITLAB=	nodefault

| When using `USE_GITLAB=nodefault`, the Makefile must set `DISTFILES` in its top block. The definition should be:
    DISTFILES=    ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}

例 25. Use of `USE_GITLAB` with Multiple Distribution Files

From time to time, there is a need to fetch more than one distribution file. For example, when the upstream git repository uses submodules. This can be done easily using groups in the `GL_*` variables:

    PORTNAME=	foo
    DISTVERSION=	1.0.2

    USE_GITLAB=	yes
    GL_SITE=	https://gitlab.example.com:9434/gitlab:icons
    GL_ACCOUNT=	bar:icons,contrib
    GL_PROJECT=	foo-icons:icons foo-contrib:contrib
    GL_COMMIT=	c189207a55da45305c884fe2b50e086fcad4724b ae7368cab1ca7ca754b38d49da064df87968ffe4:icons 9e4dd76ad9b38f33fdb417a4c01935958d5acd2a:contrib
    GL_SUBDIR=	ext/icons:icons

    CONFIGURE_ARGS= --with-contrib=${WRKSRC_contrib}

This will fetch two distribution files from gitlab.com and one from `gitlab.example.com` hosting GitLab. The default one comes from https://gitlab.com/foo/foo and commit is `c189207a55da45305c884fe2b50e086fcad4724b`. The second one, with the `icons` group, comes from https://gitlab.example.com:9434/gitlab/bar/foo-icons and commit is `ae7368cab1ca7ca754b38d49da064df87968ffe4`. The third one comes from https://gitlab.com/bar/foo-contrib and is commit `9e4dd76ad9b38f33fdb417a4c01935958d5acd2a`. The distribution files are named foo-foo-c189207a55da45305c884fe2b50e086fcad4724b_GL0.tar.gz, bar-foo-icons-ae7368cab1ca7ca754b38d49da064df87968ffe4_GL0.tar.gz, and bar-foo-contrib-9e4dd76ad9b38f33fdb417a4c01935958d5acd2a_GL0.tar.gz.

All the distribution files are extracted in `${WRKDIR}` in their respective subdirectories. The default file is still extracted in `${WRKSRC}`, in this case, ${WRKDIR}/foo-c189207a55da45305c884fe2b50e086fcad4724b-c189207a55da45305c884fe2b50e086fcad4724b. Each additional distribution file is extracted in `${WRKSRC_group}`. Here, for the `icons` group, it is called `${WRKSRC_icons}` and it contains ${WRKDIR}/foo-icons-ae7368cab1ca7ca754b38d49da064df87968ffe4-ae7368cab1ca7ca754b38d49da064df87968ffe4. The file with the `contrib` group is called `${WRKSRC_contrib}` and contains `${WRKDIR}/foo-contrib-9e4dd76ad9b38f33fdb417a4c01935958d5acd2a-9e4dd76ad9b38f33fdb417a4c01935958d5acd2a`.

The software’s build system expects to find the icons in a ext/icons subdirectory in its sources, so `GL_SUBDIR` is used. `GL_SUBDIR` makes sure that ext exists, but that ext/icons does not already exist. Then it does this:

    post-extract:
            @${MV} ${WRKSRC_icons} ${WRKSRC}/ext/icons

例 26. Use of `USE_GITLAB` with Multiple Distribution Files Using `GL_TUPLE`

This is functionally equivalent to Use of `USE_GITLAB` with Multiple Distribution Files, but using `GL_TUPLE`:

    PORTNAME=	foo
    DISTVERSION=	1.0.2

    USE_GITLAB=	yes
    GL_COMMIT=	c189207a55da45305c884fe2b50e086fcad4724b
    GL_TUPLE=	https://gitlab.example.com:9434/gitlab:bar:foo-icons:ae7368cab1ca7ca754b38d49da064df87968ffe4:icons/ext/icons \
    		bar:foo-contrib:9e4dd76ad9b38f33fdb417a4c01935958d5acd2a:contrib

    CONFIGURE_ARGS= --with-contrib=${WRKSRC_contrib}

Grouping was used in the previous example with `bar:icons,contrib`. Some redundant information is present with `GL_TUPLE` because grouping is not possible.

#### 5.4.5. `EXTRACT_SUFX`

If there is one distribution file, and it uses an odd suffix to indicate the compression mechanism, set `EXTRACT_SUFX`.

For example, if the distribution file was named foo.tar.gzip instead of the more normal foo.tar.gz, write:

    DISTNAME=	foo
    EXTRACT_SUFX=	.tar.gzip

The `USES=tar[:xxx]`, `USES=lha` or `USES=zip` automatically set `EXTRACT_SUFX` to the most common archives extensions as necessary, see Using `USES` Macros for more details. If neither of these are set then `EXTRACT_SUFX` defaults to `.tar.gz`.

| As `EXTRACT_SUFX` is only used in `DISTFILES`, only set one of them..

#### 5.4.6. `DISTFILES`

Sometimes the names of the files to be downloaded have no resemblance to the name of the port. For example, it might be called source.tar.gz or similar. In other cases the application’s source code might be in several different archives, all of which must be downloaded.

If this is the case, set `DISTFILES` to be a space separated list of all the files that must be downloaded.

    DISTFILES=	source1.tar.gz source2.tar.gz

If not explicitly set, `DISTFILES` defaults to `${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}`.

#### 5.4.7. `EXTRACT_ONLY`

If only some of the `DISTFILES` must be extracted-for example, one of them is the source code, while another is an uncompressed document-list the filenames that must be extracted in `EXTRACT_ONLY`.

    DISTFILES=	source.tar.gz manual.html
    EXTRACT_ONLY=	source.tar.gz

When none of the `DISTFILES` need to be uncompressed, set `EXTRACT_ONLY` to the empty string.

    EXTRACT_ONLY=

#### 5.4.8. `PATCHFILES`

If the port requires some additional patches that are available by FTP or HTTP, set `PATCHFILES` to the names of the files and `PATCH_SITES` to the URL of the directory that contains them (the format is the same as `MASTER_SITES`).

If the patch is not relative to the top of the source tree (that is, `WRKSRC`) because it contains some extra pathnames, set `PATCH_DIST_STRIP` accordingly. For instance, if all the pathnames in the patch have an extra `foozolix-1.0/` in front of the filenames, then set `PATCH_DIST_STRIP=-p1`.

Do not worry if the patches are compressed; they will be decompressed automatically if the filenames end with .Z, .gz, .bz2 or .xz.

If the patch is distributed with some other files, such as documentation, in a compressed tarball, using `PATCHFILES` is not possible. If that is the case, add the name and the location of the patch tarball to `DISTFILES` and `MASTER_SITES`. Then, use `EXTRA_PATCHES` to point to those files and bsd.port.mk will automatically apply them. In particular, do not copy patch files into ${PATCHDIR}. That directory may not be writable.

| If there are multiple patches and they need mixed values for the strip parameter, it can be added alongside the patch name in `PATCHFILES`, e.g:
    PATCHFILES=	patch1 patch2:-p1
This does not conflict with the master site grouping feature, adding a group also works:
    PATCHFILES=	patch2:-p1:source2

| The tarball will have been extracted alongside the regular source by then, so there is no need to explicitly extract it if it is a regular compressed tarball. Take extra care not to overwrite something that already exists in that directory if extracting it manually. Also, do not forget to add a command to remove the copied patch in the `pre-clean` target.

#### 5.4.9. Multiple Distribution or Patches Files from Multiple Locations

(Consider this to be a somewhat "advanced topic"; those new to this document may wish to skip this section at first).

This section has information on the fetching mechanism known as both `MASTER_SITES:n` and `MASTER_SITES_NN`. We will refer to this mechanism as `MASTER_SITES:n`.

A little background first. OpenBSD has a neat feature inside `DISTFILES` and `PATCHFILES` which allows files and patches to be postfixed with `:n` identifiers. Here, `n` can be any word containing `[0-9a-zA-Z_]` and denote a group designation. For example:

    DISTFILES=	alpha:0 beta:1

In OpenBSD, distribution file alpha will be associated with variable `MASTER_SITES0` instead of our common `MASTER_SITES` and beta with `MASTER_SITES1`.

This is a very interesting feature which can decrease that endless search for the correct download site.

Just picture 2 files in `DISTFILES` and 20 sites in `MASTER_SITES`, the sites slow as hell where beta is carried by all sites in `MASTER_SITES`, and alpha can only be found in the 20th site. It would be such a waste to check all of them if the maintainer knew this beforehand, would it not? Not a good start for that lovely weekend!

Now that you have the idea, just imagine more `DISTFILES` and more `MASTER_SITES`. Surely our "distfiles survey meister" would appreciate the relief to network strain that this would bring.

In the next sections, information will follow on the FreeBSD implementation of this idea. We improved a bit on OpenBSD’s concept.

| The group names cannot have dashes in them (`-`), in fact, they cannot have any characters out of the `[a-zA-Z0-9_]` range. This is because, while make(1) is ok with variable names containing dashes, sh(1) is not.

##### 5.4.9.1. Simplified Information

This section explains how to quickly prepare fine grained fetching of multiple distribution files and patches from different sites and subdirectories. We describe here a case of simplified `MASTER_SITES:n` usage. This will be sufficient for most scenarios. More detailed information are available in Detailed Information.

Some applications consist of multiple distribution files that must be downloaded from a number of different sites. For example, Ghostscript consists of the core of the program, and then a large number of driver files that are used depending on the user’s printer. Some of these driver files are supplied with the core, but many others must be downloaded from a variety of different sites.

To support this, each entry in `DISTFILES` may be followed by a colon and a "group name". Each site listed in `MASTER_SITES` is then followed by a colon, and the group that indicates which distribution files are downloaded from this site.

For example, consider an application with the source split in two parts, source1.tar.gz and source2.tar.gz, which must be downloaded from two different sites. The port’s Makefile would include lines like Simplified Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with One File Per Site.

例 27. Simplified Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with One File Per Site

    MASTER_SITES=	ftp://ftp1.example.com/:source1 \
    		http://www.example.com/:source2
    DISTFILES=	source1.tar.gz:source1 \
    		source2.tar.gz:source2

Multiple distribution files can have the same group. Continuing the previous example, suppose that there was a third distfile, source3.tar.gz, that is downloaded from `ftp.example2.com`. The Makefile would then be written like Simplified Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with More Than One File Per Site.

例 28. Simplified Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with More Than One File Per Site

    MASTER_SITES=	ftp://ftp.example.com/:source1 \
    		http://www.example.com/:source2
    DISTFILES=	source1.tar.gz:source1 \
    		source2.tar.gz:source2 \
    		source3.tar.gz:source2

##### 5.4.9.2. Detailed Information

Okay, so the previous example did not reflect the new port’s needs? In this section we will explain in detail how the fine grained fetching mechanism `MASTER_SITES:n` works and how it can be used.

1. Elements can be postfixed with `:n` where n is ``, that is, _n_ could conceptually be any alphanumeric string but we will limit it to `[a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_]` for now.

   Moreover, string matching is case sensitive; that is, `n` is different from `N`.

   However, these words cannot be used for postfixing purposes since they yield special meaning: `default`, `all` and `ALL` (they are used internally in item ii). Furthermore, `DEFAULT` is a special purpose word (check item 3).

2. Elements postfixed with `:n` belong to the group `n`, `:m` belong to group `m` and so forth.

3. Elements without a postfix are groupless, they all belong to the special group `DEFAULT`. Any elements postfixed with `DEFAULT`, is just being redundant unless an element belongs to both `DEFAULT` and other groups at the same time (check item 5).

   These examples are equivalent but the first one is preferred:

       MASTER_SITES=	alpha

       MASTER_SITES=	alpha:DEFAULT

4. Groups are not exclusive, an element may belong to several different groups at the same time and a group can either have either several different elements or none at all.

5. When an element belongs to several groups at the same time, use the comma operator (`,`).

   Instead of repeating it several times, each time with a different postfix, we can list several groups at once in a single postfix. For instance, `:m,n,o` marks an element that belongs to group `m`, `n` and `o`.

   All these examples are equivalent but the last one is preferred:

       MASTER_SITES=	alpha alpha:SOME_SITE

       MASTER_SITES=	alpha:DEFAULT alpha:SOME_SITE

       MASTER_SITES=	alpha:SOME_SITE,DEFAULT

       MASTER_SITES=	alpha:DEFAULT,SOME_SITE

6. All sites within a given group are sorted according to `MASTER_SORT_AWK`. All groups within `MASTER_SITES` and `PATCH_SITES` are sorted as well.

7. Group semantics can be used in any of the variables `MASTER_SITES`, `PATCH_SITES`, `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR`, `PATCH_SITE_SUBDIR`, `DISTFILES`, and `PATCHFILES` according to this syntax:

   1. All `MASTER_SITES`, `PATCH_SITES`, `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR` and `PATCH_SITE_SUBDIR` elements must be terminated with the forward slash `/` character. If any elements belong to any groups, the group postfix `:n` must come right after the terminator `/`. The `MASTER_SITES:n` mechanism relies on the existence of the terminator `/` to avoid confusing elements where a `:n` is a valid part of the element with occurrences where `:n` denotes group `n`. For compatibility purposes, since the `/` terminator was not required before in both `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR` and `PATCH_SITE_SUBDIR` elements, if the postfix immediate preceding character is not a `/` then `:n` will be considered a valid part of the element instead of a group postfix even if an element is postfixed with `:n`. See both Detailed Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` in `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR` and Detailed Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with Comma Operator, Multiple Files, Multiple Sites and Multiple Subdirectories.

      例 29. Detailed Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` in `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR`

          MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR=	old:n new/:NEW

      - Directories within group `DEFAULT` → old:n

      - Directories within group `NEW` → new

      例 30. Detailed Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with Comma Operator, Multiple Files, Multiple Sites and Multiple Subdirectories

          MASTER_SITES=	http://site1/%SUBDIR%/ http://site2/:DEFAULT \
          		http://site3/:group3 http://site4/:group4 \
          		http://site5/:group5 http://site6/:group6 \
          		http://site7/:DEFAULT,group6 \
          		http://site8/%SUBDIR%/:group6,group7 \
          		http://site9/:group8
          DISTFILES=	file1 file2:DEFAULT file3:group3 \
          		file4:group4,group5,group6 file5:grouping \
          		file6:group7
          MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR=	directory-trial:1 directory-n/:groupn \
          		directory-one/:group6,DEFAULT \
          		directory

      The previous example results in this fine grained fetching. Sites are listed in the exact order they will be used.

      - file1 will be fetched from

        - `MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE`

        - http://site1/directory-trial:1/

        - http://site1/directory-one/

        - http://site1/directory/

        - http://site2/

        - http://site7/

        - `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP`

      - file2 will be fetched exactly as file1 since they both belong to the same group

        - `MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE`

        - http://site1/directory-trial:1/

        - http://site1/directory-one/

        - http://site1/directory/

        - http://site2/

        - http://site7/

        - `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP`

      - file3 will be fetched from

        - `MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE`

        - http://site3/

        - `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP`

      - file4 will be fetched from

        - `MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE`

        - http://site4/

        - http://site5/

        - http://site6/

        - http://site7/

        - http://site8/directory-one/

        - `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP`

      - file5 will be fetched from

        - `MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE`

        - `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP`

      - file6 will be fetched from

        - `MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE`

        - http://site8/

        - `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP`

8. How do I group one of the special macros from bsd.sites.mk, for example, SourceForge (`SF`)?

   This has been simplified as much as possible. See Detailed Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with SourceForge (`SF`).

   例 31. Detailed Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with SourceForge (`SF`)

       MASTER_SITES=	http://site1/ SF/something/1.0:sourceforge,TEST
       DISTFILES=	something.tar.gz:sourceforge

   something.tar.gz will be fetched from all sites within SourceForge.

9. How do I use this with `PATCH*`?

   All examples were done with `MASTER*` but they work exactly the same for `PATCH*` ones as can be seen in Simplified Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with `PATCH_SITES`.

   例 32. Simplified Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with `PATCH_SITES`

       PATCH_SITES=	http://site1/ http://site2/:test
       PATCHFILES=	patch1:test

##### 5.4.9.3. What Does Change for Ports? What Does Not?

1. All current ports remain the same. The `MASTER_SITES:n` feature code is only activated if there are elements postfixed with `:n` like elements according to the aforementioned syntax rules, especially as shown in item 7.

2. The port targets remain the same: `checksum`, `makesum`, `patch`, `configure`, `build`, etc. With the obvious exceptions of `do-fetch`, `fetch-list`, `master-sites` and `patch-sites`.

   - `do-fetch`: deploys the new grouping postfixed `DISTFILES` and `PATCHFILES` with their matching group elements within both `MASTER_SITES` and `PATCH_SITES` which use matching group elements within both `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR` and `PATCH_SITE_SUBDIR`. Check Detailed Use of `MASTER_SITES:n` with Comma Operator, Multiple Files, Multiple Sites and Multiple Subdirectories.

   - `fetch-list`: works like old `fetch-list` with the exception that it groups just like `do-fetch`.

   - `master-sites` and `patch-sites`: (incompatible with older versions) only return the elements of group `DEFAULT`; in fact, they execute targets `master-sites-default` and `patch-sites-default` respectively.

     Furthermore, using target either `master-sites-all` or `patch-sites-all` is preferred to directly checking either `MASTER_SITES` or `PATCH_SITES`. Also, directly checking is not guaranteed to work in any future versions. Check item B for more information on these new port targets.

3. New port targets

   1. There are `master-sites-n` and `patch-sites-n` targets which will list the elements of the respective group n within `MASTER_SITES` and `PATCH_SITES` respectively. For instance, both `master-sites-DEFAULT` and `patch-sites-DEFAULT` will return the elements of group `DEFAULT`, `master-sites-test` and `patch-sites-test` of group `test`, and thereon.

   2. There are new targets `master-sites-all` and `patch-sites-all` which do the work of the old `master-sites` and `patch-sites` ones. They return the elements of all groups as if they all belonged to the same group with the caveat that it lists as many `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP` and `MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE` as there are groups defined within either `DISTFILES` or `PATCHFILES`; respectively for `master-sites-all` and `patch-sites-all`.

#### 5.4.10. `DIST_SUBDIR`

Do not let the port clutter /usr/ports/distfiles. If the port requires a lot of files to be fetched, or contains a file that has a name that might conflict with other ports (for example, Makefile), set `DIST_SUBDIR` to the name of the port (`${PORTNAME}` or `${PKGNAMEPREFIX}${PORTNAME}` are fine). This will change `DISTDIR` from the default /usr/ports/distfiles to /usr/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}, and in effect puts everything that is required for the port into that subdirectory.

It will also look at the subdirectory with the same name on the backup master site at http://distcache.FreeBSD.org (Setting `DISTDIR` explicitly in Makefile will not accomplish this, so please use `DIST_SUBDIR`.)

| This does not affect `MASTER_SITES` defined in the Makefile.

### 5.5. `MAINTAINER`

Set your mail-address here. Please. :-)

Only a single address without the comment part is allowed as a `MAINTAINER` value. The format used is `user@hostname.domain`. Please do not include any descriptive text such as a real name in this entry. That merely confuses the Ports infrastructure and most tools using it.

The maintainer is responsible for keeping the port up to date and making sure that it works correctly. For a detailed description of the responsibilities of a port maintainer, refer to The challenge for port maintainers.

| A maintainer volunteers to keep a port in good working order. Maintainers have the primary responsibility for their ports, but not exclusive ownership. Ports exist for the benefit of the community and, in reality, belong to the community. What this means is that people other than the maintainer can make changes to a port. Large changes to the Ports Collection might require changes to many ports. The FreeBSD Ports Management Team or members of other teams might modify ports to fix dependency issues or other problems, like a version bump for a shared library update. Some types of fixes have "blanket approval" from the Ports Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org>, allowing any committer to fix those categories of problems on any port. These fixes do not need approval from the maintainer. Blanket approval for most ports applies to fixes like infrastructure changes, or trivial and tested build and runtime fixes. The current list is available in Ports section of the Committer’s Guide.

Other changes to the port will be sent to the maintainer for review and approval before being committed. If the maintainer does not respond to an update request after two weeks (excluding major public holidays), then that is considered a maintainer timeout, and the update can be made without explicit maintainer approval. If the maintainer does not respond within three months, or if there have been three consecutive timeouts, then that maintainer is considered absent without leave, and all of their ports can be assigned back to the pool. Exceptions to this are anything maintained by the Ports Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org>, or the Security Officer Team <security-officer@FreeBSD.org>. No unauthorized commits may ever be made to ports maintained by those groups.

We reserve the right to modify the maintainer’s submission to better match existing policies and style of the Ports Collection without explicit blessing from the submitter or the maintainer. Also, large infrastructural changes can result in a port being modified without the maintainer’s consent. These kinds of changes will never affect the port’s functionality.

The Ports Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org> reserves the right to revoke or override anyone’s maintainership for any reason, and the Security Officer Team <security-officer@FreeBSD.org> reserves the right to revoke or override maintainership for security reasons.

### 5.6. `COMMENT`

The comment is a one-line description of a port shown by `pkg info`. Please follow these rules when composing it:

1. The COMMENT string should be 70 characters or less.

2. Do not include the package name or version number of software.

3. The comment must begin with a capital and end without a period.

4. Do not start with an indefinite article (that is, A or An).

5. Capitalize names such as Apache, JavaScript, or Perl.

6. Use a serial comma for lists of words: "green, red, and blue."

7. Check for spelling errors.

Here is an example:

    COMMENT=	Cat chasing a mouse all over the screen

The COMMENT variable immediately follows the MAINTAINER variable in the Makefile.

### 5.7. Licenses

Each port must document the license under which it is available. If it is not an OSI approved license it must also document any restrictions on redistribution.

#### 5.7.1. `LICENSE`

A short name for the license or licenses if more than one license apply.

If it is one of the licenses listed in Predefined License List, only `LICENSE_FILE` and `LICENSE_DISTFILES` variables can be set.

If this is a license that has not been defined in the ports framework (see Predefined License List), the `LICENSE_PERMS` and `LICENSE_NAME` must be set, along with either `LICENSE_FILE` or `LICENSE_TEXT`. `LICENSE_DISTFILES` and `LICENSE_GROUPS` can also be set, but are not required.

The predefined licenses are shown in Predefined License List. The current list is always available in Mk/bsd.licenses.db.mk.

例 33. Simplest Usage, Predefined Licenses

When the README of some software says "This software is under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version." but does not provide the license file, use this:

    LICENSE=	LGPL21+

When the software provides the license file, use this:

    LICENSE=	LGPL21+
    LICENSE_FILE=	${WRKSRC}/COPYING

For the predefined licenses, the default permissions are `dist-mirror dist-sell pkg-mirror pkg-sell auto-accept`.

表 7. Predefined License List
Short Name | Name | Group | Permissions
--- | --- | --- | ---
`AGPLv3` | GNU Affero General Public License version 3 | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`AGPLv3+` | GNU Affero General Public License version 3 (or later) | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`APACHE10` | Apache License 1.0 | `FSF` | (default)
`APACHE11` | Apache License 1.1 | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`APACHE20` | Apache License 2.0 | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`ART10` | Artistic License version 1.0 | `OSI` | (default)
`ART20` | Artistic License version 2.0 | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`ARTPERL10` | Artistic License (perl) version 1.0 | `OSI` | (default)
`BSD` | BSD license Generic Version (deprecated) | `FSF OSI COPYFREE` | (default)
`BSD2CLAUSE` | BSD 2-clause "Simplified" License | `FSF OSI COPYFREE` | (default)
`BSD3CLAUSE` | BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" License | `FSF OSI COPYFREE` | (default)
`BSD4CLAUSE` | BSD 4-clause "Original" or "Old" License | `FSF` | (default)
`BSL` | Boost Software License | `FSF OSI COPYFREE` | (default)
`CC-BY-1.0` | Creative Commons Attribution 1.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-2.0` | Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-2.5` | Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-3.0` | Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-4.0` | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-NC-1.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 1.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-2.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 2.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-2.5` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 2.5 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-3.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-4.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-ND-1.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 1.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-ND-2.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 2.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-ND-2.5` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 2.5 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-SA-1.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 1.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-SA-2.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 2.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-SA-2.5` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 2.5 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 |  | `dist-mirror`pkg-mirror`auto-accept`
`CC-BY-ND-1.0` | Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives 1.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-ND-2.0` | Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives 2.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-ND-2.5` | Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives 2.5 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-ND-3.0` | Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives 3.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-ND-4.0` | Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives 4.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-SA-1.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 1.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-SA-2.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-SA-2.5` | Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2.5 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-SA-3.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 |  | (default)
`CC-BY-SA-4.0` | Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 |  | (default)
`CC0-1.0` | Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal | `FSF GPL COPYFREE` | (default)
`CDDL` | Common Development and Distribution License | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`CPAL-1.0` | Common Public Attribution License | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`ClArtistic` | Clarified Artistic License | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`EPL` | Eclipse Public License | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`GFDL` | GNU Free Documentation License | `FSF` | (default)
`GMGPL` | GNAT Modified General Public License | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`GPLv1` | GNU General Public License version 1 | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`GPLv1+` | GNU General Public License version 1 (or later) | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`GPLv2` | GNU General Public License version 2 | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`GPLv2+` | GNU General Public License version 2 (or later) | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`GPLv3` | GNU General Public License version 3 | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`GPLv3+` | GNU General Public License version 3 (or later) | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`GPLv3RLE` | GNU GPL version 3 Runtime Library Exception | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`GPLv3RLE+` | GNU GPL version 3 Runtime Library Exception (or later) | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`ISCL` | Internet Systems Consortium License | `FSF GPL OSI COPYFREE` | (default)
`LGPL20` | GNU Library General Public License version 2.0 | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`LGPL20+` | GNU Library General Public License version 2.0 (or later) | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`LGPL21` | GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`LGPL21+` | GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 (or later) | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`LGPL3` | GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`LGPL3+` | GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 (or later) | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`LPPL10` | LaTeX Project Public License version 1.0 | `FSF OSI` | `dist-mirror dist-sell`
`LPPL11` | LaTeX Project Public License version 1.1 | `FSF OSI` | `dist-mirror dist-sell`
`LPPL12` | LaTeX Project Public License version 1.2 | `FSF OSI` | `dist-mirror dist-sell`
`LPPL13` | LaTeX Project Public License version 1.3 | `FSF OSI` | `dist-mirror dist-sell`
`LPPL13a` | LaTeX Project Public License version 1.3a | `FSF OSI` | `dist-mirror dist-sell`
`LPPL13b` | LaTeX Project Public License version 1.3b | `FSF OSI` | `dist-mirror dist-sell`
`LPPL13c` | LaTeX Project Public License version 1.3c | `FSF OSI` | `dist-mirror dist-sell`
`MIT` | MIT license / X11 license | `COPYFREE FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`MPL10` | Mozilla Public License version 1.0 | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`MPL11` | Mozilla Public License version 1.1 | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`MPL20` | Mozilla Public License version 2.0 | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`NCSA` | University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License | `COPYFREE FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`NONE` | No license specified |  | `none`
`OFL10` | SIL Open Font License version 1.0 (http://scripts.sil.org/OFL) | `FONTS` | (default)
`OFL11` | SIL Open Font License version 1.1 (http://scripts.sil.org/OFL) | `FONTS` | (default)
`OWL` | Open Works License (owl.apotheon.org) | `COPYFREE` | (default)
`OpenSSL` | OpenSSL License | `FSF` | (default)
`PD` | Public Domain | `GPL COPYFREE` | (default)
`PHP202` | PHP License version 2.02 | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`PHP30` | PHP License version 3.0 | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`PHP301` | PHP License version 3.01 | `FSF OSI` | (default)
`PSFL` | Python Software Foundation License | `FSF GPL OSI` | (default)
`PostgreSQL` | PostgreSQL License | `FSF GPL OSI COPYFREE` | (default)
`RUBY` | Ruby License | `FSF` | (default)
`UNLICENSE` | The Unlicense | `COPYFREE FSF GPL` | (default)
`WTFPL` | Do What the Fuck You Want To Public License version 2 | `GPL FSF COPYFREE` | (default)
`WTFPL1` | Do What the Fuck You Want To Public License version 1 | `GPL FSF COPYFREE` | (default)
`ZLIB` | zlib License | `GPL FSF OSI` | (default)
`ZPL21` | Zope Public License version 2.1 | `GPL OSI` | (default)

#### 5.7.2. `LICENSE_PERMS` and `LICENSE_PERMS_NAME_`

Permissions. use `none` if empty.

License Permissions List

`dist-mirror`

  Redistribution of the distribution files is permitted. The distribution files will be added to the FreeBSD `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP` CDN.

`no-dist-mirror`

  Redistribution of the distribution files is prohibited. This is equivalent to setting `RESTRICTED`. The distribution files will not be added to the FreeBSD `MASTER_SITE_BACKUP` CDN.

`dist-sell`

  Selling of distribution files is permitted. The distribution files will be present on the installer images.

`no-dist-sell`

  Selling of distribution files is prohibited. This is equivalent to setting `NO_CDROM`.

`pkg-mirror`

  Free redistribution of package is permitted. The package will be distributed on the FreeBSD package CDN https://pkg.freebsd.org/.

`no-pkg-mirror`

  Free redistribution of package is prohibited. Equivalent to setting `NO_PACKAGE`. The package will not be distributed from the FreeBSD package CDN https://pkg.freebsd.org/.

`pkg-sell`

  Selling of package is permitted. The package will be present on the installer images.

`no-pkg-sell`

  Selling of package is prohibited. This is equivalent to setting `NO_CDROM`. The package will not be present on the installer images.

`auto-accept`

  License is accepted by default. Prompts to accept a license are not displayed unless the user has defined `LICENSES_ASK`. Use this unless the license states the user must accept the terms of the license.

`no-auto-accept`

  License is not accepted by default. The user will always be asked to confirm the acceptance of this license. This must be used if the license states that the user must accept its terms.

When both `permission` and `no-permission` is present the `no-permission` will cancel `permission`.

When `permission` is not present, it is considered to be a `no-permission`.

| Some missing permissions will prevent a port (and all ports depending on it) from being usable by package users: A port without the `auto-accept` permission will never be be built and all the ports depending on it will be ignored. A port without the `pkg-mirror` permission will be removed, as well as all the ports depending on it, after the build and they will ever end up being distributed.

例 34. Nonstandard License

Read the terms of the license and translate those using the available permissions.

    LICENSE=        UNKNOWN
    LICENSE_NAME=   unknown
    LICENSE_TEXT=   This program is NOT in public domain.\
                    It can be freely distributed for non-commercial purposes only.
    LICENSE_PERMS=  dist-mirror no-dist-sell pkg-mirror no-pkg-sell auto-accept

例 35. Standard and Nonstandard Licenses

Read the terms of the license and express those using the available permissions. In case of doubt, please ask for guidance on the FreeBSD ports 郵遞論壇.

    LICENSE=        WARSOW GPLv2
    LICENSE_COMB=   multi
    LICENSE_NAME_WARSOW=    Warsow Content License
    LICENSE_FILE_WARSOW=    ${WRKSRC}/docs/license.txt
    LICENSE_PERMS_WARSOW=   dist-mirror pkg-mirror auto-accept

When the permissions of the GPLv2 and the UNKNOWN licenses are mixed, the port ends up with `dist-mirror dist-sell pkg-mirror pkg-sell auto-accept dist-mirror no-dist-sell pkg-mirror no-pkg-sell auto-accept`. The `no-permissions` cancel the permissions. The resulting list of permissions are dist-mirror pkg-mirror auto-accept. The distribution files and the packages will not be available on the installer images.

#### 5.7.3. `LICENSE_GROUPS` and `LICENSE_GROUPS_NAME`

Groups the license belongs.

Predefined License Groups List

`FSF`

  Free Software Foundation Approved, see the FSF Licensing & Compliance Team.

`GPL`

  GPL Compatible

`OSI`

  OSI Approved, see the Open Source Initiative Open Source Licenses page.

`COPYFREE`

  Comply with Copyfree Standard Definition, see the Copyfree Licenses page.

`FONTS`

  Font licenses

#### 5.7.4. `LICENSE_NAME` and `LICENSE_NAME_NAME`

Full name of the license.

例 36. `LICENSE_NAME`

    LICENSE=        UNRAR
    LICENSE_NAME=   UnRAR License
    LICENSE_FILE=   ${WRKSRC}/license.txt
    LICENSE_PERMS=  dist-mirror dist-sell pkg-mirror pkg-sell auto-accept

#### 5.7.5. `LICENSE_FILE` and `LICENSE_FILE_NAME`

Full path to the file containing the license text, usually ${WRKSRC}/some/file. If the file is not in the distfile, and its content is too long to be put in `LICENSE_TEXT`, put it in a new file in ${FILESDIR}.

例 37. `LICENSE_FILE`

    LICENSE=	GPLv3+
    LICENSE_FILE=	${WRKSRC}/COPYING

#### 5.7.6. `LICENSE_TEXT` and `LICENSE_TEXT_NAME`

Text to use as a license. Useful when the license is not in the distribution files and its text is short.

例 38. `LICENSE_TEXT`

    LICENSE=        UNKNOWN
    LICENSE_NAME=   unknown
    LICENSE_TEXT=   This program is NOT in public domain.\
                    It can be freely distributed for non-commercial purposes only,\
                    and THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THIS PROGRAM.
    LICENSE_PERMS=  dist-mirror no-dist-sell pkg-mirror no-pkg-sell auto-accept

#### 5.7.7. `LICENSE_DISTFILES` and `LICENSE_DISTFILES_NAME`

The distribution files to which the licenses apply. Defaults to all the distribution files.

例 39. `LICENSE_DISTFILES`

Used when the distribution files do not all have the same license. For example, one has a code license, and another has some artwork that cannot be redistributed:

    MASTER_SITES=   SF/some-game
    DISTFILES=      ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX} artwork.zip

    LICENSE=        BSD3CLAUSE ARTWORK
    LICENSE_COMB=   dual
    LICENSE_NAME_ARTWORK=      The game artwork license
    LICENSE_TEXT_ARTWORK=      The README says that the files cannot be redistributed
    LICENSE_PERMS_ARTWORK=     pkg-mirror pkg-sell auto-accept
    LICENSE_DISTFILES_BSD3CLAUSE=   ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}
    LICENSE_DISTFILES_ARTWORK= artwork.zip

#### 5.7.8. `LICENSE_COMB`

Set to `multi` if all licenses apply. Set to `dual` if any license applies. Defaults to `single`.

例 40. Dual Licenses

When a port says "This software may be distributed under the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License", it means that either license can be used. Use this:

    LICENSE=	ART10 GPLv1
    LICENSE_COMB=   dual

If license files are provided, use this:

    LICENSE=	ART10 GPLv1
    LICENSE_COMB=   dual
    LICENSE_FILE_ART10=     ${WRKSRC}/Artistic
    LICENSE_FILE_GPLv1=     ${WRKSRC}/Copying

例 41. Multiple Licenses

When part of a port has one license, and another part has a different license, use `multi`:

    LICENSE=	GPLv2 LGPL21+
    LICENSE_COMB=	multi

### 5.8. `PORTSCOUT`

Portscout is an automated distfile check utility for the FreeBSD Ports Collection, described in detail in Portscout: the FreeBSD Ports Distfile Scanner.

`PORTSCOUT` defines special conditions within which the Portscout distfile scanner is restricted.

Situations where `PORTSCOUT` is set include:

- When distfiles have to be ignored for specific versions. For example, to exclude version 8.2 and version 8.3 from distfile version checks because they are known to be broken, add:

      PORTSCOUT=	skipv:8.2,8.3

- When distfile version checks have to be disabled completely. For example, if a port is not going to be updated ever again, add:

      PORTSCOUT=	ignore:1

- When specific versions or specific major and minor revisions of a distfile must be checked. For example, if only version 0.6.4 must be monitored because newer versions have compatibility issues with FreeBSD, add:

      PORTSCOUT=	limit:^0\.6\.4

- When URLs listing the available versions differ from the download URLs. For example, to limit distfile version checks to the download page for the databases/pgtune port, add:

      PORTSCOUT=	site:http://pgfoundry.org/frs/?group_id=1000416

### 5.9. Dependencies

Many ports depend on other ports. This is a very convenient feature of most Unix-like operating systems, including FreeBSD. Multiple ports can share a common dependency, rather than bundling that dependency with every port or package that needs it. There are seven variables that can be used to ensure that all the required bits will be on the user’s machine. There are also some pre-supported dependency variables for common cases, plus a few more to control the behavior of dependencies.

| When software has extra dependencies that provide extra features, the base dependencies listed in `*_DEPENDS` should include the extra dependencies that would benefit most users. The base dependencies should never be a "minimal" dependency set. The goal is not to include every dependency possible. Only include those that will benefit most people.

#### 5.9.1. `LIB_DEPENDS`

This variable specifies the shared libraries this port depends on. It is a list of `lib:dir` tuples where `lib` is the name of the shared library, `dir` is the directory in which to find it in case it is not available. For example,

    LIB_DEPENDS=   libjpeg.so:graphics/jpeg

will check for a shared jpeg library with any version, and descend into the graphics/jpeg subdirectory of the ports tree to build and install it if it is not found.

The dependency is checked twice, once from within the `build` target and then from within the `install` target. Also, the name of the dependency is put into the package so that `pkg install` (see pkg-install(8)) will automatically install it if it is not on the user’s system.

#### 5.9.2. `RUN_DEPENDS`

This variable specifies executables or files this port depends on during run-time. It is a list of `path:dir`[:`target`] tuples where `path` is the name of the executable or file, dir is the directory in which to find it in case it is not available, and target is the target to call in that directory. If path starts with a slash (`/`), it is treated as a file and its existence is tested with `test -e`; otherwise, it is assumed to be an executable, and `which -s` is used to determine if the program exists in the search path.

For example,

    RUN_DEPENDS=	${LOCALBASE}/news/bin/innd:news/inn \
    		xmlcatmgr:textproc/xmlcatmgr

will check if the file or directory /usr/local/news/bin/innd exists, and build and install it from the news/inn subdirectory of the ports tree if it is not found. It will also see if an executable called `xmlcatmgr` is in the search path, and descend into textproc/xmlcatmgr to build and install it if it is not found.

| In this case, `innd` is actually an executable; if an executable is in a place that is not expected to be in the search path, use the full pathname.

| The official search `PATH` used on the ports build cluster is
    /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin

The dependency is checked from within the `install` target. Also, the name of the dependency is put into the package so that `pkg install` (see pkg-install(8)) will automatically install it if it is not on the user’s system. The target part can be omitted if it is the same as `DEPENDS_TARGET`.

A quite common situation is when `RUN_DEPENDS` is literally the same as `BUILD_DEPENDS`, especially if ported software is written in a scripted language or if it requires the same build and run-time environment. In this case, it is both tempting and intuitive to directly assign one to the other:

    RUN_DEPENDS=	${BUILD_DEPENDS}

However, such assignment can pollute run-time dependencies with entries not defined in the port’s original `BUILD_DEPENDS`. This happens because of make(1)'s lazy evaluation of variable assignment. Consider a Makefile with `USE_*`, which are processed by ports/Mk/bsd.*.mk to augment initial build dependencies. For example, `USES= gmake` adds devel/gmake to `BUILD_DEPENDS`. To prevent such additional dependencies from polluting `RUN_DEPENDS`, create another variable with the current content of `BUILD_DEPENDS` and assign it to both `BUILD_DEPENDS` and `RUN_DEPENDS`:

    MY_DEPENDS=	some:devel/some \
    		other:lang/other
    BUILD_DEPENDS=	${MY_DEPENDS}
    RUN_DEPENDS=	${MY_DEPENDS}

| Do not use `:=` to assign `BUILD_DEPENDS` to `RUN_DEPENDS` or vice-versa. All variables are expanded immediately, which is exactly the wrong thing to do and almost always a failure.

#### 5.9.3. `BUILD_DEPENDS`

This variable specifies executables or files this port requires to build. Like `RUN_DEPENDS`, it is a list of `path:dir`[:`target`] tuples. For example,

    BUILD_DEPENDS=	unzip:archivers/unzip

will check for an executable called `unzip`, and descend into the archivers/unzip subdirectory of the ports tree to build and install it if it is not found.

| "build" here means everything from extraction to compilation. The dependency is checked from within the `extract` target. The target part can be omitted if it is the same as `DEPENDS_TARGET`

#### 5.9.4. `FETCH_DEPENDS`

This variable specifies executables or files this port requires to fetch. Like the previous two, it is a list of `path:dir`[:`target`] tuples. For example,

    FETCH_DEPENDS=	ncftp2:net/ncftp2

will check for an executable called `ncftp2`, and descend into the net/ncftp2 subdirectory of the ports tree to build and install it if it is not found.

The dependency is checked from within the `fetch` target. The target part can be omitted if it is the same as `DEPENDS_TARGET`.

#### 5.9.5. `EXTRACT_DEPENDS`

This variable specifies executables or files this port requires for extraction. Like the previous, it is a list of `path:dir`[:`target`] tuples. For example,

    EXTRACT_DEPENDS=	unzip:archivers/unzip

will check for an executable called `unzip`, and descend into the archivers/unzip subdirectory of the ports tree to build and install it if it is not found.

The dependency is checked from within the `extract` target. The target part can be omitted if it is the same as `DEPENDS_TARGET`.

| Use this variable only if the extraction does not already work (the default assumes `tar`) and cannot be made to work using `USES=tar`, `USES=lha` or `USES=zip` described in Using `USES` Macros.

#### 5.9.6. `PATCH_DEPENDS`

This variable specifies executables or files this port requires to patch. Like the previous, it is a list of `path:dir`[:`target`] tuples. For example,

    PATCH_DEPENDS=	${NONEXISTENT}:java/jfc:extract

will descend into the java/jfc subdirectory of the ports tree to extract it.

The dependency is checked from within the `patch` target. The target part can be omitted if it is the same as `DEPENDS_TARGET`.

#### 5.9.7. `USES`

Parameters can be added to define different features and dependencies used by the port. They are specified by adding this line to the Makefile:

    USES= feature[:arguments]

For the complete list of values, please see Using `USES` Macros.

| `USES` cannot be assigned after inclusion of bsd.port.pre.mk.

#### 5.9.8. `USE_*`

Several variables exist to define common dependencies shared by many ports. Their use is optional, but helps to reduce the verbosity of the port Makefiles. Each of them is styled as `USE_*`. These variables may be used only in the port Makefiles and ports/Mk/bsd.*.mk. They are not meant for user-settable options - use `PORT_OPTIONS` for that purpose.

| It is always incorrect to set any `USE_*` in /etc/make.conf. For instance, setting
    USE_GCC=X.Y
(where X.Y is version number) would add a dependency on gccXY for every port, including `lang/gccXY` itself!

表 8. `USE_*`
Variable | Means
--- | ---
`USE_GCC` | The port requires GCC (`gcc` or `g++`) to build. Some ports need a specific, old GCC version, some require modern, recent versions. It is typically set to `yes` (means always use stable, modern GCC from ports per `GCC_DEFAULT` in Mk/bsd.default-versions.mk). This is also the default value. The exact version can also be specified, with a value such as `10`. The minimal required version can be specified as `10+`. GCC from the base system is used when it satisfies the requested version, otherwise an appropriate compiler is built from ports, and `CC` and `CXX` are adjusted accordingly. The `:build` argument following the version specifier adds only a build time dependency to the port. For example:
    USE_GCC=yes		# port requires a current version of GCC
    USE_GCC=11+:build	# port requires GCC 11 or later at build time only
| `USE_GCC=any` is deprecated and should not be used in new ports

Variables related to gmake and configure are described in Building Mechanisms, while autoconf, automake and libtool are described in Using GNU Autotools. Perl related variables are described in Using Perl. X11 variables are listed in Using X11. Using Gnome deals with GNOME and Using KDE with KDE related variables. Using Java documents Java variables, while Web Applications contains information on Apache, PHP and PEAR modules. Python is discussed in Using Python, while Ruby in Using Ruby. Using SDL provides variables used for SDL applications and finally, Using Xfce contains information on Xfce.

#### 5.9.9. Minimal Version of a Dependency

A minimal version of a dependency can be specified in any `*_DEPENDS` except `LIB_DEPENDS` using this syntax:

    p5-Spiffy>=0.26:devel/p5-Spiffy

The first field contains a dependent package name, which must match the entry in the package database, a comparison sign, and a package version. The dependency is satisfied if p5-Spiffy-0.26 or newer is installed on the machine.

#### 5.9.10. Notes on Dependencies

As mentioned above, the default target to call when a dependency is required is `DEPENDS_TARGET`. It defaults to `install`. This is a user variable; it is never defined in a port’s Makefile. If the port needs a special way to handle a dependency, use the `:target` part of `*_DEPENDS` instead of redefining `DEPENDS_TARGET`.

When running `make clean`, the port dependencies are automatically cleaned too. If this is not desirable, define `NOCLEANDEPENDS` in the environment. This may be particularly desirable if the port has something that takes a long time to rebuild in its dependency list, such as KDE, GNOME or Mozilla.

To depend on another port unconditionally, use the variable `${NONEXISTENT}` as the first field of `BUILD_DEPENDS` or `RUN_DEPENDS`. Use this only when the source of the other port is needed. Compilation time can be saved by specifying the target too. For instance

    BUILD_DEPENDS=	${NONEXISTENT}:graphics/jpeg:extract

will always descend to the `jpeg` port and extract it.

#### 5.9.11. Circular Dependencies Are Fatal

| Do not introduce any circular dependencies into the ports tree!

The ports building technology does not tolerate circular dependencies. If one is introduced, someone, somewhere in the world, will have their FreeBSD installation broken almost immediately, with many others quickly to follow. These can really be hard to detect. If in doubt, before making that change, make sure to run: `cd /usr/ports; make index`. That process can be quite slow on older machines, but it may be able to save a large number of people, including yourself, a lot of grief in the process.

#### 5.9.12. Problems Caused by Automatic Dependencies

Dependencies must be declared either explicitly or by using the OPTIONS framework. Using other methods like automatic detection complicates indexing, which causes problems for port and package management.

例 42. Wrong Declaration of an Optional Dependency

    .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>

    .if exists(${LOCALBASE}/bin/foo)
    LIB_DEPENDS=	libbar.so:foo/bar
    .endif

The problem with trying to automatically add dependencies is that files and settings outside an individual port can change at any time. For example: an index is built, then a batch of ports are installed. But one of the ports installs the tested file. The index is now incorrect, because an installed port unexpectedly has a new dependency. The index may still be wrong even after rebuilding if other ports also determine their need for dependencies based on the existence of other files.

例 43. Correct Declaration of an Optional Dependency

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	BAR
    BAR_DESC=	Calling cellphones via bar

    BAR_LIB_DEPENDS=	libbar.so:foo/bar

Testing option variables is the correct method. It will not cause inconsistencies in the index of a batch of ports, provided the options were defined prior to the index build. Simple scripts can then be used to automate the building, installation, and updating of these ports and their packages.

### 5.10. Slave Ports and `MASTERDIR`

If the port needs to build slightly different versions of packages by having a variable (for instance, resolution, or paper size) take different values, create one subdirectory per package to make it easier for users to see what to do, but try to share as many files as possible between ports. Typically, by using variables cleverly, only a very short Makefile is needed in all but one of the directories. In the sole Makefile, use `MASTERDIR` to specify the directory where the rest of the files are. Also, use a variable as part of `PKGNAMESUFFIX` so the packages will have different names.

This will be best demonstrated by an example. This is part of print/pkfonts300/Makefile;

    PORTNAME=	pkfonts${RESOLUTION}
    PORTVERSION=	1.0
    DISTFILES=	pk${RESOLUTION}.tar.gz

    PLIST=		${PKGDIR}/pkg-plist.${RESOLUTION}

    .if !defined(RESOLUTION)
    RESOLUTION=	300
    .else
    .if ${RESOLUTION} != 118 && ${RESOLUTION} != 240 && \
    	${RESOLUTION} != 300 && ${RESOLUTION} != 360 && \
    	${RESOLUTION} != 400 && ${RESOLUTION} != 600
    .BEGIN:
    	@${ECHO_MSG} "Error: invalid value for RESOLUTION: \"${RESOLUTION}\""
    	@${ECHO_MSG} "Possible values are: 118, 240, 300, 360, 400 and 600."
    	@${FALSE}
    .endif
    .endif

print/pkfonts300 also has all the regular patches, package files, etc. Running `make` there, it will take the default value for the resolution (300) and build the port normally.

As for other resolutions, this is the entire print/pkfonts360/Makefile:

    RESOLUTION=	360
    MASTERDIR=	${.CURDIR}/../pkfonts300

    .include	"${MASTERDIR}/Makefile"

(print/pkfonts118/Makefile, print/pkfonts600/Makefile, and all the other are similar). `MASTERDIR` definition tells bsd.port.mk that the regular set of subdirectories like `FILESDIR` and `SCRIPTDIR` are to be found under pkfonts300. The `RESOLUTION=360` line will override the `RESOLUTION=300` line in pkfonts300/Makefile and the port will be built with resolution set to 360.

### 5.11. Man Pages

If the port anchors its man tree somewhere other than `PREFIX`, use `MANDIRS` to specify those directories. Note that the files corresponding to manual pages must be placed in pkg-plist along with the rest of the files. The purpose of `MANDIRS` is to enable automatic compression of manual pages, therefore the file names are suffixed with .gz.

### 5.12. Info Files

If the package needs to install GNU info files, list them in `INFO` (without the trailing `.info`), one entry per document. These files are assumed to be installed to PREFIX/INFO_PATH. Change `INFO_PATH` if the package uses a different location. However, this is not recommended. These entries contain just the path relative to PREFIX/INFO_PATH. For example, lang/gcc34 installs info files to PREFIX/INFO_PATH/gcc34, and `INFO` will be something like this:

    INFO=	gcc34/cpp gcc34/cppinternals gcc34/g77 ...

Appropriate installation/de-installation code will be automatically added to the temporary pkg-plist before package registration.

### 5.13. Makefile Options

Many applications can be built with optional or differing configurations. Examples include choice of natural (human) language, GUI versus command-line, or type of database to support. Users may need a different configuration than the default, so the ports system provides hooks the port author can use to control which variant will be built. Supporting these options properly will make users happy, and effectively provide two or more ports for the price of one.

#### 5.13.1. `OPTIONS`

##### 5.13.1.1. Background

`OPTIONS_*` give the user installing the port a dialog showing the available options, and then saves those options to ${PORT_DBDIR}/${OPTIONS_NAME}/options. The next time the port is built, the options are reused. `PORT_DBDIR` defaults to /var/db/ports. `OPTIONS_NAME` is to the port origin with an underscore as the space separator, for example, for dns/bind99 it will be `dns_bind99`.

When the user runs `make config` (or runs `make build` for the first time), the framework checks for ${PORT_DBDIR}/${OPTIONS_NAME}/options. If that file does not exist, the values of `OPTIONS_*` are used, and a dialog box is displayed where the options can be enabled or disabled. Then options is saved and the configured variables are used when building the port.

If a new version of the port adds new `OPTIONS`, the dialog will be presented to the user with the saved values of old `OPTIONS` prefilled.

`make showconfig` shows the saved configuration. Use `make rmconfig` to remove the saved configuration.

##### 5.13.1.2. Syntax

`OPTIONS_DEFINE` contains a list of `OPTIONS` to be used. These are independent of each other and are not grouped:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2

Once defined, `OPTIONS` are described (optional, but strongly recommended):

    OPT1_DESC=	Describe OPT1
    OPT2_DESC=	Describe OPT2
    OPT3_DESC=	Describe OPT3
    OPT4_DESC=	Describe OPT4
    OPT5_DESC=	Describe OPT5
    OPT6_DESC=	Describe OPT6

ports/Mk/bsd.options.desc.mk has descriptions for many common `OPTIONS`. While often useful, override them if the description is insufficient for the port.

| When describing options, view it from the perspective of the user: "What functionality does it change?" and "Why would I want to enable this?" Do not just repeat the name. For example, describing the `NLS` option as "include NLS support" does not help the user, who can already see the option name but may not know what it means. Describing it as "Native Language Support via gettext utilities" is much more helpful.

| Option names are always in all uppercase. They cannot use mixed case or lowercase.

`OPTIONS` can be grouped as radio choices, where only one choice from each group is allowed:

    OPTIONS_SINGLE=		SG1
    OPTIONS_SINGLE_SG1=	OPT3 OPT4

| There must be one of each `OPTIONS_SINGLE` group selected at all times for the options to be valid. One option of each group must be added to `OPTIONS_DEFAULT`.

`OPTIONS` can be grouped as radio choices, where none or only one choice from each group is allowed:

    OPTIONS_RADIO=		RG1
    OPTIONS_RADIO_RG1=	OPT7 OPT8

`OPTIONS` can also be grouped as "multiple-choice" lists, where at least one option must be enabled:

    OPTIONS_MULTI=		MG1
    OPTIONS_MULTI_MG1=	OPT5 OPT6

`OPTIONS` can also be grouped as "multiple-choice" lists, where none or any option can be enabled:

    OPTIONS_GROUP=		GG1
    OPTIONS_GROUP_GG1=	OPT9 OPT10

`OPTIONS` are unset by default, unless they are listed in `OPTIONS_DEFAULT`:

    OPTIONS_DEFAULT=	OPT1 OPT3 OPT6

`OPTIONS` definitions must appear before the inclusion of bsd.port.options.mk. `PORT_OPTIONS` values can only be tested after the inclusion of bsd.port.options.mk. Inclusion of bsd.port.pre.mk can be used instead, too, and is still widely used in ports written before the introduction of bsd.port.options.mk. But be aware that some variables will not work as expected after the inclusion of bsd.port.pre.mk, typically some `USE_*` flags.

例 44. Simple Use of `OPTIONS`

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	FOO BAR
    OPTIONS_DEFAULT=FOO

    FOO_DESC=	Option foo support
    BAR_DESC=	Feature bar support

    # Will add --with-foo / --without-foo
    FOO_CONFIGURE_WITH=	foo
    BAR_RUN_DEPENDS=	bar:bar/bar

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

例 45. Check for Unset Port `OPTIONS`

    .if ! ${PORT_OPTIONS:MEXAMPLES}
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=--without-examples
    .endif

The form shown above is discouraged. The preferred method is using a configure knob to really enable and disable the feature to match the option:

    # Will add --with-examples / --without-examples
    EXAMPLES_CONFIGURE_WITH=	examples

例 46. Practical Use of `OPTIONS`

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=		EXAMPLES
    OPTIONS_DEFAULT=	PGSQL LDAP SSL

    OPTIONS_SINGLE=		BACKEND
    OPTIONS_SINGLE_BACKEND=	MYSQL PGSQL BDB

    OPTIONS_MULTI=		AUTH
    OPTIONS_MULTI_AUTH=	LDAP PAM SSL

    EXAMPLES_DESC=		Install extra examples
    MYSQL_DESC=		Use MySQL as backend
    PGSQL_DESC=		Use PostgreSQL as backend
    BDB_DESC=		Use Berkeley DB as backend
    LDAP_DESC=		Build with LDAP authentication support
    PAM_DESC=		Build with PAM support
    SSL_DESC=		Build with OpenSSL support

    # Will add USE_PGSQL=yes
    PGSQL_USE=	pgsql=yes
    # Will add --enable-postgres / --disable-postgres
    PGSQL_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	postgres

    ICU_LIB_DEPENDS=	libicuuc.so:devel/icu

    # Will add --with-examples / --without-examples
    EXAMPLES_CONFIGURE_WITH=	examples

    # Check other OPTIONS

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

##### 5.13.1.3. Default Options

These options are always on by default.

- `DOCS` - build and install documentation.

- `NLS` - Native Language Support.

- `EXAMPLES` - build and install examples.

- `IPV6` - IPv6 protocol support.

| There is no need to add these to `OPTIONS_DEFAULT`. To have them active, and show up in the options selection dialog, however, they must be added to `OPTIONS_DEFINE`.

#### 5.13.2. Feature Auto-Activation

When using a GNU configure script, keep an eye on which optional features are activated by auto-detection. Explicitly disable optional features that are not needed by adding `--without-xxx` or `--disable-xxx` in `CONFIGURE_ARGS`.

例 47. Wrong Handling of an Option

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MFOO}
    LIB_DEPENDS+=		libfoo.so:devel/foo
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--enable-foo
    .endif

In the example above, imagine a library libfoo is installed on the system. The user does not want this application to use libfoo, so he toggled the option off in the `make config` dialog. But the application’s configure script detects the library present in the system and includes its support in the resulting executable. Now when the user decides to remove libfoo from the system, the ports system does not protest (no dependency on libfoo was recorded) but the application breaks.

例 48. Correct Handling of an Option

    FOO_LIB_DEPENDS=		libfoo.so:devel/foo
    # Will add --enable-foo / --disable-foo
    FOO_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	foo

| Under some circumstances, the shorthand conditional syntax can cause problems with complex constructs. The errors are usually `Malformed conditional`, an alternative syntax can be used.
    .if !empty(VARIABLE:MVALUE)
as an alternative to
    .if ${VARIABLE:MVALUE}

#### 5.13.3. Options Helpers

There are some macros to help simplify conditional values which differ based on the options set. For easier access, a comprehensive list is provided:

`PLIST_SUB`, `SUB_LIST`

  For automatic `%%OPT%%` and `%%NOOPT%%` generation, see `OPTIONS_SUB`.

  For more complex usage, see Generic Variables Replacement, `OPT_VARIABLE` and `OPT_VARIABLE_OFF`.

`CONFIGURE_ARGS`

  For `--enable-x` and `--disable-x`, see `OPT_CONFIGURE_ENABLE`.

  For `--with-x` and `--without-x`, see `OPT_CONFIGURE_WITH`.

  For all other cases, see `OPT_CONFIGURE_ON` and `OPT_CONFIGURE_OFF`.

`CMAKE_ARGS`

  For arguments that are booleans (`on`, `off`, `true`, `false`, `0`, `1`) see `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL` and `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL_OFF`.

  For all other cases, see `OPT_CMAKE_ON` and `OPT_CMAKE_OFF`.

`MESON_ARGS`

  For arguments that take `true` or `false`, see `OPT_MESON_TRUE` and `OPT_MESON_FALSE`.

  For arguments that take `yes` or `no`, use `OPT_MESON_YES` and `OPT_MESON_NO`.

  For arguments that take `enabled` or `disabled`, see `OPT_MESON_ENABLED` and `OPT_MESON_DISABLED`.

  For all other cases, use `OPT_MESON_ON` and `OPT_MESON_OFF`.

`QMAKE_ARGS`

  See `OPT_QMAKE_ON` and `OPT_QMAKE_OFF`.

`USE_*`

  See `OPT_USE` and `OPT_USE_OFF`.

`*_DEPENDS`

  See Dependencies, `OPT_DEPTYPE` and `OPT_DEPTYPE_OFF`.

`*` (Any variable)

  The most used variables have direct helpers, see Generic Variables Replacement, `OPT_VARIABLE` and `OPT_VARIABLE_OFF`.

  For any variable without a specific helper, see `OPT_VARS` and `OPT_VARS_OFF`.

Options dependencies

  When an option need another option to work, see `OPT_IMPLIES`.

Options conflicts

  When an option cannot work if another is also enabled, see `OPT_PREVENTS` and `OPT_PREVENTS_MSG`.

Build targets

  When an option need some extra processing, see Additional Build Targets, `target-OPT-on` and `target-OPT-off`.

##### 5.13.3.1. `OPTIONS_SUB`

If `OPTIONS_SUB` is set to `yes` then each of the options added to `OPTIONS_DEFINE` will be added to `PLIST_SUB` and `SUB_LIST`, for example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPTIONS_SUB=	yes

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    PLIST_SUB+=	OPT1="" NO_OPT1="@comment "
    SUB_LIST+=	OPT1="" NO_OPT1="@comment "
    .else
    PLIST_SUB+=	OPT1="@comment " NO_OPT1=""
    SUB_LIST+=	OPT1="@comment " NO_OPT1=""
    .endif

| The value of `OPTIONS_SUB` is ignored. Setting it to any value will add `PLIST_SUB` and `SUB_LIST` entries for all options.

##### 5.13.3.2. `OPT_USE` and `OPT_USE_OFF`

When option OPT is selected, for each `key=value` pair in `OPT_USE`, value is appended to the corresponding `USE_KEY`. If value has spaces in it, replace them with commas and they will be changed back to spaces during processing. `OPT_USE_OFF` works the same way, but when `OPT` is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_USES=	xorg
    OPT1_USE=	mysql=yes xorg=x11,xextproto,xext,xrandr
    OPT1_USE_OFF=	openssl=yes

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    USE_MYSQL=	yes
    USES+=		xorg
    USE_XORG=	x11 xextproto xext xrandr
    .else
    USE_OPENSSL=	yes
    .endif

##### 5.13.3.3. `CONFIGURE_ARGS` Helpers

###### 5.13.3.3.1. `OPT_CONFIGURE_ENABLE`

When option OPT is selected, for each entry in `OPT_CONFIGURE_ENABLE` then `--enable-entry` is appended to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`. When option OPT is not selected, `--disable-entry` is appended to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`. An optional argument can be specified with an `=` symbol. This argument is only appended to the `--enable-entry` configure option. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2
    OPT1_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	test1 test2
    OPT2_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	test2=exhaustive

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--enable-test1 --enable-test2
    .else
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--disable-test1 --disable-test2
    .endif

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT2}
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--enable-test2=exhaustive
    .else
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--disable-test2
    .endif

###### 5.13.3.3.2. `OPT_CONFIGURE_WITH`

When option OPT is selected, for each entry in `OPT_CONFIGURE_WITH` then `--with-_entry` is appended to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`. When option OPT is not selected, `--without-entry` is appended to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`. An optional argument can be specified with an `=` symbol. This argument is only appended to the `--with-entry` configure option. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2
    OPT1_CONFIGURE_WITH=	test1
    OPT2_CONFIGURE_WITH=	test2=exhaustive

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--with-test1
    .else
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--without-test1
    .endif

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT2}
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--with-test2=exhaustive
    .else
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--without-test2
    .endif

###### 5.13.3.3.3. `OPT_CONFIGURE_ON` and `OPT_CONFIGURE_OFF`

When option OPT is selected, the value of `OPT_CONFIGURE_ON`, if defined, is appended to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`. `OPT_CONFIGURE_OFF` works the same way, but when `OPT` is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_CONFIGURE_ON=	--add-test
    OPT1_CONFIGURE_OFF=	--no-test

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--add-test
    .else
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--no-test
    .endif

| Most of the time, the helpers in `OPT_CONFIGURE_ENABLE` and `OPT_CONFIGURE_WITH` provide a shorter and more comprehensive functionality.

##### 5.13.3.4. `CMAKE_ARGS` Helpers

###### 5.13.3.4.1. `OPT_CMAKE_ON` and `OPT_CMAKE_OFF`

When option OPT is selected, the value of `OPT_CMAKE_ON`, if defined, is appended to `CMAKE_ARGS`. `OPT_CMAKE_OFF` works the same way, but when `OPT` is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_CMAKE_ON=	-DTEST:BOOL=true -DDEBUG:BOOL=true
    OPT1_CMAKE_OFF=	-DOPTIMIZE:BOOL=true

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    CMAKE_ARGS+=	-DTEST:BOOL=true -DDEBUG:BOOL=true
    .else
    CMAKE_ARGS+=	-DOPTIMIZE:BOOL=true
    .endif

| See `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL` and `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL_OFF` for a shorter helper when the value is boolean.

###### 5.13.3.4.2. `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL` and `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL_OFF`

When option OPT is selected, for each entry in `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL` then `-D_entry_:BOOL=true` is appended to `CMAKE_ARGS`. When option OPT is not selected, `-D_entry_:BOOL=false` is appended to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`. `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL_OFF` is the opposite, `-D_entry_:BOOL=false` is appended to `CMAKE_ARGS` when the option is selected, and `-D_entry_:BOOL=true` when the option is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_CMAKE_BOOL=	TEST DEBUG
    OPT1_CMAKE_BOOL_OFF=	OPTIMIZE

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    CMAKE_ARGS+=	-DTEST:BOOL=true -DDEBUG:BOOL=true \
    		-DOPTIMIZE:BOOL=false
    .else
    CMAKE_ARGS+=	-DTEST:BOOL=false -DDEBUG:BOOL=false \
    		-DOPTIMIZE:BOOL=true
    .endif

##### 5.13.3.5. `MESON_ARGS` Helpers

###### 5.13.3.5.1. `OPT_MESON_ON` and `OPT_MESON_OFF`

When option OPT is selected, the value of `OPT_MESON_ON`, if defined, is appended to `MESON_ARGS`. `OPT_MESON_OFF` works the same way, but when `OPT` is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_MESON_ON=	-Dopt=1
    OPT1_MESON_OFF=	-Dopt=2

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    MESON_ARGS+=	-Dopt=1
    .else
    MESON_ARGS+=	-Dopt=2
    .endif

###### 5.13.3.5.2. `OPT_MESON_TRUE` and `OPT_MESON_FALSE`

When option OPT is selected, for each entry in `OPT_MESON_TRUE` then `-D_entry_=true` is appended to `MESON_ARGS`. When option OPT is not selected, `-D_entry_=false` is appended to `MESON_ARGS`. `OPT_MESON_FALSE` is the opposite, `-D_entry_=false` is appended to `MESON_ARGS` when the option is selected, and `-D_entry_=true` when the option is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_MESON_TRUE=	test debug
    OPT1_MESON_FALSE=	optimize

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    MESON_ARGS+=	-Dtest=true -Ddebug=true \
    		-Doptimize=false
    .else
    MESON_ARGS+=	-Dtest=false -Ddebug=false \
    		-Doptimize=true
    .endif

###### 5.13.3.5.3. `OPT_MESON_YES` and `OPT_MESON_NO`

When option OPT is selected, for each entry in `OPT_MESON_YES` then `-D_entry_=yes` is appended to `MESON_ARGS`. When option OPT is not selected, `-D_entry_=no` is appended to `MESON_ARGS`. `OPT_MESON_NO` is the opposite, `-D_entry_=no` is appended to `MESON_ARGS` when the option is selected, and `-D_entry_=yes` when the option is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_MESON_YES=	test debug
    OPT1_MESON_NO=	optimize

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    MESON_ARGS+=	-Dtest=yes -Ddebug=yes \
    		-Doptimize=no
    .else
    MESON_ARGS+=	-Dtest=no -Ddebug=no \
    		-Doptimize=yes
    .endif

###### 5.13.3.5.4. `OPT_MESON_ENABLED` and `OPT_MESON_DISABLED`

When option OPT is selected, for each entry in `OPT_MESON_ENABLED` then `-D_entry_=enabled` is appended to `MESON_ARGS`. When option OPT is not selected, `-D_entry_=disabled` is appended to `MESON_ARGS`. `OPT_MESON_DISABLED` is the opposite, `-D_entry_=disabled` is appended to `MESON_ARGS` when the option is selected, and `-D_entry_=enabled` when the option is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_MESON_ENABLED=	test
    OPT1_MESON_DISABLED=	debug

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    MESON_ARGS+=	-Dtest=enabled -Ddebug=disabled
    .else
    MESON_ARGS+=	-Dtest=disabled -Ddebug=enabled
    .endif

##### 5.13.3.6. `OPT_QMAKE_ON` and `OPT_QMAKE_OFF`

When option OPT is selected, the value of `OPT_QMAKE_ON`, if defined, is appended to `QMAKE_ARGS`. `OPT_QMAKE_OFF` works the same way, but when `OPT` is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_QMAKE_ON=	-DTEST:BOOL=true
    OPT1_QMAKE_OFF=	-DPRODUCTION:BOOL=true

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    QMAKE_ARGS+=	-DTEST:BOOL=true
    .else
    QMAKE_ARGS+=	-DPRODUCTION:BOOL=true
    .endif

##### 5.13.3.7. `OPT_IMPLIES`

Provides a way to add dependencies between options.

When OPT is selected, all the options listed in this variable will be selected too. Using the `OPT_CONFIGURE_ENABLE` described earlier to illustrate:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2
    OPT1_IMPLIES=	OPT2

    OPT1_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	opt1
    OPT2_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	opt2

Is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--enable-opt1
    .else
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--disable-opt1
    .endif

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT2} || ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--enable-opt2
    .else
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--disable-opt2
    .endif

例 49. Simple Use of `OPT_IMPLIES`

This port has a `X11` option, and a `GNOME` option that needs the `X11` option to be selected to build.

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	X11 GNOME
    OPTIONS_DEFAULT=	X11

    X11_USES=	xorg
    X11_USE=	xorg=xi,xextproto
    GNOME_USE=	gnome=gtk30
    GNOME_IMPLIES=	X11

##### 5.13.3.8. `OPT_PREVENTS` and `OPT_PREVENTS_MSG`

Provides a way to add conflicts between options.

When OPT is selected, all the options listed in `OPT_PREVENTS` must be un-selected. If `OPT_PREVENTS_MSG` is set and a conflict is triggered, its content will be shown explaining why they conflict. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2
    OPT1_PREVENTS=	OPT2
    OPT1_PREVENTS_MSG=	OPT1 and OPT2 enable conflicting options

Is roughly equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT2} && ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    BROKEN=	Option OPT1 conflicts with OPT2 (select only one)
    .endif

The only difference is that the first one will write an error after running `make config`, suggesting changing the selected options.

例 50. Simple Use of `OPT_PREVENTS`

This port has `X509` and `SCTP` options. Both options add patches, but the patches conflict with each other, so they cannot be selected at the same time.

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	X509 SCTP

    SCTP_PATCHFILES=	${PORTNAME}-6.8p1-sctp-2573.patch.gz:-p1
    SCTP_CONFIGURE_WITH=	sctp

    X509_PATCH_SITES=	http://www.roumenpetrov.info/openssh/x509/:x509
    X509_PATCHFILES=	${PORTNAME}-7.0p1+x509-8.5.diff.gz:-p1:x509
    X509_PREVENTS=		SCTP
    X509_PREVENTS_MSG=	X509 and SCTP patches conflict

##### 5.13.3.9. `OPT_VARS` and `OPT_VARS_OFF`

Provides a generic way to set and append to variables.

| Before using `OPT_VARS` and `OPT_VARS_OFF`, see if there is already a more specific helper available in Generic Variables Replacement, `OPT_VARIABLE` and `OPT_VARIABLE_OFF`.

When option OPT is selected, and `OPT_VARS` defined, `key=value` and `key+=value` pairs are evaluated from `OPT_VARS`. An `=` cause the existing value of `KEY` to be overwritten, an `+=` appends to the value. `OPT_VARS_OFF` works the same way, but when `OPT` is not selected.

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2 OPT3
    OPT1_VARS=	also_build+=bin1
    OPT2_VARS=	also_build+=bin2
    OPT3_VARS=	bin3_build=yes
    OPT3_VARS_OFF=	bin3_build=no

    MAKE_ARGS=	ALSO_BUILD="${ALSO_BUILD}" BIN3_BUILD="${BIN3_BUILD}"

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1 OPT2

    MAKE_ARGS=	ALSO_BUILD="${ALSO_BUILD}" BIN3_BUILD="${BIN3_BUILD}"

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    ALSO_BUILD+=	bin1
    .endif

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT2}
    ALSO_BUILD+=	bin2
    .endif

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT2}
    BIN3_BUILD=	yes
    .else
    BIN3_BUILD=	no
    .endif

| Values containing whitespace must be enclosed in quotes:
    OPT_VARS=	foo="bar baz"
This is due to the way make(1) variable expansion deals with whitespace. When `OPT_VARS= foo=bar baz` is expanded, the variable ends up containing two strings, `foo=bar` and `baz`. But the submitter probably intended there to be only one string, `foo=bar baz`. Quoting the value prevents whitespace from being used as a delimiter. Also, do not add extra spaces after the `var=` sign and before the value, it would also be split into two strings. This will not work:
    OPT_VARS=	foo=	bar

##### 5.13.3.10. Dependencies, `OPT_DEPTYPE` and `OPT_DEPTYPE_OFF`

For any of these dependency types:

- `PKG_DEPENDS`

- `EXTRACT_DEPENDS`

- `PATCH_DEPENDS`

- `FETCH_DEPENDS`

- `BUILD_DEPENDS`

- `LIB_DEPENDS`

- `RUN_DEPENDS`

When option OPT is selected, the value of `OPT_DEPTYPE`, if defined, is appended to `DEPTYPE`. `OPT_DEPTYPE_OFF` works the same, but when `OPT` is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_LIB_DEPENDS=	liba.so:devel/a
    OPT1_LIB_DEPENDS_OFF=	libb.so:devel/b

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    LIB_DEPENDS+=	liba.so:devel/a
    .else
    LIB_DEPENDS+=	libb.so:devel/b
    .endif

##### 5.13.3.11. Generic Variables Replacement, `OPT_VARIABLE` and `OPT_VARIABLE_OFF`

For any of these variables:

- `ALL_TARGET`

- `BINARY_ALIAS`

- `BROKEN`

- `CATEGORIES`

- `CFLAGS`

- `CONFIGURE_ENV`

- `CONFLICTS`

- `CONFLICTS_BUILD`

- `CONFLICTS_INSTALL`

- `CPPFLAGS`

- `CXXFLAGS`

- `DESKTOP_ENTRIES`

- `DISTFILES`

- `EXTRACT_ONLY`

- `EXTRA_PATCHES`

- `GH_ACCOUNT`

- `GH_PROJECT`

- `GH_SUBDIR`

- `GH_TAGNAME`

- `GH_TUPLE`

- `GL_ACCOUNT`

- `GL_COMMIT`

- `GL_PROJECT`

- `GL_SITE`

- `GL_SUBDIR`

- `GL_TUPLE`

- `IGNORE`

- `INFO`

- `INSTALL_TARGET`

- `LDFLAGS`

- `LIBS`

- `MAKE_ARGS`

- `MAKE_ENV`

- `MASTER_SITES`

- `PATCHFILES`

- `PATCH_SITES`

- `PLIST_DIRS`

- `PLIST_FILES`

- `PLIST_SUB`

- `PORTDOCS`

- `PORTEXAMPLES`

- `SUB_FILES`

- `SUB_LIST`

- `TEST_TARGET`

- `USES`

When option OPT is selected, the value of `OPT_ABOVEVARIABLE`, if defined, is appended to `ABOVEVARIABLE`. `OPT_ABOVEVARIABLE_OFF` works the same way, but when `OPT` is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1
    OPT1_USES=	gmake
    OPT1_CFLAGS_OFF=	-DTEST

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    USES+=		gmake
    .else
    CFLAGS+=	-DTEST
    .endif

| Some variables are not in this list, in particular `PKGNAMEPREFIX` and `PKGNAMESUFFIX`. This is intentional. A port must not change its name when its option set changes.

| Some of these variables, at least `ALL_TARGET`, `DISTFILES` and `INSTALL_TARGET`, have their default values set after the options are processed. With these lines in the Makefile:
    ALL_TARGET=	all

    DOCS_ALL_TARGET=	doc
If the `DOCS` option is enabled, `ALL_TARGET` will have a final value of `all doc`; if the option is disabled, it would have a value of `all`. With only the options helper line in the Makefile:
    DOCS_ALL_TARGET=	doc
If the `DOCS` option is enabled, `ALL_TARGET` will have a final value of `doc`; if the option is disabled, it would have a value of `all`.

##### 5.13.3.12. Additional Build Targets, `target-OPT-on` and `target-OPT-off`

These Makefile targets can accept optional extra build targets:

- `pre-fetch`

- `do-fetch`

- `post-fetch`

- `pre-extract`

- `do-extract`

- `post-extract`

- `pre-patch`

- `do-patch`

- `post-patch`

- `pre-configure`

- `do-configure`

- `post-configure`

- `pre-build`

- `do-build`

- `post-build`

- `pre-install`

- `do-install`

- `post-install`

- `post-stage`

- `pre-package`

- `do-package`

- `post-package`

When option OPT is selected, the target `TARGET-OPT-on`, if defined, is executed after `TARGET`. `TARGET-OPT-off` works the same way, but when `OPT` is not selected. For example:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    post-patch-OPT1-on:
    	@${REINPLACE_CMD} -e '/opt1/s|/usr/bin/|${EXAMPLESDIR}/|' ${WRKSRC}/Makefile

    post-patch-OPT1-off:
    	@${REINPLACE_CMD} -e '/opt1/s|/usr/bin/|${PREFIX}/bin/|' ${WRKSRC}/Makefile

is equivalent to:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	OPT1

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    post-patch:
    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MOPT1}
    	@${REINPLACE_CMD} -e '/opt1/s|/usr/bin/|${EXAMPLESDIR}/|' ${WRKSRC}/Makefile
    .else
    	@${REINPLACE_CMD} -e '/opt1/s|/usr/bin/|${PREFIX}/bin/|' ${WRKSRC}/Makefile
    .endif

### 5.14. Specifying the Working Directory

Each port is extracted into a working directory, which must be writable. The ports system defaults to having `DISTFILES` unpack in to a directory called `${DISTNAME}`. In other words, if the Makefile has:

    PORTNAME=	foo
    DISTVERSION=	1.0

then the port’s distribution files contain a top-level directory, foo-1.0, and the rest of the files are located under that directory.

A number of variables can be overridden if that is not the case.

#### 5.14.1. `WRKSRC`

The variable lists the name of the directory that is created when the application’s distfiles are extracted. If our previous example extracted into a directory called foo (and not foo-1.0) write:

    WRKSRC=	${WRKDIR}/foo

or possibly

    WRKSRC=	${WRKDIR}/${PORTNAME}

#### 5.14.2. `WRKSRC_SUBDIR`

If the source files needed for the port are in a subdirectory of the extracted distribution file, set `WRKSRC_SUBDIR` to that directory.

    WRKSRC_SUBDIR=	src

#### 5.14.3. `NO_WRKSUBDIR`

If the port does not extract in to a subdirectory at all, then set `NO_WRKSUBDIR` to indicate that.

    NO_WRKSUBDIR=	yes

| Because `WRKDIR` is the only directory that is supposed to be writable during the build, and is used to store many files recording the status of the build, the port’s extraction will be forced into a subdirectory.

### 5.15. Conflict Handling

There are three different variables to register a conflict between packages and ports: `CONFLICTS`, `CONFLICTS_INSTALL` and `CONFLICTS_BUILD`.

| The conflict variables automatically set the variable `IGNORE`, which is more fully documented in Marking a Port Not Installable with `BROKEN`.

When removing one of several conflicting ports, it is advisable to retain `CONFLICTS` in those other ports for a few months to cater for users who only update once in a while.

`CONFLICTS_INSTALL`

  If the package cannot coexist with other packages (because of file conflicts, runtime incompatibilities, etc.). `CONFLICTS_INSTALL` check is done after the build stage and prior to the install stage.

`CONFLICTS_BUILD`

  If the port cannot be built when other specific ports are already installed. Build conflicts are not recorded in the resulting package.

`CONFLICTS`

  If the port cannot be built if a certain port is already installed and the resulting package cannot coexist with the other package. `CONFLICTS` check is done prior to the build stage and prior to the install stage.

The most common content of one of these variable is the package base of another port. The package base is the package name without the appended version, it can be obtained by running `make -V PKGBASE`.

例 51. Basic usage of `CONFLICTS*`

dns/bind99 cannot be installed if dns/bind910 is present because they install same files. First gather the package base to use:

    % make -C dns/bind99 -V PKGBASE
    bind99
    % make -C dns/bind910 -V PKGBASE
    bind910

Then add to the Makefile of dns/bind99:

    CONFLICTS_INSTALL=	bind910

And add to the Makefile of dns/bind910:

    CONFLICTS_INSTALL=	bind99

Sometimes, only certain versions of another port are incompatible. When this is the case, use the full package name including the version. If necessary, use shell globs like `*` and `?` so that all necessary versions are matched.

例 52. Using `CONFLICTS*` With Globs.

From versions from 2.0 and up-to 2.4.1_2, deskutils/gnotime used to install a bundled version of databases/qof.

To reflect this past, the Makefile of databases/qof contains:

    CONFLICTS_INSTALL=	gnotime-2.[0-3]* \
    			gnotime-2.4.0* gnotime-2.4.1 \
    			gnotime-2.4.1_[12]

The first entry match versions `2.0` through `2.3`, the second all the revisions of `2.4.0`, the third the exact `2.4.1` version, and the last the first and second revisions of the `2.4.1` version.

deskutils/gnotime does not have any conflicts line because its current version does not conflict with anything else.

The variable `DISABLE_CONFLICTS` may be temporarily set when making targets that are not affected by conflicts. The variable is not to be set in port Makefiles.

    % make -DDISABLE_CONFLICTS patch

### 5.16. Installing Files

| The `install` phase is very important to the end user because it adds files to their system. All the additional commands run in the port Makefile's `*-install` targets should be echoed to the screen. Do not silence these commands with `@` or `.SILENT`.

#### 5.16.1. `INSTALL_*` Macros

Use the macros provided in bsd.port.mk to ensure correct modes of files in the port’s `*-install` targets. Set ownership directly in pkg-plist with the corresponding entries, such as `@(owner,group,)`, `@owner owner`, and `@group group`. These operators work until overridden, or until the end of pkg-plist, so remember to reset them after they are no longer needed. The default ownership is `root:wheel`. See Base Keywords for more information.

- `INSTALL_PROGRAM` is a command to install binary executables.

- `INSTALL_SCRIPT` is a command to install executable scripts.

- `INSTALL_LIB` is a command to install shared libraries (but not static libraries).

- `INSTALL_KLD` is a command to install kernel loadable modules. Some architectures do not like having the modules stripped, so use this command instead of `INSTALL_PROGRAM`.

- `INSTALL_DATA` is a command to install sharable data, including static libraries.

- `INSTALL_MAN` is a command to install manpages and other documentation (it does not compress anything).

These variables are set to the install(1) command with the appropriate flags for each situation.

| Do not use `INSTALL_LIB` to install static libraries, because stripping them renders them useless. Use `INSTALL_DATA` instead.

#### 5.16.2. Stripping Binaries and Shared Libraries

Installed binaries should be stripped. Do not strip binaries manually unless absolutely required. The `INSTALL_PROGRAM` macro installs and strips a binary at the same time. The `INSTALL_LIB` macro does the same thing to shared libraries.

When a file must be stripped, but neither `INSTALL_PROGRAM` nor `INSTALL_LIB` macros are desirable, `${STRIP_CMD}` strips the program or shared library. This is typically done within the `post-install` target. For example:

    post-install:
    	${STRIP_CMD} ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/xdl

When multiple files need to be stripped:

    post-install:
    .for l in geometry media body track world
    	${STRIP_CMD} ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/lib/lib${PORTNAME}-${l}.so.0
    .endfor

Use file(1) on a file to determine if it has been stripped. Binaries are reported by file(1) as `stripped`, or `not stripped`. Additionally, strip(1) will detect programs that have already been stripped and exit cleanly.

| When `WITH_DEBUG` is defined, elf files must not be stripped. The variables (`STRIP_CMD`, `INSTALL_PROGRAM`, `INSTALL_LIB`, …​) and `USES` provided by the framework handle this automatically. Some software, add `-s` to their `LDFLAGS`, in this case, either remove `-s` if `WITH_DEBUG` is set, or remove it unconditionally and use `STRIP_CMD` in `post-install`.

#### 5.16.3. Installing a Whole Tree of Files

Sometimes, a large number of files must be installed while preserving their hierarchical organization. For example, copying over a whole directory tree from `WRKSRC` to a target directory under `PREFIX`. Note that `PREFIX`, `EXAMPLESDIR`, `DATADIR`, and other path variables must always be prepended with `STAGEDIR` to respect staging (see Staging).

Two macros exist for this situation. The advantage of using these macros instead of `cp` is that they guarantee proper file ownership and permissions on target files. The first macro, `COPYTREE_BIN`, will set all the installed files to be executable, thus being suitable for installing into PREFIX/bin. The second macro, `COPYTREE_SHARE`, does not set executable permissions on files, and is therefore suitable for installing files under PREFIX/share target.

    post-install:
    	${MKDIR} ${STAGEDIR}${EXAMPLESDIR}
    	(cd ${WRKSRC}/examples && ${COPYTREE_SHARE} . ${STAGEDIR}${EXAMPLESDIR})

This example will install the contents of the examples directory in the vendor distfile to the proper examples location of the port.

    post-install:
    	${MKDIR} ${STAGEDIR}${DATADIR}/summer
    	(cd ${WRKSRC}/temperatures && ${COPYTREE_SHARE} "June July August" ${STAGEDIR}${DATADIR}/summer)

And this example will install the data of summer months to the summer subdirectory of a DATADIR.

Additional `find` arguments can be passed via the third argument to `COPYTREE_*` macros. For example, to install all files from the first example except Makefiles, one can use these commands.

    post-install:
    	${MKDIR} ${STAGEDIR}${EXAMPLESDIR}
    	(cd ${WRKSRC}/examples && \
    	${COPYTREE_SHARE} . ${STAGEDIR}${EXAMPLESDIR} "! -name Makefile")

These macros do not add the installed files to pkg-plist. They must be added manually. For optional documentation (`PORTDOCS`, see Install Additional Documentation) and examples (`PORTEXAMPLES`), the `%%PORTDOCS%%` or `%%PORTEXAMPLES%%` prefixes must be prepended in pkg-plist.

#### 5.16.4. Install Additional Documentation

If the software has some documentation other than the standard man and info pages that is useful for the user, install it under `DOCSDIR`. This can be done, like the previous item, in the `post-install` target.

Create a new directory for the port. The directory name is `DOCSDIR`. This usually equals `PORTNAME`. However, if the user might want different versions of the port to be installed at the same time, the whole `PKGNAME` can be used.

Since only the files listed in pkg-plist are installed, it is safe to always install documentation to `STAGEDIR` (see Staging). Hence `.if` blocks are only needed when the installed files are large enough to cause significant I/O overhead.

    post-install:
    	${MKDIR} ${STAGEDIR}${DOCSDIR}
    	${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/docs/xvdocs.ps ${STAGEDIR}${DOCSDIR}

On the other hand, if there is a DOCS option in the port, install the documentation in a `post-install-DOCS-on` target. These targets are described in Additional Build Targets, `target-OPT-on` and `target-OPT-off`.

Here are some handy variables and how they are expanded by default when used in the Makefile:

- `DATADIR` gets expanded to PREFIX/shared/PORTNAME.

- `DATADIR_REL` gets expanded to share/PORTNAME.

- `DOCSDIR` gets expanded to PREFIX/shared/doc/PORTNAME.

- `DOCSDIR_REL` gets expanded to share/doc/PORTNAME.

- `EXAMPLESDIR` gets expanded to PREFIX/shared/examples/PORTNAME.

- `EXAMPLESDIR_REL` gets expanded to share/examples/PORTNAME.

| The `DOCS` option only controls additional documentation installed in `DOCSDIR`. It does not apply to standard man pages and info pages. Things installed in `EXAMPLESDIR` are controlled by the `EXAMPLES` option.

These variables are exported to `PLIST_SUB`. Their values will appear there as pathnames relative to PREFIX if possible. That is, share/doc/PORTNAME will be substituted for `%%DOCSDIR%%` in the packing list by default, and so on. (See more on pkg-plist substitution here.)

All conditionally installed documentation files and directories are included in pkg-plist with the `%%PORTDOCS%%` prefix, for example:

    %%PORTDOCS%%%%DOCSDIR%%/AUTHORS
    %%PORTDOCS%%%%DOCSDIR%%/CONTACT

As an alternative to enumerating the documentation files in pkg-plist, a port can set the variable `PORTDOCS` to a list of file names and shell glob patterns to add to the final packing list. The names will be relative to `DOCSDIR`. Therefore, a port that utilizes `PORTDOCS`, and uses a non-default location for its documentation, must set `DOCSDIR` accordingly. If a directory is listed in `PORTDOCS` or matched by a glob pattern from this variable, the entire subtree of contained files and directories will be registered in the final packing list. If the `DOCS` option has been unset then files and directories listed in `PORTDOCS` would not be installed or added to port packing list. Installing the documentation at `PORTDOCS` as shown above remains up to the port itself. A typical example of utilizing `PORTDOCS`:

    PORTDOCS=	README.* ChangeLog docs/*

| The equivalents of `PORTDOCS` for files installed under `DATADIR` and `EXAMPLESDIR` are `PORTDATA` and `PORTEXAMPLES`, respectively. The contents of pkg-message are displayed upon installation. See the section on using pkg-message for details. pkg-message does not need to be added to pkg-plist.

#### 5.16.5. Subdirectories Under `PREFIX`

Try to let the port put things in the right subdirectories of `PREFIX`. Some ports lump everything and put it in the subdirectory with the port’s name, which is incorrect. Also, many ports put everything except binaries, header files and manual pages in a subdirectory of lib, which does not work well with the BSD paradigm. Many of the files must be moved to one of these directories: etc (setup/configuration files), libexec (executables started internally), sbin (executables for superusers/managers), info (documentation for info browser) or share (architecture independent files). See hier(7) for details; the rules governing /usr pretty much apply to /usr/local too. The exception are ports dealing with USENET "news". They may use PREFIX/news as a destination for their files.

### 5.17. Use `BINARY_ALIAS` to Rename Commands Instead of Patching the Build

When `BINARY_ALIAS` is defined it will create symlinks of the given commands in a directory which will be prepended to `PATH`.

Use it to substitute hardcoded commands the build phase relies on without having to patch any build files.

例 53. Using `BINARY_ALIAS` to Make `gsed` Available as `sed`

Some ports expect `sed` to behave like GNU sed and use features that sed(1) does not provide. GNU sed is available from textproc/gsed on FreeBSD.

Use `BINARY_ALIAS` to substitute `sed` with `gsed` for the duration of the build:

    BUILD_DEPENDS=	gsed:textproc/gsed
    ...
    BINARY_ALIAS=	sed=gsed

例 54. Using `BINARY_ALIAS` to Provide Aliases for Hardcoded `python3` Commands

A port that has a hardcoded reference to `python3` in its build scripts will need to have it available in `PATH` at build time. Use `BINARY_ALIAS` to create an alias that points to the right Python 3 binary:

    USES=	python:3.4+,build
    ...
    BINARY_ALIAS=	python3=${PYTHON_CMD}

See Using Python for more information about `USES=python`.

| Binary aliases are created after the dependencies provided via `BUILD_DEPENDS` and `LIB_DEPENDS` are processed and before the `configure` target. This leads to various limitations. For example, programs installed via `TEST_DEPENDS` cannot be used to create a binary alias as test dependencies specified this way are processed after binary aliases are created.

## Chapter 6. Special Considerations

This section explains the most common things to consider when creating a port.

### 6.1. Staging

bsd.port.mk expects ports to work with a "stage directory". This means that a port must not install files directly to the regular destination directories (that is, under `PREFIX`, for example) but instead into a separate directory from which the package is then built. In many cases, this does not require root privileges, making it possible to build packages as an unprivileged user. With staging, the port is built and installed into the stage directory, `STAGEDIR`. A package is created from the stage directory and then installed on the system. Automake tools refer to this concept as `DESTDIR`, but in FreeBSD, `DESTDIR` has a different meaning (see `PREFIX` and `DESTDIR`).

| No port really needs to be root. It can mostly be avoided by using `USES=uidfix`. If the port still runs commands like chown(8), chgrp(1), or forces owner or group with install(1) then use `USES=fakeroot` to fake those calls. Some patching of the port’s Makefiles will be needed.

Meta ports, or ports that do not install files themselves but only depend on other ports, must avoid needlessly extracting the mtree(8) to the stage directory. This is the basic directory layout of the package, and these empty directories will be seen as orphans. To prevent mtree(8) extraction, add this line:

    NO_MTREE=	yes

| Metaports should use `USES=metaport`. It sets up defaults for ports that do not fetch, build, or install anything.

Staging is enabled by prepending `STAGEDIR` to paths used in the `pre-install`, `do-install`, and `post-install` targets (see the examples through the book). Typically, this includes `PREFIX`, `ETCDIR`, `DATADIR`, `EXAMPLESDIR`, `MANPREFIX`, `DOCSDIR`, and so on. Directories should be created as part of the `post-install` target. Avoid using absolute paths whenever possible.

| Ports that install kernel modules must prepend `STAGEDIR` to their destination, by default /boot/modules.

#### 6.1.1. Handling Symbolic Links

When creating a symbolic link, relative ones are strongly recommended. Use `${RLN}` to create relative symbolic links. It uses install(1) under the hood to automatically figure out the relative link to create.

例 55. Create Relative Symbolic Links Automatically

`${RLN}` uses install(1)'s relative symbolic feature which frees the porter of computing the relative path.

    ${RLN} ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/lib/libfoo.so.42 ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/lib/libfoo.so
    ${RLN} ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/libexec/foo/bar ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/bar
    ${RLN} ${STAGEDIR}/var/cache/foo ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/share/foo

Will generate:

    % ls -lF ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/lib
    lrwxr-xr-x  1 nobody  nobody    181 Aug  3 11:27 libfoo.so@ -> libfoo.so.42
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 nobody  nobody     15 Aug  3 11:24 libfoo.so.42*
    % ls -lF ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
    lrwxr-xr-x  1 nobody  nobody    181 Aug  3 11:27 bar@ -> ../libexec/foo/bar
    % ls -lF ${STAGEDIRDIR}${PREFIX}/share
    lrwxr-xr-x  1 nobody  nobody    181 Aug  3 11:27 foo@ -> ../../../var/cache/foo

### 6.2. Bundled Libraries

This section explains why bundled dependencies are considered bad and what to do about them.

#### 6.2.1. Why Bundled Libraries Are Bad

Some software requires the porter to locate third-party libraries and add the required dependencies to the port. Other software bundles all necessary libraries into the distribution file. The second approach seems easier at first, but there are some serious drawbacks:

This list is loosely based on the Fedora and Gentoo wikis, both licensed under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 license.

Security

  If vulnerabilities are found in the upstream library and fixed there, they might not be fixed in the library bundled with the port. One reason could be that the author is not aware of the problem. This means that the porter must fix them, or upgrade to a non-vulnerable version, and send a patch to the author. This all takes time, which results in software being vulnerable longer than necessary. This in turn makes it harder to coordinate a fix without unnecessarily leaking information about the vulnerability.

Bugs

  This problem is similar to the problem with security in the last paragraph, but generally less severe.

Forking

  It is easier for the author to fork the upstream library once it is bundled. While convenient on first sight, it means that the code diverges from upstream making it harder to address security or other problems with the software. A reason for this is that patching becomes harder.

  Another problem of forking is that because code diverges from upstream, bugs get solved over and over again instead of just once at a central location. This defeats the idea of open source software in the first place.

Symbol collision

  When a library is installed on the system, it might collide with the bundled version. This can cause immediate errors at compile or link time. It can also cause errors when running the program which might be harder to track down. The latter problem could be caused because the versions of the two libraries are incompatible.

Licensing

  When bundling projects from different sources, license issues can arise more easily, especially when licenses are incompatible.

Waste of resources

  Bundled libraries waste resources on several levels. It takes longer to build the actual application, especially if these libraries are already present on the system. At run-time, they can take up unnecessary memory when the system-wide library is already loaded by one program and the bundled library is loaded by another program.

Waste of effort

  When a library needs patches for FreeBSD, these patches have to be duplicated again in the bundled library. This wastes developer time because the patches might not apply cleanly. It can also be hard to notice that these patches are required in the first place.

#### 6.2.2. What to do About Bundled Libraries

Whenever possible, use the unbundled version of the library by adding a `LIB_DEPENDS` to the port. If such a port does not exist yet, consider creating it.

Only use bundled libraries if the upstream has a good track record on security and using unbundled versions leads to overly complex patches.

| In some very special cases, for example emulators, like Wine, a port has to bundle libraries, because they are in a different architecture, or they have been modified to fit the software’s use. In that case, those libraries should not be exposed to other ports for linking. Add `BUNDLE_LIBS=yes` to the port’s Makefile. This will tell pkg(8) to not compute provided libraries. Always ask the Ports Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org> before adding this to a port.

### 6.3. Shared Libraries

If the port installs one or more shared libraries, define a `USE_LDCONFIG` make variable, which will instruct a bsd.port.mk to run `${LDCONFIG} -m` on the directory where the new library is installed (usually PREFIX/lib) during `post-install` target to register it into the shared library cache. This variable, when defined, will also facilitate addition of an appropriate `@exec /sbin/ldconfig -m` and `@unexec /sbin/ldconfig -R` pair into pkg-plist, so that a user who installed the package can start using the shared library immediately and de-installation will not cause the system to still believe the library is there.

    USE_LDCONFIG=	yes

The default directory can be overridden by setting `USE_LDCONFIG` to a list of directories into which shared libraries are to be installed. For example, if the port installs shared libraries into PREFIX/lib/foo and PREFIX/lib/bar use this in Makefile:

    USE_LDCONFIG=	${PREFIX}/lib/foo ${PREFIX}/lib/bar

Please double-check, often this is not necessary at all or can be avoided through `-rpath` or setting `LD_RUN_PATH` during linking (see lang/mosml for an example), or through a shell-wrapper which sets `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` before invoking the binary, like www/seamonkey does.

When installing 32-bit libraries on a 64-bit system, use `USE_LDCONFIG32` instead.

If the software uses autotools, and specifically `libtool`, add `USES=libtool`.

When the major library version number increments in the update to the new port version, all other ports that link to the affected library must have their `PORTREVISION` incremented, to force recompilation with the new library version.

### 6.4. Ports with Distribution Restrictions or Legal Concerns

Licenses vary, and some of them place restrictions on how the application can be packaged, whether it can be sold for profit, and so on.

| It is the responsibility of a porter to read the licensing terms of the software and make sure that the FreeBSD project will not be held accountable for violating them by redistributing the source or compiled binaries either via FTP/HTTP or CD-ROM. If in doubt, please contact the FreeBSD ports 郵遞論壇.

In situations like this, the variables described in the next sections can be set.

#### 6.4.1. `NO_PACKAGE`

This variable indicates that we may not generate a binary package of the application. For instance, the license may disallow binary redistribution, or it may prohibit distribution of packages created from patched sources.

However, the port’s `DISTFILES` may be freely mirrored on FTP/HTTP. They may also be distributed on a CD-ROM (or similar media) unless `NO_CDROM` is set as well.

If the binary package is not generally useful, and the application must always be compiled from the source code, use `NO_PACKAGE`. For example, if the application has configuration information that is site specific hard coded into it at compile time, set `NO_PACKAGE`.

Set `NO_PACKAGE` to a string describing the reason why the package cannot be generated.

#### 6.4.2. `NO_CDROM`

This variable alone indicates that, although we are allowed to generate binary packages, we may put neither those packages nor the port’s `DISTFILES` onto a CD-ROM (or similar media) for resale. However, the binary packages and the port’s `DISTFILES` will still be available via FTP/HTTP.

If this variable is set along with `NO_PACKAGE`, then only the port’s `DISTFILES` will be available, and only via FTP/HTTP.

Set `NO_CDROM` to a string describing the reason why the port cannot be redistributed on CD-ROM. For instance, use this if the port’s license is for "non-commercial" use only.

#### 6.4.3. `NOFETCHFILES`

Files defined in `NOFETCHFILES` are not fetchable from any of `MASTER_SITES`. An example of such a file is when the file is supplied on CD-ROM by the vendor.

Tools which check for the availability of these files on `MASTER_SITES` have to ignore these files and not report about them.

#### 6.4.4. `RESTRICTED`

Set this variable alone if the application’s license permits neither mirroring the application’s `DISTFILES` nor distributing the binary package in any way.

Do not set `NO_CDROM` or `NO_PACKAGE` along with `RESTRICTED`, since the latter variable implies the former ones.

Set `RESTRICTED` to a string describing the reason why the port cannot be redistributed. Typically, this indicates that the port contains proprietary software and that the user will need to manually download the `DISTFILES`, possibly after registering for the software or agreeing to accept the terms of an EULA.

#### 6.4.5. `RESTRICTED_FILES`

When `RESTRICTED` or `NO_CDROM` is set, this variable defaults to `${DISTFILES} ${PATCHFILES}`, otherwise it is empty. If only some of the distribution files are restricted, then set this variable to list them.

#### 6.4.6. `LEGAL_TEXT`

If the port has legal concerns not addressed by the above variables, set `LEGAL_TEXT` to a string explaining the concern. For example, if special permission was obtained for FreeBSD to redistribute the binary, this variable must indicate so.

#### 6.4.7. /usr/ports/LEGAL and `LEGAL`

A port which sets any of the above variables must also be added to /usr/ports/LEGAL. The first column is a glob which matches the restricted distfiles. The second column is the port’s origin. The third column is the output of `make -VLEGAL`.

#### 6.4.8. Examples

The preferred way to state "the distfiles for this port must be fetched manually" is as follows:

    .if !exists(${DISTDIR}/${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX})
    IGNORE=	may not be redistributed because of licensing reasons. Please visit some-website to accept their license and download ${DISTFILES} into ${DISTDIR}
    .endif

This both informs the user, and sets the proper metadata on the user’s machine for use by automated programs.

Note that this stanza must be preceded by an inclusion of bsd.port.pre.mk.

### 6.5. Building Mechanisms

#### 6.5.1. Building Ports in Parallel

The FreeBSD ports framework supports parallel building using multiple `make` sub-processes, which allows SMP systems to utilize all of their available CPU power, allowing port builds to be faster and more effective.

This is achieved by passing `-jX` flag to make(1) running on vendor code. This is the default build behavior of ports. Unfortunately, not all ports handle parallel building well and it may be required to explicitly disable this feature by adding the `MAKE_JOBS_UNSAFE=yes` variable. It is used when a port is known to be broken with `-jX` due to race conditions causing intermittent build failures.

| When setting `MAKE_JOBS_UNSAFE`, it is very important to explain either with a comment in the Makefile, or at least in the commit message, why the port does not build when enabling. Otherwise, it is almost impossible to either fix the problem, or test if it has been fixed when committing an update at a later date.

#### 6.5.2. `make`, `gmake`, and `imake`

Several differing `make` implementations exist. Ported software often requires a particular implementation, like GNU`make`, known in FreeBSD as `gmake`.

If the port uses GNU make, add `gmake` to `USES`.

`MAKE_CMD` can be used to reference the specific command configured by the `USES` setting in the port’s Makefile. Only use `MAKE_CMD` within the application Makefiles in `WRKSRC` to call the `make` implementation expected by the ported software.

If the port is an X application that uses imake to create Makefiles from Imakefiles, set `USES= imake`. See the `USES=imake` section of Using `USES` Macros for more details.

If the port’s source Makefile has something other than `all` as the main build target, set `ALL_TARGET` accordingly. The same goes for `install` and `INSTALL_TARGET`.

#### 6.5.3. `configure` Script

If the port uses the `configure` script to generate Makefile from Makefile.in, set `GNU_CONFIGURE=yes`. To give extra arguments to the `configure` script (the default argument is `--prefix=${PREFIX} --infodir=${PREFIX}/${INFO_PATH} --mandir=${MANPREFIX}/man --build=${CONFIGURE_TARGET}`), set those extra arguments in `CONFIGURE_ARGS`. Extra environment variables can be passed using `CONFIGURE_ENV`.

表 9. Variables for Ports That Use `configure`
Variable | Means
--- | ---
`GNU_CONFIGURE` | The port uses `configure` script to prepare build.
`HAS_CONFIGURE` | Same as `GNU_CONFIGURE`, except default configure target is not added to `CONFIGURE_ARGS`.
`CONFIGURE_ARGS` | Additional arguments passed to `configure` script.
`CONFIGURE_ENV` | Additional environment variables to be set for `configure` script run.
`CONFIGURE_TARGET` | Override default configure target. Default value is `${MACHINE_ARCH}-portbld-freebsd${OSREL}`.

#### 6.5.4. Using `cmake`

For ports that use CMake, define `USES= cmake`.

表 10. Variables for Ports That Use `cmake`
Variable | Means
--- | ---
`CMAKE_ARGS` | Port specific CMake flags to be passed to the `cmake` binary.
`CMAKE_ON` | For each entry in `CMAKE_ON`, an enabled boolean value is added to `CMAKE_ARGS`. See `CMAKE_ON` and `CMAKE_OFF`.
`CMAKE_OFF` | For each entry in `CMAKE_OFF`, a disabled boolean value is added to `CMAKE_ARGS`. See `CMAKE_ON` and `CMAKE_OFF`.
`CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` | Type of build (CMake predefined build profiles). Default is `Release`, or `Debug` if `WITH_DEBUG` is set.
`CMAKE_SOURCE_PATH` | Path to the source directory. Default is `${WRKSRC}`.
`CONFIGURE_ENV` | Additional environment variables to be set for the `cmake` binary.

表 11. Variables the Users Can Define for `cmake` Builds
Variable | Means
--- | ---
`CMAKE_NOCOLOR` | Disables color build output. Default not set, unless `BATCH` or `PACKAGE_BUILDING` are set.

CMake supports these build profiles: `Debug`, `Release`, `RelWithDebInfo` and `MinSizeRel`. `Debug` and `Release` profiles respect system `*FLAGS`, `RelWithDebInfo` and `MinSizeRel` will set `CFLAGS` to `-O2 -g` and `-Os -DNDEBUG` correspondingly. The lower-cased value of `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` is exported to `PLIST_SUB` and must be used if the port installs *.cmake depending on the build type (see devel/kf5-kcrash for an example). Please note that some projects may define their own build profiles and/or force particular build type by setting `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` in CMakeLists.txt. To make a port for such a project respect `CFLAGS` and `WITH_DEBUG`, the `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` definitions must be removed from those files.

Most CMake-based projects support an out-of-source method of building. The out-of-source build for a port is the default setting. An in-source build can be requested by using the `:insource` suffix. With out-of-source builds, `CONFIGURE_WRKSRC`, `BUILD_WRKSRC` and `INSTALL_WRKSRC` will be set to `${WRKDIR}/.build` and this directory will be used to keep all files generated during configuration and build stages, leaving the source directory intact.

例 56. `USES= cmake` Example

This snippet demonstrates the use of CMake for a port. `CMAKE_SOURCE_PATH` is not usually required, but can be set when the sources are not located in the top directory, or if only a subset of the project is intended to be built by the port.

    USES=			cmake
    CMAKE_SOURCE_PATH=	${WRKSRC}/subproject

例 57. `CMAKE_ON` and `CMAKE_OFF`

When adding boolean values to `CMAKE_ARGS`, it is easier to use the `CMAKE_ON` and `CMAKE_OFF` variables instead. This:

    CMAKE_ON=	VAR1 VAR2
    CMAKE_OFF=	VAR3

Is equivalent to:

    CMAKE_ARGS=	-DVAR1:BOOL=TRUE -DVAR2:BOOL=TRUE -DVAR3:BOOL=FALSE

| This is only for the default values off `CMAKE_ARGS`. The helpers described in `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL` and `OPT_CMAKE_BOOL_OFF` use the same semantics, but for optional values.

#### 6.5.5. Using `scons`

If the port uses SCons, define `USES=scons`.

To make third party SConstruct respect everything that is passed to SCons in the environment (that is, most importantly, `CC/CXX/CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS`), patch SConstruct so build `Environment` is constructed like this:

    env = Environment(**ARGUMENTS)

It may be then modified with `env.Append` and `env.Replace`.

#### 6.5.6. Building Rust Applications with `cargo`

For ports that use Cargo, define `USES=cargo`.

表 12. Variables the Users Can Define for `cargo` Builds
Variable | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CARGO_CRATES` |  | List of crates the port depends on. Each entry needs to have a format like `cratename-semver` for example, `libc-0.2.40`. Port maintainers can generate this list from Cargo.lock using `make cargo-crates`. Manually bumping crate versions is possible but be mindful of transitive dependencies.
`CARGO_FEATURES` |  | List of application features to build (space separated list). To deactivate all default features add the special token `--no-default-features` to `CARGO_FEATURES`. Manually passing it to `CARGO_BUILD_ARGS`, `CARGO_INSTALL_ARGS`, and `CARGO_TEST_ARGS` is not needed.
`CARGO_CARGOTOML` | `${WRKSRC}/Cargo.toml` | The path to the Cargo.toml to use.
`CARGO_CARGOLOCK` | `${WRKSRC}/Cargo.lock` | The path to the Cargo.lock to use for `make cargo-crates`. It is possible to specify more than one lock file when necessary.
`CARGO_ENV` |  | A list of environment variables to pass to Cargo similar to `MAKE_ENV`.
`RUSTFLAGS` |  | Flags to pass to the Rust compiler.
`CARGO_CONFIGURE` | `yes` | Use the default `do-configure`.
`CARGO_UPDATE_ARGS` |  | Extra arguments to pass to Cargo during the configure phase. Valid arguments can be looked up with `cargo update --help`.
`CARGO_BUILDDEP` | `yes` | Add a build dependency on lang/rust.
`CARGO_CARGO_BIN` | `${LOCALBASE}/bin/cargo` | Location of the `cargo` binary.
`CARGO_BUILD` | `yes` | Use the default `do-build`.
`CARGO_BUILD_ARGS` |  | Extra arguments to pass to Cargo during the build phase. Valid arguments can be looked up with `cargo build --help`.
`CARGO_INSTALL` | `yes` | Use the default `do-install`.
`CARGO_INSTALL_ARGS` |  | Extra arguments to pass to Cargo during the install phase. Valid arguments can be looked up with `cargo install --help`.
`CARGO_INSTALL_PATH` | `.` | Path to the crate to install. This is passed to `cargo install` via its `--path` argument. When multiple paths are specified `cargo install` is run multiple times.
`CARGO_TEST` | `yes` | Use the default `do-test`.
`CARGO_TEST_ARGS` |  | Extra arguments to pass to Cargo during the test phase. Valid arguments can be looked up with `cargo test --help`.
`CARGO_TARGET_DIR` | `${WRKDIR}/target` | Location of the cargo output directory.
`CARGO_DIST_SUBDIR` | rust/crates | Directory relative to `DISTDIR` where the crate distribution files will be stored.
`CARGO_VENDOR_DIR` | `${WRKSRC}/cargo-crates` | Location of the vendor directory where all crates will be extracted to. Try to keep this under `PATCH_WRKSRC`, so that patches can be applied easily.
`CARGO_USE_GITHUB` | `no` | Enable fetching of crates locked to specific Git commits on GitHub via `GH_TUPLE`. This will try to patch all Cargo.toml under `WRKDIR` to point to the offline sources instead of fetching them from a Git repository during the build.
`CARGO_USE_GITLAB` | `no` | Same as `CARGO_USE_GITHUB` but for GitLab instances and `GL_TUPLE`.

例 58. Creating a Port for a Simple Rust Application

Creating a Cargo based port is a three stage process. First we need to provide a ports template that fetches the application distribution file:

    PORTNAME=	tokei
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=	v
    DISTVERSION=	7.0.2
    CATEGORIES=	devel

    MAINTAINER=	tobik@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	Display statistics about your code

    USES=		cargo
    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_ACCOUNT=	Aaronepower

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

Generate an initial distinfo:

    % make makesum
    => Aaronepower-tokei-v7.0.2_GH0.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    => Attempting to fetch https://codeload.github.com/Aaronepower/tokei/tar.gz/v7.0.2?dummy=/Aaronepower-tokei-v7.0.2_GH0.tar.gz
    fetch: https://codeload.github.com/Aaronepower/tokei/tar.gz/v7.0.2?dummy=/Aaronepower-tokei-v7.0.2_GH0.tar.gz: size of remote file is not known
    Aaronepower-tokei-v7.0.2_GH0.tar.gz                     45 kB  239 kBps 00m00s

Now the distribution file is ready to use and we can go ahead and extract crate dependencies from the bundled Cargo.lock:

    % make cargo-crates
    CARGO_CRATES=   aho-corasick-0.6.4 \
                    ansi_term-0.11.0 \
                    arrayvec-0.4.7 \
                    atty-0.2.9 \
                    bitflags-1.0.1 \
                    byteorder-1.2.2 \
                    [...]

The output of this command needs to be pasted directly into the Makefile:

    PORTNAME=	tokei
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=	v
    DISTVERSION=	7.0.2
    CATEGORIES=	devel

    MAINTAINER=	tobik@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	Display statistics about your code

    USES=		cargo
    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_ACCOUNT=	Aaronepower

    CARGO_CRATES=   aho-corasick-0.6.4 \
                    ansi_term-0.11.0 \
                    arrayvec-0.4.7 \
                    atty-0.2.9 \
                    bitflags-1.0.1 \
                    byteorder-1.2.2 \
                    [...]

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

distinfo needs to be regenerated to contain all the crate distribution files:

    % make makesum
    => rust/crates/aho-corasick-0.6.4.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    => Attempting to fetch https://crates.io/api/v1/crates/aho-corasick/0.6.4/download?dummy=/rust/crates/aho-corasick-0.6.4.tar.gz
    rust/crates/aho-corasick-0.6.4.tar.gz         100% of   24 kB 6139 kBps 00m00s
    => rust/crates/ansi_term-0.11.0.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    => Attempting to fetch https://crates.io/api/v1/crates/ansi_term/0.11.0/download?dummy=/rust/crates/ansi_term-0.11.0.tar.gz
    rust/crates/ansi_term-0.11.0.tar.gz           100% of   16 kB   21 MBps 00m00s
    => rust/crates/arrayvec-0.4.7.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    => Attempting to fetch https://crates.io/api/v1/crates/arrayvec/0.4.7/download?dummy=/rust/crates/arrayvec-0.4.7.tar.gz
    rust/crates/arrayvec-0.4.7.tar.gz             100% of   22 kB 3237 kBps 00m00s
    => rust/crates/atty-0.2.9.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    => Attempting to fetch https://crates.io/api/v1/crates/atty/0.2.9/download?dummy=/rust/crates/atty-0.2.9.tar.gz
    rust/crates/atty-0.2.9.tar.gz                 100% of 5898  B   81 MBps 00m00s
    => rust/crates/bitflags-1.0.1.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    [...]

The port is now ready for a test build and further adjustments like creating a plist, writing a description, adding license information, options, etc. as normal.

If you are not testing your port in a clean environment like with Poudriere, remember to run `make clean` before any testing.

例 59. Enabling Additional Application Features

Some applications define additional features in their Cargo.toml. They can be compiled in by setting `CARGO_FEATURES` in the port.

Here we enable Tokei’s `json` and `yaml` features:

    CARGO_FEATURES=	json yaml

例 60. Encoding Application Features As Port Options

An example `[features]` section in Cargo.toml could look like this:

    [features]
    pulseaudio_backend = ["librespot-playback/pulseaudio-backend"]
    portaudio_backend = ["librespot-playback/portaudio-backend"]
    default = ["pulseaudio_backend"]

`pulseaudio_backend` is a default feature. It is always enabled unless we explicitly turn off default features by adding `--no-default-features` to `CARGO_FEATURES`. Here we turn the `portaudio_backend` and `pulseaudio_backend` features into port options:

    CARGO_FEATURES=	--no-default-features

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	PORTAUDIO PULSEAUDIO

    PORTAUDIO_VARS=		CARGO_FEATURES+=portaudio_backend
    PULSEAUDIO_VARS=	CARGO_FEATURES+=pulseaudio_backend

例 61. Listing Crate Licenses

Crates have their own licenses. It is important to know what they are when adding a `LICENSE` block to the port (see Licenses). The helper target `cargo-crates-licenses` will try to list all the licenses of all crates defined in `CARGO_CRATES`.

    % make cargo-crates-licenses
    aho-corasick-0.6.4  Unlicense/MIT
    ansi_term-0.11.0    MIT
    arrayvec-0.4.7      MIT/Apache-2.0
    atty-0.2.9          MIT
    bitflags-1.0.1      MIT/Apache-2.0
    byteorder-1.2.2     Unlicense/MIT
    [...]

| The license names `make cargo-crates-licenses` outputs are SPDX 2.1 licenses expression which do not match the license names defined in the ports framework. They need to be translated to the names from Predefined License List.

#### 6.5.7. Using `meson`

For ports that use Meson, define `USES=meson`.

表 13. Variables for Ports That Use `meson`
Variable | Description
--- | ---
`MESON_ARGS` | Port specific Meson flags to be passed to the `meson` binary.
`MESON_BUILD_DIR` | Path to the build directory relative to `WRKSRC`. Default is `_build`.

例 62. `USES=meson` Example

This snippet demonstrates the use of Meson for a port.

    USES=		meson
    MESON_ARGS=	-Dfoo=enabled

#### 6.5.8. Building Go Applications

For ports that use Go, define `USES=go`. Refer to `go` for a list of variables that can be set to control the build process.

例 63. Creating a Port for a Go Modules Based Application

In most cases, it is sufficient to set the `GO_MODULE` variable to the value specified by the `module` directive in `go.mod`:

    PORTNAME=       hey
    PORTVERSION=    0.1.4
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=      v
    CATEGORIES=     benchmarks

    MAINTAINER=     dmgk@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=        Tiny program that sends some load to a web application

    LICENSE=        APACHE20
    LICENSE_FILE=   ${WRKSRC}/LICENSE

    USES=           go:modules
    GO_MODULE=      github.com/rakyll/hey

    PLIST_FILES=    bin/hey

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

If the "easy" way is not adequate or more control over dependencies is needed, the full porting process is described below.

Creating a Go based port is a five stage process. First we need to provide a ports template that fetches the application distribution file:

    PORTNAME=	ghq
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=	v
    DISTVERSION=	0.12.5
    CATEGORIES=	devel

    MAINTAINER=	tobik@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	Remote repository management made easy

    USES=		go:modules
    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_ACCOUNT=	motemen

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

Generate an initial distinfo:

    % make makesum
    ===>  License MIT accepted by the user
    => motemen-ghq-v0.12.5_GH0.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    => Attempting to fetch https://codeload.github.com/motemen/ghq/tar.gz/v0.12.5?dummy=/motemen-ghq-v0.12.5_GH0.tar.gz
    fetch: https://codeload.github.com/motemen/ghq/tar.gz/v0.12.5?dummy=/motemen-ghq-v0.12.5_GH0.tar.gz: size of remote file is not known
    motemen-ghq-v0.12.5_GH0.tar.gz                          32 kB  177 kBps    00s

Now the distribution file is ready to use and we can extract the required Go module dependencies. This step requires having ports-mgmt/modules2tuple installed:

    % make gomod-vendor
    [...]
    GH_TUPLE=	\
    		Songmu:gitconfig:v0.0.2:songmu_gitconfig/vendor/github.com/Songmu/gitconfig \
    		daviddengcn:go-colortext:186a3d44e920:daviddengcn_go_colortext/vendor/github.com/daviddengcn/go-colortext \
    		go-yaml:yaml:v2.2.2:go_yaml_yaml/vendor/gopkg.in/yaml.v2 \
    		golang:net:3ec191127204:golang_net/vendor/golang.org/x/net \
    		golang:sync:112230192c58:golang_sync/vendor/golang.org/x/sync \
    		golang:xerrors:3ee3066db522:golang_xerrors/vendor/golang.org/x/xerrors \
    		motemen:go-colorine:45d19169413a:motemen_go_colorine/vendor/github.com/motemen/go-colorine \
    		urfave:cli:v1.20.0:urfave_cli/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli

The output of this command needs to be pasted directly into the Makefile:

    PORTNAME=	ghq
    DISTVERSIONPREFIX=	v
    DISTVERSION=	0.12.5
    CATEGORIES=	devel

    MAINTAINER=	tobik@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	Remote repository management made easy

    USES=		go:modules
    USE_GITHUB=	yes
    GH_ACCOUNT=	motemen
    GH_TUPLE=	Songmu:gitconfig:v0.0.2:songmu_gitconfig/vendor/github.com/Songmu/gitconfig \
    		daviddengcn:go-colortext:186a3d44e920:daviddengcn_go_colortext/vendor/github.com/daviddengcn/go-colortext \
    		go-yaml:yaml:v2.2.2:go_yaml_yaml/vendor/gopkg.in/yaml.v2 \
    		golang:net:3ec191127204:golang_net/vendor/golang.org/x/net \
    		golang:sync:112230192c58:golang_sync/vendor/golang.org/x/sync \
    		golang:xerrors:3ee3066db522:golang_xerrors/vendor/golang.org/x/xerrors \
    		motemen:go-colorine:45d19169413a:motemen_go_colorine/vendor/github.com/motemen/go-colorine \
    		urfave:cli:v1.20.0:urfave_cli/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

distinfo needs to be regenerated to contain all the distribution files:

    % make makesum
    => Songmu-gitconfig-v0.0.2_GH0.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    => Attempting to fetch https://codeload.github.com/Songmu/gitconfig/tar.gz/v0.0.2?dummy=/Songmu-gitconfig-v0.0.2_GH0.tar.gz
    fetch: https://codeload.github.com/Songmu/gitconfig/tar.gz/v0.0.2?dummy=/Songmu-gitconfig-v0.0.2_GH0.tar.gz: size of remote file is not known
    Songmu-gitconfig-v0.0.2_GH0.tar.gz                    5662  B  936 kBps    00s
    => daviddengcn-go-colortext-186a3d44e920_GH0.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
    => Attempting to fetch https://codeload.github.com/daviddengcn/go-colortext/tar.gz/186a3d44e920?dummy=/daviddengcn-go-colortext-186a3d44e920_GH0.tar.gz
    fetch: https://codeload.github.com/daviddengcn/go-colortext/tar.gz/186a3d44e920?dummy=/daviddengcn-go-colortext-186a3d44e920_GH0.tar.gz: size of remote file is not known
    daviddengcn-go-colortext-186a3d44e920_GH0.tar.        4534  B 1098 kBps    00s
    [...]

The port is now ready for a test build and further adjustments like creating a plist, writing a description, adding license information, options, etc. as normal.

If you are not testing your port in a clean environment like with Poudriere, remember to run `make clean` before any testing.

例 64. Setting Output Binary Name or Installation Path

Some ports need to install the resulting binary under a different name or to a path other than the default `${PREFIX}/bin`. This can be done by using `GO_TARGET` tuple syntax, for example:

    GO_TARGET=  ./cmd/ipfs:ipfs-go

will install `ipfs` binary as `${PREFIX}/bin/ipfs-go` and

    GO_TARGET=  ./dnscrypt-proxy:${PREFIX}/sbin/dnscrypt-proxy

will install `dnscrypt-proxy` to `${PREFIX}/sbin`.

#### 6.5.9. Building Haskell Applications with `cabal`

For ports that use Cabal, build system defines `USES=cabal`. Refer to `cabal` for a list of variables that can be set to control the build process.

例 65. Creating a Port for a Hackage-hosted Haskell Application

When preparing a Haskell Cabal port, the devel/hs-cabal-install program is required, so make sure it is installed beforehand. First we need to define common ports variables that allows cabal-install to fetch the package distribution file:

    PORTNAME=	ShellCheck
    DISTVERSION=	0.6.0
    CATEGORIES=	devel

    MAINTAINER=	haskell@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	Shell script analysis tool

    USES=		cabal

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

This minimal Makefile allows us to fetch the distribution file:

    % make cabal-extract
    [...]
    Downloading the latest package list from hackage.haskell.org
    cabal get ShellCheck-0.6.0
    Downloading  ShellCheck-0.6.0
    Downloaded   ShellCheck-0.6.0
    Unpacking to ShellCheck-0.6.0/

Now we have ShellCheck.cabal package description file, which allows us to fetch all package’s dependencies, including transitive ones:

    % make cabal-extract-deps
    [...]
    Resolving dependencies...
    Downloading  base-orphans-0.8.2
    Downloaded   base-orphans-0.8.2
    Downloading  primitive-0.7.0.0
    Starting     base-orphans-0.8.2 (lib)
    Building     base-orphans-0.8.2 (lib)
    Downloaded   primitive-0.7.0.0
    Downloading  dlist-0.8.0.7
    [...]

As a side effect, the package’s dependencies are also compiled, so the command may take some time. Once done, a list of required dependencies can generated:

    % make make-use-cabal
    USE_CABAL=QuickCheck-2.12.6.1 \
    hashable-1.3.0.0 \
    integer-logarithms-1.0.3 \
    [...]

Haskell packages may contain revisions, just like FreeBSD ports. Revisions can affect only .cabal files, but it is still important to pull them in. To check `USE_CABAL` items for available revision updates, run following command:

    % make make-use-cabal-revs
    USE_CABAL=QuickCheck-2.12.6.1_1 \
    hashable-1.3.0.0 \
    integer-logarithms-1.0.3_2 \
    [...]

Note additional version numbers after `_` symbol. Put newly generated `USE_CABAL` list instead of an old one.

Finally, distinfo needs to be regenerated to contain all the distribution files:

    % make makesum
    => ShellCheck-0.6.0.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/local/poudriere/ports/git/distfiles/cabal.
    => Attempting to fetch https://hackage.haskell.org/package/ShellCheck-0.6.0/ShellCheck-0.6.0.tar.gz
    ShellCheck-0.6.0.tar.gz                                136 kB  642 kBps    00s
    => QuickCheck-2.12.6.1/QuickCheck-2.12.6.1.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/local/poudriere/ports/git/distfiles/cabal.
    => Attempting to fetch https://hackage.haskell.org/package/QuickCheck-2.12.6.1/QuickCheck-2.12.6.1.tar.gz
    QuickCheck-2.12.6.1/QuickCheck-2.12.6.1.tar.gz          65 kB  361 kBps    00s
    [...]

The port is now ready for a test build and further adjustments like creating a plist, writing a description, adding license information, options, etc. as normal.

If you are not testing your port in a clean environment like with Poudriere, remember to run `make clean` before any testing.

### 6.6. Using GNU Autotools

If a port needs any of the GNU Autotools software, add `USES=autoreconf`. See `autoreconf` for more information.

### 6.7. Using GNU `gettext`

#### 6.7.1. Basic Usage

If the port requires `gettext`, set `USES= gettext`, and the port will inherit a dependency on libintl.so from devel/gettext. Other values for `gettext` usage are listed in `USES=gettext`.

A rather common case is a port using `gettext` and `configure`. Generally, GNU `configure` should be able to locate `gettext` automatically.

    USES=	gettext
    GNU_CONFIGURE=	yes

If it ever fails to, hints at the location of `gettext` can be passed in `CPPFLAGS` and `LDFLAGS` using `localbase` as follows:

    USES=	gettext localbase:ldflags
    GNU_CONFIGURE=	yes

#### 6.7.2. Optional Usage

Some software products allow for disabling NLS. For example, through passing `--disable-nls` to `configure`. In that case, the port must use `gettext` conditionally, depending on the status of the `NLS` option. For ports of low to medium complexity, use this idiom:

    GNU_CONFIGURE=		yes

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=		NLS
    OPTIONS_SUB=		yes

    NLS_USES=		gettext
    NLS_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	nls

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

Or using the older way of using options:

    GNU_CONFIGURE=		yes

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=		NLS

    .include <bsd.port.options.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MNLS}
    USES+=			gettext
    PLIST_SUB+=		NLS=""
    .else
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--disable-nls
    PLIST_SUB+=		NLS="@comment "
    .endif

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

The next item on the to-do list is to arrange so that the message catalog files are included in the packing list conditionally. The Makefile part of this task is already provided by the idiom. It is explained in the section on advanced pkg-plist practices. In a nutshell, each occurrence of `%%NLS%%` in pkg-plist will be replaced by "`@comment `" if NLS is disabled, or by a null string if NLS is enabled. Consequently, the lines prefixed by `%%NLS%%` will become mere comments in the final packing list if NLS is off; otherwise the prefix will be just left out. Then insert `%%NLS%%` before each path to a message catalog file in pkg-plist. For example:

    %%NLS%%share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/foobar.mo
    %%NLS%%share/locale/no/LC_MESSAGES/foobar.mo

In high complexity cases, more advanced techniques may be needed, such as dynamic packing list generation.

#### 6.7.3. Handling Message Catalog Directories

There is a point to note about installing message catalog files. The target directories for them, which reside under LOCALBASE/share/locale, must not be created and removed by a port. The most popular languages have their respective directories listed in PORTSDIR/Templates/BSD.local.dist. The directories for many other languages are governed by the devel/gettext port. Consult its pkg-plist and see whether the port is going to install a message catalog file for a unique language.

### 6.8. Using Perl

If `MASTER_SITES` is set to `CPAN`, the correct subdirectory is usually selected automatically. If the default subdirectory is wrong, `CPAN/Module` can be used to change it. `MASTER_SITES` can also be set to the old `MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN`, then the preferred value of `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR` is the top-level hierarchy name. For example, the recommended value for `p5-Module-Name` is `Module`. The top-level hierarchy can be examined at cpan.org. This keeps the port working when the author of the module changes.

The exception to this rule is when the relevant directory does not exist or the distfile does not exist in that directory. In such case, using author’s id as `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR` is allowed. The `CPAN:AUTHOR` macro can be used, which will be translated to the hashed author directory. For example, `CPAN:AUTHOR` will be converted to `authors/id/A/AU/AUTHOR`.

When a port needs Perl support, it must set `USES=perl5` with the optional `USE_PERL5` described in the perl5 USES description.

表 14. Read-Only Variables for Ports That Use Perl
Read only variables | Means
--- | ---
`PERL` | The full path of the Perl 5 interpreter, either in the system or installed from a port, but without the version number. Use this when the software needs the path to the Perl interpreter. To replace "`#!`"lines in scripts, use `shebangfix`.
`PERL_VERSION` | The full version of Perl installed (for example, `5.8.9`).
`PERL_LEVEL` | The installed Perl version as an integer of the form `MNNNPP` (for example, `500809`).
`PERL_ARCH` | Where Perl stores architecture dependent libraries. Defaults to `${ARCH}-freebsd`.
`PERL_PORT` | Name of the Perl port that is installed (for example, `perl5`).
`SITE_PERL` | Directory name where site specific Perl packages go. This value is added to `PLIST_SUB`.

| Ports of Perl modules which do not have an official website must link to `cpan.org` in the WWW line of pkg-descr. The preferred URL form is `http://search.cpan.org/dist/Module-Name/` (including the trailing slash).

| Do not use `${SITE_PERL}` in dependency declarations. Doing so assumes that perl5.mk has been included, which is not always true. Ports depending on this port will have incorrect dependencies if this port’s files move later in an upgrade. The right way to declare Perl module dependencies is shown in the example below.

例 66. Perl Dependency Example

    p5-IO-Tee>=0.64:devel/p5-IO-Tee

For Perl ports that install manual pages, the macro `PERL5_MAN3` and `PERL5_MAN1` can be used inside pkg-plist. For example,

    lib/perl5/5.14/man/man1/event.1.gz
    lib/perl5/5.14/man/man3/AnyEvent::I3.3.gz

can be replaced with

    %%PERL5_MAN1%%/event.1.gz
    %%PERL5_MAN3%%/AnyEvent::I3.3.gz

| There are no `PERL5_MAN_x_` macros for the other sections (x in `2` and `4` to `9`) because those get installed in the regular directories.

例 67. A Port Which Only Requires Perl to Build

As the default USE_PERL5 value is build and run, set it to:

    USES=		perl5
    USE_PERL5=	build

例 68. A Port Which Also Requires Perl to Patch

From time to time, using sed(1) for patching is not enough. When using perl(1) is easier, use:

    USES=		perl5
    USE_PERL5=	patch build run

例 69. A Perl Module Which Needs `ExtUtils::MakeMaker` to Build

Most Perl modules come with a Makefile.PL configure script. In this case, set:

    USES=		perl5
    USE_PERL5=	configure

例 70. A Perl Module Which Needs `Module::Build` to Build

When a Perl module comes with a Build.PL configure script, it can require Module::Build, in which case, set

    USES=		perl5
    USE_PERL5=	modbuild

If it instead requires Module::Build::Tiny, set

    USES=		perl5
    USE_PERL5=	modbuildtiny

### 6.9. Using X11

#### 6.9.1. X.Org Components

The X11 implementation available in The Ports Collection is X.Org. If the application depends on X components, add `USES= xorg` and set `USE_XORG` to the list of required components. A full list can be found in `xorg`.

The Mesa Project is an effort to provide free OpenGL implementation. To specify a dependency on various components of this project, use `USES= gl` and `USE_GL`. See `gl` for a full list of available components. For backwards compatibility, the value of `yes` maps to `glu`.

例 71. `USE_XORG` Example

    USES=		gl xorg
    USE_GL=		glu
    USE_XORG=	xrender xft xkbfile xt xaw

表 15. Variables for Ports That Use X
`USES= imake` | The port uses `imake`.
`XMKMF` | Set to the path of `xmkmf` if not in the `PATH`. Defaults to `xmkmf -a`.

例 72. Using X11-Related Variables

    # Use some X11 libraries
    USES=		xorg
    USE_XORG=	x11 xpm

#### 6.9.2. Ports That Require Motif

If the port requires a Motif library, define `USES= motif` in the Makefile. Default Motif implementation is x11-toolkits/open-motif. Users can choose x11-toolkits/lesstif instead by setting `WANT_LESSTIF` in their make.conf.

`MOTIFLIB` will be set by motif.mk to reference the appropriate Motif library. Please patch the source of the port to use `${MOTIFLIB}` wherever the Motif library is referenced in the original Makefile or Imakefile.

There are two common cases:

- If the port refers to the Motif library as `-lXm` in its Makefile or Imakefile, substitute `${MOTIFLIB}` for it.

- If the port uses `XmClientLibs` in its Imakefile, change it to `${MOTIFLIB} ${XTOOLLIB} ${XLIB}`.

Note that `MOTIFLIB` (usually) expands to `-L/usr/local/lib -lXm -lXp` or `/usr/local/lib/libXm.a`, so there is no need to add `-L` or `-l` in front.

#### 6.9.3. X11 Fonts

If the port installs fonts for the X Window System, put them in LOCALBASE/lib/X11/fonts/local.

#### 6.9.4. Getting a Fake `DISPLAY` with Xvfb

Some applications require a working X11 display for compilation to succeed. This poses a problem for machines that operate headless. When this variable is used, the build infrastructure will start the virtual framebuffer X server. The working `DISPLAY` is then passed to the build. See `USES=display` for the possible arguments.

    USES=	display

#### 6.9.5. Desktop Entries

Desktop entries (a Freedesktop standard) provide a way to automatically adjust desktop features when a new program is installed, without requiring user intervention. For example, newly-installed programs automatically appear in the application menus of compatible desktop environments. Desktop entries originated in the GNOME desktop environment, but are now a standard and also work with KDE and Xfce. This bit of automation provides a real benefit to the user, and desktop entries are encouraged for applications which can be used in a desktop environment.

##### 6.9.5.1. Using Predefined .desktop Files

Ports that include predefined *.desktop must include those files in pkg-plist and install them in the $LOCALBASE/share/applications directory. The `INSTALL_DATA` macro is useful for installing these files.

##### 6.9.5.2. Updating Desktop Database

If a port has a MimeType entry in its portname.desktop, the desktop database must be updated after install and deinstall. To do this, define `USES`= desktop-file-utils.

##### 6.9.5.3. Creating Desktop Entries with `DESKTOP_ENTRIES`

Desktop entries can be easily created for applications by using `DESKTOP_ENTRIES`. A file named name.desktop will be created, installed, and added to pkg-plist automatically. Syntax is:

    DESKTOP_ENTRIES=	"NAME" "COMMENT" "ICON" "COMMAND" "CATEGORY" StartupNotify

The list of possible categories is available on the Freedesktop website. `StartupNotify` indicates whether the application is compatible with startup notifications. These are typically a graphic indicator like a clock that appear at the mouse pointer, menu, or panel to give the user an indication when a program is starting. A program that is compatible with startup notifications clears the indicator after it has started. Programs that are not compatible with startup notifications would never clear the indicator (potentially confusing and infuriating the user), and must have `StartupNotify` set to `false` so the indicator is not shown at all.

Example:

    DESKTOP_ENTRIES=	"ToME" "Roguelike game based on JRR Tolkien's work" \
    			"${DATADIR}/xtra/graf/tome-128.png" \
    			"tome -v -g" "Application;Game;RolePlaying;" \
    			false

### 6.10. Using GNOME

#### 6.10.1. Introduction

This chapter explains the GNOME framework as used by ports. The framework can be loosely divided into the base components, GNOME desktop components, and a few special macros that simplify the work of port maintainers.

#### 6.10.2. Using `USE_GNOME`

Adding this variable to the port allows the use of the macros and components defined in bsd.gnome.mk. The code in bsd.gnome.mk adds the needed build-time, run-time or library dependencies or the handling of special files. GNOME applications under FreeBSD use the `USE_GNOME` infrastructure. Include all the needed components as a space-separated list. The `USE_GNOME` components are divided into these virtual lists: basic components, GNOME 3 components and legacy components. If the port needs only GTK3 libraries, this is the shortest way to define it:

    USE_GNOME=	gtk30

`USE_GNOME` components automatically add the dependencies they need. Please see GNOME Components for an exhaustive list of all `USE_GNOME` components and which other components they imply and their dependencies.

Here is an example Makefile for a GNOME port that uses many of the techniques outlined in this document. Please use it as a guide for creating new ports.

    # $FreeBSD$

    PORTNAME=	regexxer
    DISTVERSION=	0.10
    CATEGORIES=	devel textproc gnome
    MASTER_SITES=	GNOME

    MAINTAINER=	kwm@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	Interactive tool for performing search and replace operations

    USES=		gettext gmake localbase:ldflags pathfix pkgconfig tar:xz
    GNU_CONFIGURE=	yes
    USE_GNOME=	gnomeprefix intlhack gtksourceviewmm3

    GLIB_SCHEMAS=	org.regexxer.gschema.xml

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

| The `USE_GNOME` macro without any arguments does not add any dependencies to the port. `USE_GNOME` cannot be set after bsd.port.pre.mk.

#### 6.10.3. Variables

This section explains which macros are available and how they are used. Like they are used in the above example. The GNOME Components has a more in-depth explanation. `USE_GNOME` has to be set for these macros to be of use.

`GLIB_SCHEMAS`

  List of all the glib schema files the port installs. The macro will add the files to the port plist and handle the registration of these files on install and deinstall.

  The glib schema files are written in XML and end with the gschema.xml extension. They are installed in the share/glib-2.0/schemas/ directory. These schema files contain all application config values with their default settings. The actual database used by the applications is built by glib-compile-schema, which is run by the `GLIB_SCHEMAS` macro.

      GLIB_SCHEMAS=foo.gschema.xml

  | Do not add glib schemas to the pkg-plist. If they are listed in pkg-plist, they will not be registered and the applications might not work properly.

`GCONF_SCHEMAS`

  List all the gconf schema files. The macro will add the schema files to the port plist and will handle their registration on install and deinstall.

  GConf is the XML-based database that virtually all GNOME applications use for storing their settings. These files are installed into the etc/gconf/schemas directory. This database is defined by installed schema files that are used to generate %gconf.xml key files. For each schema file installed by the port, there must be an entry in the Makefile:

      GCONF_SCHEMAS=my_app.schemas my_app2.schemas my_app3.schemas

  | Gconf schemas are listed in the `GCONF_SCHEMAS` macro rather than pkg-plist. If they are listed in pkg-plist, they will not be registered and the applications might not work properly.

`INSTALLS_OMF`

  Open Source Metadata Framework (OMF) files are commonly used by GNOME 2 applications. These files contain the application help file information, and require special processing by ScrollKeeper/rarian. To properly register OMF files when installing GNOME applications from packages, make sure that `omf` files are listed in `pkg-plist` and that the port Makefile has `INSTALLS_OMF` defined:

      INSTALLS_OMF=yes

  When set, bsd.gnome.mk automatically scans pkg-plist and adds appropriate `@exec` and `@unexec` directives for each .omf to track in the OMF registration database.

### 6.11. GNOME Components

For further help with a GNOME port, look at some of the existing ports for examples. The FreeBSD GNOME page has contact information if more help is needed. The components are divided into GNOME components that are currently in use and legacy components. If the component supports argument, they are listed between parenthesis in the description. The first is the default. "Both" is shown if the component defaults to adding to both build and run dependencies.

表 16. GNOME Components
Component | Associated program | Description
--- | --- | ---
`atk` | accessibility/atk | Accessibility toolkit (ATK)
`atkmm` | accessibility/atkmm | c++ bindings for atk
`cairo` | graphics/cairo | Vector graphics library with cross-device output support
`cairomm` | graphics/cairomm | c++ bindings for cairo
`dconf` | devel/dconf | Configuration database system (both, build, run)
`evolutiondataserver3` | databases/evolution-data-server | Data backends for the Evolution integrated mail/PIM suite
`gdkpixbuf2` | graphics/gdk-pixbuf2 | Graphics library for GTK+
`glib20` | devel/glib20 | GNOME core library `glib20`
`glibmm` | devel/glibmm | c++ bindings for glib20
`gnomecontrolcenter3` | sysutils/gnome-control-center | GNOME 3 Control Center
`gnomedesktop3` | x11/gnome-desktop | GNOME 3 desktop UI library
`gsound` | audio/gsound | GObject library for playing system sounds (both, build, run)
`gtk-update-icon-cache` | graphics/gtk-update-icon-cache | Gtk-update-icon-cache utility from the Gtk+ toolkit
`gtk20` | x11-toolkits/gtk20 | Gtk+ 2 toolkit
`gtk30` | x11-toolkits/gtk30 | Gtk+ 3 toolkit
`gtkmm20` | x11-toolkits/gtkmm20 | c++ bindings 2.0 for the gtk20 toolkit
`gtkmm24` | x11-toolkits/gtkmm24 | c++ bindings 2.4 for the gtk20 toolkit
`gtkmm30` | x11-toolkits/gtkmm30 | c++ bindings 3.0 for the gtk30 toolkit
`gtksourceview2` | x11-toolkits/gtksourceview2 | Widget that adds syntax highlighting to GtkTextView
`gtksourceview3` | x11-toolkits/gtksourceview3 | Text widget that adds syntax highlighting to the GtkTextView widget
`gtksourceviewmm3` | x11-toolkits/gtksourceviewmm3 | c++ bindings for the gtksourceview3 library
`gvfs` | devel/gvfs | GNOME virtual file system
`intltool` | textproc/intltool | Tool for internationalization (also see intlhack)
`introspection` | devel/gobject-introspection | Basic introspection bindings and tools to generate introspection bindings. Most of the time :build is enough, :both/:run is only need for applications that use introspection bindings. (both, build, run)
`libgda5` | databases/libgda5 | Provides uniform access to different kinds of data sources
`libgda5-ui` | databases/libgda5-ui | UI library from the libgda5 library
`libgdamm5` | databases/libgdamm5 | c++ bindings for the libgda5 library
`libgsf` | devel/libgsf | Extensible I/O abstraction for dealing with structured file formats
`librsvg2` | graphics/librsvg2 | Library for parsing and rendering SVG vector-graphic files
`libsigc++20` | devel/libsigc++20 | Callback Framework for C++
`libxml++26` | textproc/libxml++26 | c++ bindings for the libxml2 library
`libxml2` | textproc/libxml2 | XML parser library (both, build, run)
`libxslt` | textproc/libxslt | XSLT C library (both, build, run)
`metacity` | x11-wm/metacity | Window manager from GNOME
`nautilus3` | x11-fm/nautilus | GNOME file manager
`pango` | x11-toolkits/pango | Open-source framework for the layout and rendering of i18n text
`pangomm` | x11-toolkits/pangomm | c++ bindings for the pango library
`py3gobject3` | devel/py3-gobject3 | Python 3, GObject 3.0 bindings
`pygobject3` | devel/py-gobject3 | Python 2, GObject 3.0 bindings
`vte3` | x11-toolkits/vte3 | Terminal widget with improved accessibility and I18N support

表 17. GNOME Macro Components
Component | Description
--- | ---
`gnomeprefix` | Supply `configure` with some default locations.
`intlhack` | Same as intltool, but patches to make sure share/locale/ is used. Please only use when `intltool` alone is not enough.
`referencehack` | This macro is there to help splitting of the API or reference documentation into its own port.

表 18. GNOME Legacy Components
Component | Associated program | Description
--- | --- | ---
`atspi` | accessibility/at-spi | Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface
`esound` | audio/esound | Enlightenment sound package
`gal2` | x11-toolkits/gal2 | Collection of widgets taken from GNOME 2 gnumeric
`gconf2` | devel/gconf2 | Configuration database system for GNOME 2
`gconfmm26` | devel/gconfmm26 | c++ bindings for gconf2
`gdkpixbuf` | graphics/gdk-pixbuf | Graphics library for GTK+
`glib12` | devel/glib12 | glib 1.2 core library
`gnomedocutils` | textproc/gnome-doc-utils | GNOME doc utils
`gnomemimedata` | misc/gnome-mime-data | MIME and Application database for GNOME 2
`gnomesharp20` | x11-toolkits/gnome-sharp20 | GNOME 2 interfaces for the .NET runtime
`gnomespeech` | accessibility/gnome-speech | GNOME 2 text-to-speech API
`gnomevfs2` | devel/gnome-vfs | GNOME 2 Virtual File System
`gtk12` | x11-toolkits/gtk12 | Gtk+ 1.2 toolkit
`gtkhtml3` | www/gtkhtml3 | Lightweight HTML rendering/printing/editing engine
`gtkhtml4` | www/gtkhtml4 | Lightweight HTML rendering/printing/editing engine
`gtksharp20` | x11-toolkits/gtk-sharp20 | GTK+ and GNOME 2 interfaces for the .NET runtime
`gtksourceview` | x11-toolkits/gtksourceview | Widget that adds syntax highlighting to GtkTextView
`libartgpl2` | graphics/libart_lgpl | Library for high-performance 2D graphics
`libbonobo` | devel/libbonobo | Component and compound document system for GNOME 2
`libbonoboui` | x11-toolkits/libbonoboui | GUI frontend to the libbonobo component of GNOME 2
`libgda4` | databases/libgda4 | Provides uniform access to different kinds of data sources
`libglade2` | devel/libglade2 | GNOME 2 glade library
`libgnome` | x11/libgnome | Libraries for GNOME 2, a GNU desktop environment
`libgnomecanvas` | graphics/libgnomecanvas | Graphics library for GNOME 2
`libgnomekbd` | x11/libgnomekbd | GNOME 2 keyboard shared library
`libgnomeprint` | print/libgnomeprint | Gnome 2 print support library
`libgnomeprintui` | x11-toolkits/libgnomeprintui | Gnome 2 print support library
`libgnomeui` | x11-toolkits/libgnomeui | Libraries for the GNOME 2 GUI, a GNU desktop environment
`libgtkhtml` | www/libgtkhtml | Lightweight HTML rendering/printing/editing engine
`libgtksourceviewmm` | x11-toolkits/libgtksourceviewmm | c++ binding of GtkSourceView
`libidl` | devel/libIDL | Library for creating trees of CORBA IDL file
`libsigc++12` | devel/libsigc++12 | Callback Framework for C++
`libwnck` | x11-toolkits/libwnck | Library used for writing pagers and taskslists
`libwnck3` | x11-toolkits/libwnck3 | Library used for writing pagers and taskslists
`orbit2` | devel/ORBit2 | High-performance CORBA ORB with support for the C language
`pygnome2` | x11-toolkits/py-gnome2 | Python bindings for GNOME 2
`pygobject` | devel/py-gobject | Python 2, GObject 2.0 bindings
`pygtk2` | x11-toolkits/py-gtk2 | Set of Python bindings for GTK+
`pygtksourceview` | x11-toolkits/py-gtksourceview | Python bindings for GtkSourceView 2
`vte` | x11-toolkits/vte | Terminal widget with improved accessibility and I18N support

表 19. Deprecated Components: Do Not Use
Component | Description
--- | ---
`pangox-compat` | pangox-compat has been deprecated and split off from the pango package.

### 6.12. Using Qt

| For ports that are part of Qt itself, see `qt-dist`.

#### 6.12.1. Ports That Require Qt

The Ports Collection provides support for Qt 5 with `USES+=qt:5`. Set `USE_QT` to the list of required Qt components (libraries, tools, plugins).

The Qt framework exports a number of variables which can be used by ports, some of them listed below:

表 20. Variables Provided to Ports That Use Qt
`QMAKE` | Full path to `qmake` binary.
`LRELEASE` | Full path to `lrelease` utility.
`MOC` | Full path to `moc`.
`RCC` | Full path to `rcc`.
`UIC` | Full path to `uic`.
`QT_INCDIR` | Qt include directory.
`QT_LIBDIR` | Qt libraries path.
`QT_PLUGINDIR` | Qt plugins path.

#### 6.12.2. Component Selection

Individual Qt tool and library dependencies must be specified in `USE_QT`. Every component can be suffixed with `_build` or `_run`, the suffix indicating whether the dependency on the component is at buildtime or runtime. If unsuffixed, the component will be depended on at both build- and runtime. Usually, library components are specified unsuffixed, tool components are mostly specified with the `_build` suffix and plugin components are specified with the `_run` suffix. The most commonly used components are listed below (all available components are listed in `_USE_QT_ALL`, and `_USE_QT5_ONLY` in /usr/ports/Mk/Uses/qt.mk):

表 21. Available Qt Library Components
Name | Description
--- | ---
`3d` | Qt3D module
`assistant` | Qt 5 documentation browser
`canvas3d` | Qt canvas3d module
`charts` | Qt 5 charts module
`concurrent` | Qt multi-threading module
`connectivity` | Qt connectivity (Bluetooth/NFC) module
`core` | Qt core non-graphical module
`datavis3d` | Qt 5 3D data visualization module
`dbus` | Qt D-Bus inter-process communication module
`declarative` | Qt declarative framework for dynamic user interfaces
`designer` | Qt 5 graphical user interface designer
`diag` | Tool for reporting diagnostic information about Qt and its environment
`doc` | Qt 5 documentation
`examples` | Qt 5 examples sourcecode
`gamepad` | Qt 5 Gamepad Module
`graphicaleffects` | Qt Quick graphical effects
`gui` | Qt graphical user interface module
`help` | Qt online help integration module
`l10n` | Qt localized messages
`linguist` | Qt 5 translation tool
`location` | Qt location module
`multimedia` | Qt audio, video, radio and camera support module
`network` | Qt network module
`networkauth` | Qt network auth module
`opengl` | Qt 5-compatible OpenGL support module
`paths` | Command line client to QStandardPaths
`phonon4` | KDE multimedia framework
`pixeltool` | Qt 5 screen magnifier
`plugininfo` | Qt5 plugin metadata dumper
`printsupport` | Qt print support module
`qdbus` | Qt command-line interface to D-Bus
`qdbusviewer` | Qt 5 graphical interface to D-Bus
`qdoc` | Qt documentation generator
`qdoc-data` | QDoc configuration files
`qev` | Qt QWidget events introspection tool
`qmake` | Qt Makefile generator
`quickcontrols` | Set of controls for building complete interfaces in Qt Quick
`quickcontrols2` | Set of controls for building complete interfaces in Qt Quick
`remoteobjects` | Qt5 SXCML module
`script` | Qt 4-compatible scripting module
`scripttools` | Qt Script additional components
`scxml` | Qt5 SXCML module
`sensors` | Qt sensors module
`serialbus` | Qt functions to access industrial bus systems
`serialport` | Qt functions to access serial ports
`speech` | Accessibilty features for Qt5
`sql` | Qt SQL database integration module
`sql-ibase` | Qt InterBase/Firebird database plugin
`sql-mysql` | Qt MySQL database plugin
`sql-odbc` | Qt Open Database Connectivity plugin
`sql-pgsql` | Qt PostgreSQL database plugin
`sql-sqlite2` | Qt SQLite 2 database plugin
`sql-sqlite3` | Qt SQLite 3 database plugin
`sql-tds` | Qt TDS Database Connectivity database plugin
`svg` | Qt SVG support module
`testlib` | Qt unit testing module
`uiplugin` | Custom Qt widget plugin interface for Qt Designer
`uitools` | Qt Designer UI forms support module
`virtualkeyboard` | Qt 5 Virtual Keyboard Module
`wayland` | Qt5 wrapper for Wayland
`webchannel` | Qt 5 library for integration of C++/QML with HTML/js clients
`webengine` | Qt 5 library to render web content
`webkit` | QtWebKit with a more modern WebKit code base
`websockets` | Qt implementation of WebSocket protocol
`websockets-qml` | Qt implementation of WebSocket protocol (QML bindings)
`webview` | Qt component for displaying web content
`widgets` | Qt C++ widgets module
`x11extras` | Qt platform-specific features for X11-based systems
`xml` | Qt SAX and DOM implementations
`xmlpatterns` | Qt support for XPath, XQuery, XSLT and XML Schema

To determine the libraries an application depends on, run `ldd` on the main executable after a successful compilation.

表 22. Available Qt Tool Components
Name | Description
--- | ---
`buildtools` | build tools (`moc`, `rcc`), needed for almost every Qt application.
`linguisttools` | localization tools: `lrelease`, `lupdate`
`qmake` | Makefile generator/build utility

表 23. Available Qt Plugin Components
Name | Description
--- | ---
`imageformats` | plugins for TGA, TIFF, and MNG image formats

例 73. Selecting Qt 5 Components

In this example, the ported application uses the Qt 5 graphical user interface library, the Qt 5 core library, all of the Qt 5 code generation tools and Qt 5’s Makefile generator. Since the `gui` library implies a dependency on the core library, `core` does not need to be specified. The Qt 5 code generation tools `moc`, `uic` and `rcc`, as well as the Makefile generator `qmake` are only needed at buildtime, thus they are specified with the `_build` suffix:

    USES=	qt:5
    USE_QT=	gui buildtools_build qmake_build

#### 6.12.3. Using `qmake`

If the application provides a qmake project file (*.pro), define `USES= qmake` along with `USE_QT`. `USES= qmake` already implies a build dependency on qmake, therefore the qmake component can be omitted from `USE_QT`. Similar to CMake, qmake supports out-of-source builds, which can be enabled by specifying the `outsource` argument (see `USES= qmake` example). Also see Possible Arguments for `USES= qmake`.

表 24. Possible Arguments for `USES= qmake`
Variable | Description
--- | ---
`no_configure` | Do not add the configure target. This is implied by `HAS_CONFIGURE=yes` and `GNU_CONFIGURE=yes`. It is required when the build only needs the environment setup from `USES= qmake`, but otherwise runs `qmake` on its own.
`no_env` | Suppress modification of the configure and make environments. It is only required when `qmake` is used to configure the software and the build fails to understand the environment setup by `USES= qmake`.
`norecursive` | Do not pass the `-recursive` argument to `qmake`.
`outsource` | Perform an out-of-source build.

表 25. Variables for Ports That Use `qmake`
Variable | Description
--- | ---
`QMAKE_ARGS` | Port specific qmake flags to be passed to the `qmake` binary.
`QMAKE_ENV` | Environment variables to be set for the `qmake` binary. The default is `${CONFIGURE_ENV}`.
`QMAKE_SOURCE_PATH` | Path to qmake project files (.pro). The default is `${WRKSRC}` if an out-of-source build is requested, empty otherwise.

When using `USES= qmake`, these settings are deployed:

    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--with-qt-includes=${QT_INCDIR} \
    			--with-qt-libraries=${QT_LIBDIR} \
    			--with-extra-libs=${LOCALBASE}/lib \
    			--with-extra-includes=${LOCALBASE}/include

    CONFIGURE_ENV+=	QTDIR="${QT_PREFIX}" QMAKE="${QMAKE}" \
    		MOC="${MOC}" RCC="${RCC}" UIC="${UIC}" \
    		QMAKESPEC="${QMAKESPEC}"

    PLIST_SUB+=	QT_INCDIR=${QT_INCDIR_REL} \
    		QT_LIBDIR=${QT_LIBDIR_REL} \
    		QT_PLUGINDIR=${QT_PLUGINDIR_REL}

Some configure scripts do not support the arguments above. To suppress modification of `CONFIGURE_ENV` and `CONFIGURE_ARGS`, set `USES= qmake:no_env`.

例 74. `USES= qmake` Example

This snippet demonstrates the use of qmake for a Qt 5 port:

    USES=	qmake:outsource qt:5
    USE_QT=	buildtools_build

Qt applications are often written to be cross-platform and often X11/Unix is not the platform they are developed on, which in turn leads to certain loose ends, like:

- Missing additional include paths. Many applications come with system tray icon support, but neglect to look for includes and/or libraries in the X11 directories. To add directories to `qmake’s include and library search paths via the command line, use:

      QMAKE_ARGS+=	INCLUDEPATH+=${LOCALBASE}/include \
      		LIBS+=-L${LOCALBASE}/lib

- Bogus installation paths. Sometimes data such as icons or .desktop files are by default installed into directories which are not scanned by XDG-compatible applications. editors/texmaker is an example for this - look at patch-texmaker.pro in the files directory of that port for a template on how to remedy this directly in the `qmake` project file.

### 6.13. Using KDE

#### 6.13.1. KDE Variable Definitions

If the application depends on KDE, set `USES+=kde:5` and `USE_KDE` to the list of required components. `_build` and `_run` suffixes can be used to force components dependency type (for example, `baseapps_run`). If no suffix is set, a default dependency type will be used. To force both types, add the component twice with both suffixes (for example, `ecm_build ecm_run`). Available components are listed below (up-to-date components are also listed in /usr/ports/Mk/Uses/kde.mk):

表 26. Available KDE Components
Name | Description
--- | ---
`activities` | KF5 runtime and library to organize work in separate activities
`activities-stats` | KF5 statistics for activities
`activitymanagerd` | System service to manage user’s activities, track the usage patterns
`akonadi` | Storage server for KDE-Pim
`akonadicalendar` | Akonadi Calendar Integration
`akonadiconsole` | Akonadi management and debugging console
`akonadicontacts` | Libraries and daemons to implement Contact Management in Akonadi
`akonadiimportwizard` | Import data from other mail clients to KMail
`akonadimime` | Libraries and daemons to implement basic email handling
`akonadinotes` | KDE library for accessing mail storages in MBox format
`akonadisearch` | Libraries and daemons to implement searching in Akonadi
`akregator` | A Feed Reader by KDE
`alarmcalendar` | KDE API for KAlarm alarms
`apidox` | KF5 API Documentation Tools
`archive` | KF5 library that provides classes for handling archive formats
`attica` | Open Collaboration Services API library KDE5 version
`attica5` | Open Collaboration Services API library KDE5 version
`auth` | KF5 abstraction to system policy and authentication features
`baloo` | KF5 Framework for searching and managing user metadata
`baloo-widgets` | BalooWidgets library
`baloo5` | KF5 Framework for searching and managing user metadata
`blog` | KDE API for weblogging access
`bookmarks` | KF5 library for bookmarks and the XBEL format
`breeze` | Plasma5 artwork, styles and assets for the Breeze visual style
`breeze-gtk` | Plasma5 Breeze visual style for Gtk
`breeze-icons` | Breeze icon theme for KDE
`calendarcore` | KDE calendar access library
`calendarsupport` | Calendar support libraries for KDEPim
`calendarutils` | KDE utility and user interface functions for accessing calendar
`codecs` | KF5 library for string manipulation
`completion` | KF5 text completion helpers and widgets
`config` | KF5 widgets for configuration dialogs
`configwidgets` | KF5 widgets for configuration dialogs
`contacts` | KDE api to manage contact information
`coreaddons` | KF5 addons to QtCore
`crash` | KF5 library to handle crash analysis and bug report from apps
`dbusaddons` | KF5 addons to QtDBus
`decoration` | Plasma5 library to create window decorations
`designerplugin` | KF5 integration of Frameworks widgets in Qt Designer/Creator
`discover` | Plasma5 package management tools
`dnssd` | KF5 abstraction to system DNSSD features
`doctools` | KF5 documentation generation from docbook
`drkonqi` | Plasma5 crash handler
`ecm` | Extra modules and scripts for CMake
`emoticons` | KF5 library to convert emoticons
`eventviews` | Event view libriares for KDEPim
`filemetadata` | KF5 library for extracting file metadata
`frameworkintegration` | KF5 workspace and cross-framework integration plugins
`gapi` | KDE based library to access google services
`globalaccel` | KF5 library to add support for global workspace shortcuts
`grantlee-editor` | Editor for Grantlee themes
`grantleetheme` | KDE PIM grantleetheme
`gravatar` | Library for gravatar support
`guiaddons` | KF5 addons to QtGui
`holidays` | KDE library for calendar holidays
`hotkeys` | Plasma5 library for hotkeys
`i18n` | KF5 advanced internationalization framework
`iconthemes` | KF5 library for handling icons in applications
`identitymanagement` | KDE pim identities
`idletime` | KF5 library for monitoring user activity
`imap` | KDE API for IMAP support
`incidenceeditor` | Incidence editor libriares for KDEPim
`infocenter` | Plasma5 utility providing system information
`init` | KF5 process launcher to speed up launching KDE applications
`itemmodels` | KF5 models for Qt Model/View system
`itemviews` | KF5 widget addons for Qt Model/View
`jobwidgets` | KF5 widgets for tracking KJob instance
`js` | KF5 library providing an ECMAScript interpreter
`jsembed` | KF5 library for binding JavaScript objects to QObjects
`kaddressbook` | KDE contact manager
`kalarm` | Personal alarm scheduler
`kalarm` | Personal alarm scheduler
`kate` | Basic editor framework for the KDE system
`kcmutils` | KF5 utilities for working with KCModules
`kde-cli-tools` | Plasma5 non-interactive system tools
`kde-gtk-config` | Plasma5 GTK2 and GTK3 configurator
`kdeclarative` | KF5 library providing integration of QML and KDE Frameworks
`kded` | KF5 extensible daemon for providing system level services
`kdelibs4support` | KF5 porting aid from KDELibs4
`kdepim-addons` | KDE PIM addons
`kdepim-apps-libs` | KDE PIM mail related libraries
`kdepim-runtime5` | KDE PIM tools and services
`kdeplasma-addons` | Plasma5 addons to improve the Plasma experience
`kdesu` | KF5 integration with su for elevated privileges
`kdewebkit` | KF5 library providing integration of QtWebKit
`kgamma5` | Plasma5 monitor’s gamma settings
`khtml` | KF5 KTHML rendering engine
`kimageformats` | KF5 library providing support for additional image formats
`kio` | KF5 resource and network access abstraction
`kirigami2` | QtQuick based components set
`kitinerary` | Data Model and Extraction System for Travel Reservation information
`kmail` | KDE mail client
`kmail` | KDE mail client
`kmail-account-wizard` | KDE mail account wizard
`kmenuedit` | Plasma5 menu editor
`knotes` | Popup notes
`kontact` | KDE Personal Information Manager
`kontact` | KDE Personal Information Manager
`kontactinterface` | KDE glue for embedding KParts into Kontact
`korganizer` | Calendar and scheduling Program
`kpimdav` | A DAV protocol implementation with KJobs
`kpkpass` | Library to deal with Apple Wallet pass files
`kross` | KF5 multi-language application scripting
`kscreen` | Plasma5 screen management library
`kscreenlocker` | Plasma5 secure lock screen architecture
`ksmtp` | Job-based library to send email through an SMTP server
`ksshaskpass` | Plasma5 ssh-add frontend
`ksysguard` | Plasma5 utility to track and control the running processes
`kwallet-pam` | Plasma5 KWallet PAM Integration
`kwayland-integration` | Integration plugins for a Wayland-based desktop
`kwin` | Plasma5 window manager
`kwrited` | Plasma5 daemon listening for wall and write messages
`ldap` | LDAP access API for KDE
`libkcddb` | KDE CDDB library
`libkcompactdisc` | KDE library for interfacing with audio CDs
`libkdcraw` | LibRaw interface for KDE
`libkdegames` | Libraries used by KDE games
`libkdepim` | KDE PIM Libraries
`libkeduvocdocument` | Library for reading and writing vocabulary files
`libkexiv2` | Exiv2 library interface for KDE
`libkipi` | KDE Image Plugin Interface
`libkleo` | Certificate manager for KDE
`libksane` | SANE library interface for KDE
`libkscreen` | Plasma5 screen management library
`libksieve` | Sieve libriares for KDEPim
`libksysguard` | Plasma5 library to track and control running processes
`mailcommon` | Common libriares for KDEPim
`mailimporter` | Import mbox files to KMail
`mailtransport` | KDE library to managing mail transport
`marble` | Virtual globe and world atlas for KDE
`mbox` | KDE library for accessing mail storages in MBox format
`mbox-importer` | Import mbox files to KMail
`mediaplayer` | KF5 plugin interface for media player features
`messagelib` | Library for handling messages
`milou` | Plasma5 Plasmoid for search
`mime` | Library for handling MIME data
`newstuff` | KF5 library for downloading application assets from the network
`notifications` | KF5 abstraction for system notifications
`notifyconfig` | KF5 configuration system for KNotify
`okular` | KDE universal document viewer
`oxygen` | Plasma5 Oxygen style
`oxygen-icons5` | The Oxygen icon theme for KDE
`package` | KF5 library to load and install packages
`parts` | KF5 document centric plugin system
`people` | KF5 library providing access to contacts
`pim-data-exporter` | Import and export KDE PIM settings
`pimcommon` | Common libriares for KDEPim
`pimtextedit` | KDE library for PIM-specific text editing utilities
`plasma-browser-integration` | Plasma5 components to integrate browsers into the desktop
`plasma-desktop` | Plasma5 plasma desktop
`plasma-framework` | KF5 plugin based UI runtime used to write user interfaces
`plasma-integration` | Qt Platform Theme integration plugins for the Plasma workspaces
`plasma-pa` | Plasma5 Plasma pulse audio mixer
`plasma-sdk` | Plasma5 applications useful for Plasma development
`plasma-workspace` | Plasma5 Plasma workspace
`plasma-workspace-wallpapers` | Plasma5 wallpapers
`plotting` | KF5 lightweight plotting framework
`polkit-kde-agent-1` | Plasma5 daemon providing a polkit authentication UI
`powerdevil` | Plasma5 tool to manage the power consumption settings
`prison` | API to produce barcodes
`pty` | KF5 pty abstraction
`purpose` | Offers available actions for a specific purpose
`qqc2-desktop-style` | Qt QuickControl2 style for KDE
`runner` | KF5 parallelized query system
`service` | KF5 advanced plugin and service introspection
`solid` | KF5 hardware integration and detection
`sonnet` | KF5 plugin-based spell checking library
`syndication` | KDE RSS feed handling library
`syntaxhighlighting` | KF5 syntax highlighting engine for structured text and code
`systemsettings` | Plasma5 system settings
`texteditor` | KF5 advanced embeddable text editor
`textwidgets` | KF5 advanced text editing widgets
`threadweaver` | KF5 addons to QtDBus
`tnef` | KDE API for the handling of TNEF data
`unitconversion` | KF5 library for unit conversion
`user-manager` | Plasma5 user manager
`wallet` | KF5 secure and unified container for user passwords
`wayland` | KF5 Client and Server library wrapper for the Wayland libraries
`widgetsaddons` | KF5 addons to QtWidgets
`windowsystem` | KF5 library for access to the windowing system
`xmlgui` | KF5 user configurable main windows
`xmlrpcclient` | KF5 interaction with XMLRPC services

例 75. `USE_KDE` Example

This is a simple example for a KDE port. `USES= cmake` instructs the port to utilize CMake, a configuration tool widely used by KDE projects (see Using `cmake` for detailed usage). `USE_KDE` brings dependency on KDE libraries. Required KDE components and other dependencies can be determined through the configure log. `USE_KDE` does not imply `USE_QT`. If a port requires some Qt components, specify them in `USE_QT`.

    USES=		cmake kde:5 qt:5
    USE_KDE=	ecm
    USE_QT=		core buildtools_build qmake_build

### 6.14. Using LXQt

Applications depending on LXQt should set `USES+= lxqt` and set `USE_LXQT` to the list of required components from the table below

表 27. Available LXQt Components
Name | Description
--- | ---
`buildtools` | Helpers for additional CMake modules
`libfmqt` | Libfm Qt bindings
`lxqt` | LXQt core library
`qtxdg` | Qt implementation of freedesktop.org XDG specifications

例 76. `USE_LXQT` Example

This is a simple example, `USE_LXQT` adds a dependency on LXQt libraries. Required LXQt components and other dependencies can be determined from the configure log.

    USES=	cmake lxqt qt:5 tar:xz
    USE_QT=		core dbus widgets buildtools_build qmake_build
    USE_LXQT=	buildtools libfmqt

### 6.15. Using Java

#### 6.15.1. Variable Definitions

If the port needs a Java™ Development Kit (JDK™) to either build, run or even extract the distfile, then define `USE_JAVA`.

There are several JDKs in the ports collection, from various vendors, and in several versions. If the port must use a particular version, specify it using the `JAVA_VERSION` variable. The most current version is java/openjdk16, with java/openjdk15, java/openjdk14, java/openjdk13, java/openjdk12, java/openjdk11, java/openjdk8, and java/openjdk7 also available.

表 28. Variables Which May be Set by Ports That Use Java
Variable | Means
--- | ---
`USE_JAVA` | Define for the remaining variables to have any effect.
`JAVA_VERSION` | List of space-separated suitable Java versions for the port. An optional `""` allows specifying a range of versions (allowed values: `7[] 8[] 11[] 12[] 13[] 14[] 15[] 16[+]`).
`JAVA_OS` | List of space-separated suitable JDK port operating systems for the port (allowed values: `native linux`).
`JAVA_VENDOR` | List of space-separated suitable JDK port vendors for the port (allowed values: `openjdk oracle`).
`JAVA_BUILD` | When set, add the selected JDK port to the build dependencies.
`JAVA_RUN` | When set, add the selected JDK port to the run dependencies.
`JAVA_EXTRACT` | When set, add the selected JDK port to the extract dependencies.

Below is the list of all settings a port will receive after setting `USE_JAVA`:

表 29. Variables Provided to Ports That Use Java
Variable | Value
--- | ---
`JAVA_PORT` | The name of the JDK port (for example, `java/openjdk6`).
`JAVA_PORT_VERSION` | The full version of the JDK port (for example, `1.6.0`). Only the first two digits of this version number are needed, use `${JAVA_PORT_VERSION:C/^([0-9])\.([0-9])(.*)$/\1.\2/}`.
`JAVA_PORT_OS` | The operating system used by the JDK port (for example, `'native'`).
`JAVA_PORT_VENDOR` | The vendor of the JDK port (for example, `'openjdk'`).
`JAVA_PORT_OS_DESCRIPTION` | Description of the operating system used by the JDK port (for example, `'Native'`).
`JAVA_PORT_VENDOR_DESCRIPTION` | Description of the vendor of the JDK port (for example, `'OpenJDK BSD Porting Team'`).
`JAVA_HOME` | Path to the installation directory of the JDK (for example, '/usr/local/openjdk6').
`JAVAC` | Path to the Java compiler to use (for example, '/usr/local/openjdk6/bin/javac').
`JAR` | Path to the `jar` tool to use (for example, '/usr/local/openjdk6/bin/jar' or '/usr/local/bin/fastjar').
`APPLETVIEWER` | Path to the `appletviewer` utility (for example, '/usr/local/openjdk6/bin/appletviewer').
`JAVA` | Path to the `java` executable. Use this for executing Java programs (for example, '/usr/local/openjdk6/bin/java').
`JAVADOC` | Path to the `javadoc` utility program.
`JAVAH` | Path to the `javah` program.
`JAVAP` | Path to the `javap` program.
`JAVA_KEYTOOL` | Path to the `keytool` utility program.
`JAVA_N2A` | Path to the `native2ascii` tool.
`JAVA_POLICYTOOL` | Path to the `policytool` program.
`JAVA_SERIALVER` | Path to the `serialver` utility program.
`RMIC` | Path to the RMI stub/skeleton generator, `rmic`.
`RMIREGISTRY` | Path to the RMI registry program, `rmiregistry`.
`RMID` | Path to the RMI daemon program `rmid`.
`JAVA_CLASSES` | Path to the archive that contains the JDK class files, ${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/rt.jar.

Use the `java-debug` make target to get information for debugging the port. It will display the value of many of the previously listed variables.

Additionally, these constants are defined so all Java ports may be installed in a consistent way:

表 30. Constants Defined for Ports That Use Java
Constant | Value
--- | ---
`JAVASHAREDIR` | The base directory for everything related to Java. Default: ${PREFIX}/share/java.
`JAVAJARDIR` | The directory where JAR files is installed. Default: ${JAVASHAREDIR}/classes.
`JAVALIBDIR` | The directory where JAR files installed by other ports are located. Default: ${LOCALBASE}/share/java/classes.

The related entries are defined in both `PLIST_SUB` (documented in Changing pkg-plist Based on Make Variables) and `SUB_LIST`.

#### 6.15.2. Building with Ant

When the port is to be built using Apache Ant, it has to define `USE_ANT`. Ant is thus considered to be the sub-make command. When no `do-build` target is defined by the port, a default one will be set that runs Ant according to `MAKE_ENV`, `MAKE_ARGS` and `ALL_TARGET`. This is similar to the `USES= gmake` mechanism, which is documented in Building Mechanisms.

#### 6.15.3. Best Practices

When porting a Java library, the port has to install the JAR file(s) in ${JAVAJARDIR}, and everything else under ${JAVASHAREDIR}/${PORTNAME} (except for the documentation, see below). To reduce the packing file size, reference the JAR file(s) directly in the Makefile. Use this statement (where myport.jar is the name of the JAR file installed as part of the port):

    PLIST_FILES+=	${JAVAJARDIR}/myport.jar

When porting a Java application, the port usually installs everything under a single directory (including its JAR dependencies). The use of ${JAVASHAREDIR}/${PORTNAME} is strongly encouraged in this regard. It is up the porter to decide whether the port installs the additional JAR dependencies under this directory or uses the already installed ones (from ${JAVAJARDIR}).

When porting a Java™ application that requires an application server such as www/tomcat7 to run the service, it is quite common for a vendor to distribute a .war. A .war is a Web application ARchive and is extracted when called by the application. Avoid adding a .war to pkg-plist. It is not considered best practice. An application server will expand war archive, but not clean it up properly if the port is removed. A more desirable way of working with this file is to extract the archive, then install the files, and lastly add these files to pkg-plist.

    TOMCATDIR=	${LOCALBASE}/apache-tomcat-7.0
    WEBAPPDIR=	myapplication

    post-extract:
    	@${MKDIR} ${WRKDIR}/${PORTDIRNAME}
    	@${TAR} xf ${WRKDIR}/myapplication.war -C ${WRKDIR}/${PORTDIRNAME}

    do-install:
    	cd ${WRKDIR} && \
    	${INSTALL} -d -o ${WWWOWN} -g ${WWWGRP} ${TOMCATDIR}/webapps/${PORTDIRNAME}
    	cd ${WRKDIR}/${PORTDIRNAME} && ${COPYTREE_SHARE} \* ${WEBAPPDIR}/${PORTDIRNAME}

Regardless of the type of port (library or application), the additional documentation is installed in the same location as for any other port. The Javadoc tool is known to produce a different set of files depending on the version of the JDK that is used. For ports that do not enforce the use of a particular JDK, it is therefore a complex task to specify the packing list (pkg-plist). This is one reason why porters are strongly encouraged to use `PORTDOCS`. Moreover, even if the set of files that will be generated by `javadoc` can be predicted, the size of the resulting pkg-plist advocates for the use of `PORTDOCS`.

The default value for `DATADIR` is ${PREFIX}/share/${PORTNAME}. It is a good idea to override `DATADIR` to ${JAVASHAREDIR}/${PORTNAME} for Java ports. Indeed, `DATADIR` is automatically added to `PLIST_SUB` (documented in Changing pkg-plist Based on Make Variables) so use `%%DATADIR%%` directly in pkg-plist.

As for the choice of building Java ports from source or directly installing them from a binary distribution, there is no defined policy at the time of writing. However, people from the FreeBSD Java Project encourage porters to have their ports built from source whenever it is a trivial task.

All the features that have been presented in this section are implemented in bsd.java.mk. If the port needs more sophisticated Java support, please first have a look at the bsd.java.mk Git log as it usually takes some time to document the latest features. Then, if the needed support that is lacking would be beneficial to many other Java ports, feel free to discuss it on the freebsd-java.

Although there is a `java` category for PRs, it refers to the JDK porting effort from the FreeBSD Java project. Therefore, submit the Java port in the `ports` category as for any other port, unless the issue is related to either a JDK implementation or bsd.java.mk.

Similarly, there is a defined policy regarding the `CATEGORIES` of a Java port, which is detailed in Categorization.

### 6.16. Web Applications, Apache and PHP

#### 6.16.1. Apache

表 31. Variables for Ports That Use Apache
`USE_APACHE` | The port requires Apache. Possible values: `yes` (gets any version), `22`, `24`, `22-24`, `22+`, etc. The default APACHE version is `22`. More details are available in ports/Mk/bsd.apache.mk and at wiki.freebsd.org/Apache/.
`APXS` | Full path to the `apxs` binary. Can be overridden in the port.
`HTTPD` | Full path to the `httpd` binary. Can be overridden in the port.
`APACHE_VERSION` | The version of present Apache installation (read-only variable). This variable is only available after inclusion of bsd.port.pre.mk. Possible values: `22`, `24`.
`APACHEMODDIR` | Directory for Apache modules. This variable is automatically expanded in pkg-plist.
`APACHEINCLUDEDIR` | Directory for Apache headers. This variable is automatically expanded in pkg-plist.
`APACHEETCDIR` | Directory for Apache configuration files. This variable is automatically expanded in pkg-plist.

表 32. Useful Variables for Porting Apache Modules
`MODULENAME` | Name of the module. Default value is `PORTNAME`. Example: `mod_hello`
`SHORTMODNAME` | Short name of the module. Automatically derived from `MODULENAME`, but can be overridden. Example: `hello`
`AP_FAST_BUILD` | Use `apxs` to compile and install the module.
`AP_GENPLIST` | Also automatically creates a pkg-plist.
`AP_INC` | Adds a directory to a header search path during compilation.
`AP_LIB` | Adds a directory to a library search path during compilation.
`AP_EXTRAS` | Additional flags to pass to `apxs`.

#### 6.16.2. Web Applications

Web applications must be installed into PREFIX/www/appname. This path is available both in Makefile and in pkg-plist as `WWWDIR`, and the path relative to `PREFIX` is available in Makefile as `WWWDIR_REL`.

The user and group of web server process are available as `WWWOWN` and `WWWGRP`, in case the ownership of some files needs to be changed. The default values of both are `www`. Use `WWWOWN?= myuser` and `WWWGRP?= mygroup` if the port needs different values. This allows the user to override them easily.

| Use `WWWOWN` and `WWWGRP` sparingly. Remember that every file the web server can write to is a security risk waiting to happen.

Do not depend on Apache unless the web app explicitly needs Apache. Respect that users may wish to run a web application on a web server other than Apache.

#### 6.16.3. PHP

PHP web applications declare their dependency on it with `USES=php`. See `php` for more information.

#### 6.16.4. PEAR Modules

Porting PEAR modules is a very simple process.

Add `USES=pear` to the port’s Makefile. The framework will install the relevant files in the right places and automatically generate the plist at install time.

例 77. Example Makefile for PEAR Class

    PORTNAME=       Date
    DISTVERSION=	1.4.3
    CATEGORIES=	devel www pear

    MAINTAINER=	example@domain.com
    COMMENT=	PEAR Date and Time Zone Classes

    USES=	pear

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

| PEAR modules will automatically be flavorized using PHP flavors.

| If a non default `PEAR_CHANNEL` is used, the build and run-time dependencies will automatically be added.

| PEAR modules do not need to defined `PKGNAMESUFFIX` it is automatically filled in using `PEAR_PKGNAMEPREFIX`. If a port needs to add to `PKGNAMEPREFIX`, it must also use `PEAR_PKGNAMEPREFIX` to differentiate between different flavors.

##### 6.16.4.1. Horde Modules

In the same way, porting Horde modules is a simple process.

Add `USES=horde` to the port’s Makefile. The framework will install the relevant files in the right places and automatically generate the plist at install time.

The `USE_HORDE_BUILD` and `USE_HORDE_RUN` variables can be used to add buildtime and runtime dependencies on other Horde modules. See Mk/Uses/horde.mk for a complete list of available modules.

例 78. Example Makefile for Horde Module

    PORTNAME=	Horde_Core
    DISTVERSION=	2.14.0
    CATEGORIES=	devel www pear

    MAINTAINER=	horde@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	Horde Core Framework libraries

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	KOLAB SOCKETS
    KOLAB_DESC=	Enable Kolab server support
    SOCKETS_DESC=	Depend on sockets PHP extension

    USES=	horde
    USE_PHP=	session

    USE_HORDE_BUILD=	Horde_Role
    USE_HORDE_RUN=	Horde_Role Horde_History Horde_Pack \
    		Horde_Text_Filter Horde_View

    KOLAB_USE=	HORDE_RUN=Horde_Kolab_Server,Horde_Kolab_Session
    SOCKETS_USE=	PHP=sockets

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

| As Horde modules are also PEAR modules they will also automatically be flavorized using PHP flavors.

### 6.17. Using Python

The Ports Collection supports parallel installation of multiple Python versions. Ports must use a correct `python` interpreter, according to the user-settable `PYTHON_VERSION`. Most prominently, this means replacing the path to `python` executable in scripts with the value of `PYTHON_CMD`.

Ports that install files under `PYTHON_SITELIBDIR` must use the `pyXY-` package name prefix, so their package name embeds the version of Python they are installed into.

    PKGNAMEPREFIX=	${PYTHON_PKGNAMEPREFIX}

表 33. Most Useful Variables for Ports That Use Python
`USES=python` | The port needs Python. The minimal required version can be specified with values such as `2.7+`. Version ranges can also be specified by separating two version numbers with a dash: `USES=python:3.2-3.3`
`USE_PYTHON=distutils` | Use Python distutils for configuring, compiling, and installing. This is required when the port comes with setup.py. This overrides the `do-build` and `do-install` targets and may also override `do-configure` if `GNU_CONFIGURE` is not defined. Additionally, it implies `USE_PYTHON=flavors`.
`USE_PYTHON=autoplist` | Create the packaging list automatically. This also requires `USE_PYTHON=distutils` to be set.
`USE_PYTHON=concurrent` | The port will use an unique prefix, typically `PYTHON_PKGNAMEPREFIX` for certain directories, such as `EXAMPLESDIR` and `DOCSDIR` and also will append a suffix, the python version from `PYTHON_VER`, to binaries and scripts to be installed. This allows ports to be installed for different Python versions at the same time, which otherwise would install conflicting files.
`USE_PYTHON=flavors` | The port does not use distutils but still supports multiple Python versions. `FLAVORS` will be set to the supported Python versions. See `USES`=python and Flavors for more information.
`USE_PYTHON=optsuffix` | If the current Python version is not the default version, the port will gain `PKGNAMESUFFIX=${PYTHON_PKGNAMESUFFIX}`. Only useful with flavors.
`PYTHON_PKGNAMEPREFIX` | Used as a `PKGNAMEPREFIX` to distinguish packages for different Python versions. Example: `py27-`
`PYTHON_SITELIBDIR` | Location of the site-packages tree, that contains installation path of Python (usually `LOCALBASE`). `PYTHON_SITELIBDIR` can be very useful when installing Python modules.
`PYTHONPREFIX_SITELIBDIR` | The PREFIX-clean variant of PYTHON_SITELIBDIR. Always use `%%PYTHON_SITELIBDIR%%` in pkg-plist when possible. The default value of `%%PYTHON_SITELIBDIR%%` is `lib/python%%PYTHON_VERSION%%/site-packages`
`PYTHON_CMD` | Python interpreter command line, including version number.

表 34. Python Module Dependency Helpers
`PYNUMERIC` | Dependency line for numeric extension.
`PYNUMPY` | Dependency line for the new numeric extension, numpy. (PYNUMERIC is deprecated by upstream vendor).
`PYXML` | Dependency line for XML extension (not needed for Python 2.0 and higher as it is also in base distribution).
`PY_ENUM34` | Conditional dependency on devel/py-enum34 depending on the Python version.
`PY_ENUM_COMPAT` | Conditional dependency on devel/py-enum-compat depending on the Python version.
`PY_PATHLIB` | Conditional dependency on devel/py-pathlib depending on the Python version.
`PY_IPADDRESS` | Conditional dependency on net/py-ipaddress depending on the Python version.
`PY_FUTURES` | Conditional dependency on devel/py-futures depending on the Python version.

A complete list of available variables can be found in /usr/ports/Mk/Uses/python.mk.

| All dependencies to Python ports using Python flavors (either with `USE_PYTHON=distutils` or `USE_PYTHON=flavors`) must have the Python flavor appended to their origin using `@${PY_FLAVOR}`. See Makefile for a Simple Python Module.

例 79. Makefile for a Simple Python Module

    PORTNAME=	sample
    DISTVERSION=	1.2.3
    CATEGORIES=	devel

    MAINTAINER=	john@doe.tld
    COMMENT=	Python sample module

    RUN_DEPENDS=	${PYTHON_PKGNAMEPREFIX}six>0:devel/py-six@${PY_FLAVOR}

    USES=		python
    USE_PYTHON=	autoplist distutils

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

Some Python applications claim to have `DESTDIR` support (which would be required for staging) but it is broken (Mailman up to 2.1.16, for instance). This can be worked around by recompiling the scripts. This can be done, for example, in the `post-build` target. Assuming the Python scripts are supposed to reside in `PYTHONPREFIX_SITELIBDIR` after installation, this solution can be applied:

    (cd ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX} \
      && ${PYTHON_CMD} ${PYTHON_LIBDIR}/compileall.py \
       -d ${PREFIX} -f ${PYTHONPREFIX_SITELIBDIR:S;${PREFIX}/;;})

This recompiles the sources with a path relative to the stage directory, and prepends the value of `PREFIX` to the file name recorded in the byte-compiled output file by `-d`. `-f` is required to force recompilation, and the `:S;${PREFIX}/;;` strips prefixes from the value of `PYTHONPREFIX_SITELIBDIR` to make it relative to `PREFIX`.

### 6.18. Using Tcl/Tk

The Ports Collection supports parallel installation of multiple Tcl/Tk versions. Ports should try to support at least the default Tcl/Tk version and higher with `USES=tcl`. It is possible to specify the desired version of `tcl` by appending `:_xx_`, for example, `USES=tcl:85`.

表 35. The Most Useful Read-Only Variables for Ports That Use Tcl/Tk
`TCL_VER` | chosen major.minor version of Tcl
`TCLSH` | full path of the Tcl interpreter
`TCL_LIBDIR` | path of the Tcl libraries
`TCL_INCLUDEDIR` | path of the Tcl C header files
`TK_VER` | chosen major.minor version of Tk
`WISH` | full path of the Tk interpreter
`TK_LIBDIR` | path of the Tk libraries
`TK_INCLUDEDIR` | path of the Tk C header files

See the `USES=tcl` and `USES=tk` of Using `USES` Macros for a full description of those variables. A complete list of those variables is available in /usr/ports/Mk/Uses/tcl.mk.

### 6.19. Using Ruby

表 36. Useful Variables for Ports That Use Ruby
Variable | Description
--- | ---
`USE_RUBY` | Adds build and run dependencies on Ruby.
`USE_RUBY_EXTCONF` | The port uses extconf.rb to configure.
`USE_RUBY_SETUP` | The port uses setup.rb to configure.
`RUBY_SETUP` | Override the name of the setup script from setup.rb. Another common value is install.rb.

This table shows the selected variables available to port authors via the ports infrastructure. These variables are used to install files into their proper locations. Use them in pkg-plist as much as possible. Do not redefine these variables in the port.

表 37. Selected Read-Only Variables for Ports That Use Ruby
Variable | Description | Example value
--- | --- | ---
`RUBY_PKGNAMEPREFIX` | Used as a `PKGNAMEPREFIX` to distinguish packages for different Ruby versions. | `ruby19-`
`RUBY_VERSION` | Full version of Ruby in the form of `x.y.z[.p]`. | `1.9.3.484`
`RUBY_SITELIBDIR` | Architecture independent libraries installation path. | `/usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9`
`RUBY_SITEARCHLIBDIR` | Architecture dependent libraries installation path. | `/usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9/amd64-freebsd10`
`RUBY_MODDOCDIR` | Module documentation installation path. | `/usr/local/share/doc/ruby19/patsy`
`RUBY_MODEXAMPLESDIR` | Module examples installation path. | `/usr/local/share/examples/ruby19/patsy`

A complete list of available variables can be found in /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.ruby.mk.

### 6.20. Using SDL

`USE_SDL` is used to autoconfigure the dependencies for ports which use an SDL based library like devel/sdl12 and graphics/sdl_image.

These SDL libraries for version 1.2 are recognized:

- sdl: devel/sdl12

- console: devel/sdl_console

- gfx: graphics/sdl_gfx

- image: graphics/sdl_image

- mixer: audio/sdl_mixer

- mm: devel/sdlmm

- net: net/sdl_net

- pango: x11-toolkits/sdl_pango

- sound: audio/sdl_sound

- ttf: graphics/sdl_ttf

These SDL libraries for version 2.0 are recognized:

- sdl: devel/sdl20

- gfx: graphics/sdl2_gfx

- image: graphics/sdl2_image

- mixer: audio/sdl2_mixer

- net: net/sdl2_net

- ttf: graphics/sdl2_ttf

Therefore, if a port has a dependency on net/sdl_net and audio/sdl_mixer, the syntax will be:

    USE_SDL=	net mixer

The dependency devel/sdl12, which is required by net/sdl_net and audio/sdl_mixer, is automatically added as well.

Using `USE_SDL` with entries for SDL 1.2, it will automatically:

- Add a dependency on sdl12-config to `BUILD_DEPENDS`

- Add the variable `SDL_CONFIG` to `CONFIGURE_ENV`

- Add the dependencies of the selected libraries to `LIB_DEPENDS`

Using `USE_SDL` with entries for SDL 2.0, it will automatically:

- Add a dependency on sdl2-config to `BUILD_DEPENDS`

- Add the variable `SDL2_CONFIG` to `CONFIGURE_ENV`

- Add the dependencies of the selected libraries to `LIB_DEPENDS`

### 6.21. Using wxWidgets

This section describes the status of the wxWidgets libraries in the ports tree and its integration with the ports system.

#### 6.21.1. Introduction

There are many versions of the wxWidgets libraries which conflict between them (install files under the same name). In the ports tree this problem has been solved by installing each version under a different name using version number suffixes.

The obvious disadvantage of this is that each application has to be modified to find the expected version. Fortunately, most of the applications call the `wx-config` script to determine the necessary compiler and linker flags. The script is named differently for every available version. Majority of applications respect an environment variable, or accept a configure argument, to specify which `wx-config` script to call. Otherwise they have to be patched.

#### 6.21.2. Version Selection

To make the port use a specific version of wxWidgets there are two variables available for defining (if only one is defined the other will be set to a default value):

表 38. Variables to Select wxWidgets Versions
Variable | Description | Default value
--- | --- | ---
`USE_WX` | List of versions the port can use | All available versions
`USE_WX_NOT` | List of versions the port cannot use | None

The available wxWidgets versions and the corresponding ports in the tree are:

表 39. Available wxWidgets Versions
Version | Port
--- | ---
`2.8` | x11-toolkits/wxgtk28
`3.0` | x11-toolkits/wxgtk30

The variables in Variables to Select wxWidgets Versions can be set to one or more of these combinations separated by spaces:

表 40. wxWidgets Version Specifications
Description | Example
--- | ---
Single version | `2.8`
Ascending range | `2.8+`
Descending range | `3.0-`
Full range (must be ascending) | `2.8-3.0`

There are also some variables to select the preferred versions from the available ones. They can be set to a list of versions, the first ones will have higher priority.

表 41. Variables to Select Preferred wxWidgets Versions
Name | Designed for
--- | ---
`WANT_WX_VER` | the port
`WITH_WX_VER` | the user

#### 6.21.3. Component Selection

There are other applications that, while not being wxWidgets libraries, are related to them. These applications can be specified in `WX_COMPS`. These components are available:

表 42. Available wxWidgets Components
Name | Description | Version restriction
--- | --- | ---
`wx` | main library | none
`contrib` | contributed libraries | `none`
`python` | wxPython (Python bindings) | `2.8-3.0`

The dependency type can be selected for each component by adding a suffix separated by a semicolon. If not present then a default type will be used (see Default wxWidgets Dependency Types). These types are available:

表 43. Available wxWidgets Dependency Types
Name | Description
--- | ---
`build` | Component is required for building, equivalent to `BUILD_DEPENDS`
`run` | Component is required for running, equivalent to `RUN_DEPENDS`
`lib` | Component is required for building and running, equivalent to `LIB_DEPENDS`

The default values for the components are detailed in this table:

表 44. Default wxWidgets Dependency Types
Component | Dependency type
--- | ---
`wx` | `lib`
`contrib` | `lib`
`python` | `run`
`mozilla` | `lib`
`svg` | `lib`

例 80. Selecting wxWidgets Components

This fragment corresponds to a port which uses wxWidgets version `2.4` and its contributed libraries.

    USE_WX=		2.8
    WX_COMPS=	wx contrib

#### 6.21.4. Detecting Installed Versions

To detect an installed version, define `WANT_WX`. If it is not set to a specific version then the components will have a version suffix. `HAVE_WX` will be filled after detection.

例 81. Detecting Installed wxWidgets Versions and Components

This fragment can be used in a port that uses wxWidgets if it is installed, or an option is selected.

    WANT_WX=	yes

    .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>

    .if defined(WITH_WX) || !empty(PORT_OPTIONS:MWX) || !empty(HAVE_WX:Mwx-2.8)
    USE_WX=			2.8
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--enable-wx
    .endif

This fragment can be used in a port that enables wxPython support if it is installed or if an option is selected, in addition to wxWidgets, both version `2.8`.

    USE_WX=		2.8
    WX_COMPS=	wx
    WANT_WX=	2.8

    .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>

    .if defined(WITH_WXPYTHON) || !empty(PORT_OPTIONS:MWXPYTHON) || !empty(HAVE_WX:Mpython)
    WX_COMPS+=		python
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--enable-wxpython
    .endif

#### 6.21.5. Defined Variables

These variables are available in the port (after defining one from Variables to Select wxWidgets Versions).

表 45. Variables Defined for Ports That Use wxWidgets
Name | Description
--- | ---
`WX_CONFIG` | The path to the wxWidgets`wx-config` script (with different name)
`WXRC_CMD` | The path to the wxWidgets`wxrc` program (with different name)
`WX_VERSION` | The wxWidgets version that is going to be used (for example, `2.6`)

#### 6.21.6. Processing in bsd.port.pre.mk

Define `WX_PREMK` to be able to use the variables right after including bsd.port.pre.mk.

| When defining `WX_PREMK`, then the version, dependencies, components and defined variables will not change if modifying the wxWidgets port variables after including bsd.port.pre.mk.

例 82. Using wxWidgets Variables in Commands

This fragment illustrates the use of `WX_PREMK` by running the `wx-config` script to obtain the full version string, assign it to a variable and pass it to the program.

    USE_WX=		2.8
    WX_PREMK=	yes

    .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>

    .if exists(${WX_CONFIG})
    VER_STR!=	${WX_CONFIG} --release

    PLIST_SUB+=	VERSION="${VER_STR}"
    .endif

| The wxWidgets variables can be safely used in commands when they are inside targets without the need of `WX_PREMK`.

#### 6.21.7. Additional `configure` Arguments

Some GNU `configure` scripts cannot find wxWidgets with just the `WX_CONFIG` environment variable set, requiring additional arguments. `WX_CONF_ARGS` can be used for provide them.

表 46. Legal Values for `WX_CONF_ARGS`
Possible value | Resulting argument
--- | ---
`absolute` | `--with-wx-config=${WX_CONFIG}`
`relative` | `--with-wx=${LOCALBASE} --with-wx-config=${WX_CONFIG:T}`

### 6.22. Using Lua

This section describes the status of the Lua libraries in the ports tree and its integration with the ports system.

#### 6.22.1. Introduction

There are many versions of the Lua libraries and corresponding interpreters, which conflict between them (install files under the same name). In the ports tree this problem has been solved by installing each version under a different name using version number suffixes.

The obvious disadvantage of this is that each application has to be modified to find the expected version. But it can be solved by adding some additional flags to the compiler and linker.

Applications that use Lua should normally build for just one version. However, loadable modules for Lua are built in a separate flavor for each Lua version that they support, and dependencies on such modules should specify the flavor using the `@${LUA_FLAVOR}` suffix on the port origin.

#### 6.22.2. Version Selection

A port using Lua should have a line of this form:

    USES=	lua

If a specific version of Lua, or range of versions, is needed, it can be specified as a parameter in the form `XY` (which may be used multiple times), `XY+`, `-XY`, or `XY-ZA`. The default version of Lua as set via `DEFAULT_VERSIONS` will be used if it falls in the requested range, otherwise the closest requested version to the default will be used. For example:

    USES=	lua:52-53

Note that no attempt is made to adjust the version selection based on the presence of any already-installed Lua version.

| The `XY+` form of version specification should not be used without careful consideration; the Lua API changes to some extent in every version, and configuration tools like CMake or Autoconf will often fail to work on future versions of Lua until updated to do so.

#### 6.22.3. Configuration and Compiler flags

Software that uses Lua may have been written to auto-detect the Lua version in use. In general ports should override this assumption, and force the use of the specific Lua version selected as described above. Depending on the software being ported, this might require any or all of:

- Using `LUA_VER` as part of a parameter to the software’s configuration script via `CONFIGURE_ARGS` or `CONFIGURE_ENV` (or equivalent for other build systems);

- Adding `-I${LUA_INCDIR}`, `-L${LUA_LIBDIR}`, and `-llua-${LUA_VER}` to `CFLAGS`, `LDFLAGS`, `LIBS` respectively as appropriate;

- Patch the software’s configuration or build files to select the correct version.

#### 6.22.4. Version Flavors

A port which installs a Lua module (rather than an application that simply makes use of Lua) should build a separate flavor for each supported Lua version. This is done by adding the `module` parameter:

    USES=	lua:module

A version number or range of versions can be specified as well; use a comma to separate parameters.

Since each flavor must have a different package name, the variable `LUA_PKGNAMEPREFIX` is provided which will be set to an appropriate value; the intended usage is:

    PKGNAMEPREFIX=	${LUA_PKGNAMEPREFIX}

Module ports should normally install files only to `LUA_MODLIBDIR`, `LUA_MODSHAREDIR`, `LUA_DOCSDIR`, and `LUA_EXAMPLESDIR`, all of which are set up to refer to version-specific subdirectories. Installing any other files must be done with care to avoid conflicts between versions.

A port (other than a Lua module) which wishes to build a separate package for each Lua version should use the `flavors` parameter:

    USES=	lua:flavors

This operates the same way as the `module` parameter described above, but without the assumption that the package should be documented as a Lua module (so `LUA_DOCSDIR` and `LUA_EXAMPLESDIR` are not defined by default). However, the port may choose to define `LUA_DOCSUBDIR` as a suitable subdirectory name (usually the port’s `PORTNAME` as long as this does not conflict with the `PORTNAME` of any module), in which case the framework will define both `LUA_DOCSDIR` and `LUA_EXAMPLESDIR`.

As with module ports, a flavored port should avoid installing files that would conflict between versions. Typically this is done by adding `LUA_VER_STR` as a suffix to program names (e.g. using `uniquefiles`), and otherwise using either `LUA_VER` or `LUA_VER_STR` as part of any other files or subdirectories used outside of `LUA_MODLIBDIR` and `LUA_MODSHAREDIR`.

#### 6.22.5. Defined Variables

These variables are available in the port.

表 47. Variables Defined for Ports That Use Lua
Name | Description
--- | ---
`LUA_VER` | The Lua version that is going to be used (for example, `5.1`)
`LUA_VER_STR` | The Lua version without the dots (for example, `51`)
`LUA_FLAVOR` | The flavor name corresponding to the selected Lua version, to be used for specifying dependencies
`LUA_BASE` | The prefix that should be used to locate Lua (and components) that are already installed
`LUA_PREFIX` | The prefix where Lua (and components) are to be installed by this port
`LUA_INCDIR` | The directory where Lua header files are installed
`LUA_LIBDIR` | The directory where Lua libraries are installed
`LUA_REFMODLIBDIR` | The directory where Lua module libraries (.so) that are already installed are to be found
`LUA_REFMODSHAREDIR` | The directory where Lua modules (.lua) that are already installed are to be found
`LUA_MODLIBDIR` | The directory where Lua module libraries (.so) are to be installed by this port
`LUA_MODSHAREDIR` | The directory where Lua modules (.lua) are to be installed by this port
`LUA_PKGNAMEPREFIX` | The package name prefix used by Lua modules
`LUA_CMD` | The name of the Lua interpreter (e.g. `lua53`)
`LUAC_CMD` | The name of the Lua compiler (e.g. `luac53`)

These additional variables are available for ports that specified the `module` parameter:

表 48. Variables Defined for Lua Module Ports
Name | Description
--- | ---
`LUA_DOCSDIR` | the directory to which the module’s documentation should be installed.
`LUA_EXAMPLESDIR` | the directory to which the module’s example files should be installed.

#### 6.22.6. Examples

例 83. Makefile for an application using Lua

This example shows how to reference a Lua module required at run time. Notice that the reference must specify a flavor.

    PORTNAME=	sample
    DISTVERSION=	1.2.3
    CATEGORIES=	whatever

    MAINTAINER=	john@doe.tld
    COMMENT=	Sample

    RUN_DEPENDS=	${LUA_REFMODLIBDIR}/lpeg.so:devel/lua-lpeg@${LUA_FLAVOR}

    USES=		lua

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

例 84. Makefile for a simple Lua module

    PORTNAME=	sample
    DISTVERSION=	1.2.3
    CATEGORIES=	whatever
    PKGNAMEPREFIX=	${LUA_PKGNAMEPREFIX}

    MAINTAINER=	john@doe.tld
    COMMENT=	Sample

    USES=		lua:module

    DOCSDIR=	${LUA_DOCSDIR}

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

### 6.23. Using `iconv`

FreeBSD has a native `iconv` in the operating system.

For software that needs `iconv`, define `USES=iconv`.

When a port defines `USES=iconv`, these variables will be available:

Variable name | Purpose | Port iconv (when using WCHAR_T or //TRANSLIT extensions) | Base iconv
--- | --- | --- | ---
`ICONV_CMD` | Directory where the `iconv` binary resides | `${LOCALBASE}/bin/iconv` | /usr/bin/iconv
`ICONV_LIB` | `ld` argument to link to libiconv (if needed) | `-liconv` | (empty)
`ICONV_PREFIX` | Directory where the `iconv` implementation resides (useful for configure scripts) | `${LOCALBASE}` | /usr
`ICONV_CONFIGURE_ARG` | Preconstructed configure argument for configure scripts | `--with-libiconv-prefix=${LOCALBASE}` | (empty)
`ICONV_CONFIGURE_BASE` | Preconstructed configure argument for configure scripts | `--with-libiconv=${LOCALBASE}` | (empty)

These two examples automatically populate the variables with the correct value for systems using converters/libiconv or the native `iconv` respectively:

例 85. Simple `iconv` Usage

    USES=		iconv
    LDFLAGS+=	-L${LOCALBASE}/lib ${ICONV_LIB}

例 86. `iconv` Usage with `configure`

    USES=		iconv
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=${ICONV_CONFIGURE_ARG}

As shown above, `ICONV_LIB` is empty when a native `iconv` is present. This can be used to detect the native `iconv` and respond appropriately.

Sometimes a program has an `ld` argument or search path hardcoded in a Makefile or configure script. This approach can be used to solve that problem:

例 87. Fixing Hardcoded `-liconv`

    USES=		iconv

    post-patch:
    	@${REINPLACE_CMD} -e 's/-liconv/${ICONV_LIB}/' ${WRKSRC}/Makefile

In some cases it is necessary to set alternate values or perform operations depending on whether there is a native `iconv`. bsd.port.pre.mk must be included before testing the value of `ICONV_LIB`:

例 88. Checking for Native `iconv` Availability

    USES=		iconv

    .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>

    post-patch:
    .if empty(ICONV_LIB)
    	# native iconv detected
    	@${REINPLACE_CMD} -e 's|iconv||' ${WRKSRC}/Config.sh
    .endif

    .include <bsd.port.post.mk>

### 6.24. Using Xfce

Ports that need Xfce libraries or applications set `USES=xfce`.

Specific Xfce library and application dependencies are set with values assigned to `USE_XFCE`. They are defined in /usr/ports/Mk/Uses/xfce.mk. The possible values are:

Values of `USE_XFCE`

garcon

  sysutils/garcon

libexo

  x11/libexo

libgui

  x11-toolkits/libxfce4gui

libmenu

  x11/libxfce4menu

libutil

  x11/libxfce4util

panel

  x11-wm/xfce4-panel

thunar

  x11-fm/thunar

xfconf

  x11/xfce4-conf

例 89. `USES=xfce` Example

    USES=		xfce
    USE_XFCE=	libmenu

例 90. Using Xfce’s Own GTK2 Widgets

In this example, the ported application uses the GTK2-specific widgets x11/libxfce4menu and x11/xfce4-conf.

    USES=		xfce:gtk2
    USE_XFCE=	libmenu xfconf

| Xfce components included this way will automatically include any dependencies they need. It is no longer necessary to specify the entire list. If the port only needs x11-wm/xfce4-panel, use:
    USES=		xfce
    USE_XFCE=	panel
There is no need to list the components x11-wm/xfce4-panel needs itself like this:
    USES=		xfce
    USE_XFCE=	libexo libmenu libutil panel
However, Xfce components and non-Xfce dependencies of the port must be included explicitly. Do not count on an Xfce component to provide a sub-dependency other than itself for the main port.

### 6.25. Using Databases

Use one of the `USES` macros from Database `USES` Macros to add a dependency on a database.

表 49. Database `USES` Macros
Database | USES Macro
--- | ---
Berkeley DB | `bdb`
MariaDB, MySQL, Percona | `mysql`
PostgreSQL | `pgsql`
SQLite | `sqlite`

例 91. Using Berkeley DB 6

    USES=	bdb:6

See `bdb` for more information.

例 92. Using MySQL

When a port needs the MySQL client library add

    USES=	mysql

See `mysql` for more information.

例 93. Using PostgreSQL

When a port needs the PostgreSQL server version 9.6 or later add

    USES=		pgsql:9.6+
    WANT_PGSQL=	server

See `pgsql` for more information.

例 94. Using SQLite 3

    USES=	sqlite:3

See `sqlite` for more information.

### 6.26. Starting and Stopping Services (`rc` Scripts)

rc.d scripts are used to start services on system startup, and to give administrators a standard way of stopping, starting and restarting the service. Ports integrate into the system rc.d framework. Details on its usage can be found in the rc.d Handbook chapter. Detailed explanation of the available commands is provided in rc(8) and rc.subr(8). Finally, there is an article on practical aspects of rc.d scripting.

With a mythical port called doorman, which needs to start a doormand daemon. Add the following to the Makefile:

    USE_RC_SUBR=	doormand

Multiple scripts may be listed and will be installed. Scripts must be placed in the files subdirectory and a `.in` suffix must be added to their filename. Standard `SUB_LIST` expansions will be ran against this file. Use of the `%%PREFIX%%` and `%%LOCALBASE%%` expansions is strongly encouraged as well. More on `SUB_LIST` in the relevant section.

As of FreeBSD 6.1-RELEASE, local rc.d scripts (including those installed by ports) are included in the overall rcorder(8) of the base system.

An example simple rc.d script to start the doormand daemon:

    #!/bin/sh

    # $FreeBSD$
    #
    # PROVIDE: doormand
    # REQUIRE: LOGIN
    # KEYWORD: shutdown
    #
    # Add these lines to /etc/rc.conf.local or /etc/rc.conf
    # to enable this service:
    #
    # doormand_enable (bool):	Set to NO by default.
    #				Set it to YES to enable doormand.
    # doormand_config (path):	Set to %%PREFIX%%/etc/doormand/doormand.cf
    #				by default.

    . /etc/rc.subr

    name=doormand
    rcvar=doormand_enable

    load_rc_config $name

    : ${doormand_enable:="NO"}
    : ${doormand_config="%%PREFIX%%/etc/doormand/doormand.cf"}

    command=%%PREFIX%%/sbin/${name}
    pidfile=/var/run/${name}.pid

    command_args="-p $pidfile -f $doormand_config"

    run_rc_command "$1"

Unless there is a very good reason to start the service earlier, or it runs as a particular user (other than root), all ports scripts must use:

    REQUIRE: LOGIN

If the startup script launches a daemon that must be shutdown, the following will trigger a stop of the service on system shutdown:

    KEYWORD: shutdown

If the script is not starting a persistent service this is not necessary.

For optional configuration elements the "=" style of default variable assignment is preferable to the ":=" style here, since the former sets a default value only if the variable is unset, and the latter sets one if the variable is unset or null. A user might very well include something like:

    doormand_flags=""

in their rc.conf.local, and a variable substitution using ":=" would inappropriately override the user’s intention. The `_enable` variable is not optional, and must use the ":" for the default.

| Ports must not start and stop their services when installing and deinstalling. Do not abuse the plist keywords described in the @preexec command,@postexec command,@preunexec command,@postunexec command section by running commands that modify the currently running system, including starting or stopping services.

#### 6.26.1. Pre-Commit Checklist

Before contributing a port with an rc.d script, and more importantly, before committing one, please consult this checklist to be sure that it is ready.

The devel/rclint port can check for most of these, but it is not a substitute for proper review.

1. If this is a new file, does it have a .sh extension? If so, that must be changed to just file.in since rc.d files may not end with that extension.

2. Does the file have a `$FreeBSD$` tag?

3. Do the name of the file (minus .in), the `PROVIDE` line, and `$` name all match? The file name matching `PROVIDE` makes debugging easier, especially for rcorder(8) issues. Matching the file name and `$`name makes it easier to figure out which variables are relevant in rc.conf[.local]. It is also a policy for all new scripts, including those in the base system.

4. Is the `REQUIRE` line set to `LOGIN`? This is mandatory for scripts that run as a non-root user. If it runs as root, is there a good reason for it to run prior to `LOGIN`? If not, it must run after so that local scrips can be loosely grouped to a point in rcorder(8) after most everything in the base is already running.

5. Does the script start a persistent service? If so, it must have `KEYWORD: shutdown`.

6. Make sure there is no `KEYWORD: FreeBSD` present. This has not been necessary nor desirable for years. It is also an indication that the new script was copy/pasted from an old script, so extra caution must be given to the review.

7. If the script uses an interpreted language like `perl`, `python`, or `ruby`, make certain that `command_interpreter` is set appropriately, for example, for Perl, by adding `PERL=${PERL}` to `SUB_LIST` and using `%%PERL%%`. Otherwise,

       # service name stop

   will probably not work properly. See service(8) for more information.

8. Have all occurrences of /usr/local been replaced with `%%PREFIX%%`?

9. Do the default variable assignments come after `load_rc_config`?

10. Are there default assignments to empty strings? They should be removed, but double-check that the option is documented in the comments at the top of the file.

11. Are things that are set in variables actually used in the script?

12. Are options listed in the default name`_flags` things that are actually mandatory? If so, they must be in `command_args`. `-d` is a red flag (pardon the pun) here, since it is usually the option to "daemonize" the process, and therefore is actually mandatory.

13. `_name__flags` must never be included in `command_args` (and vice versa, although that error is less common).

14. Does the script execute any code unconditionally? This is frowned on. Usually these things must be dealt with through a `start_precmd`.

15. All boolean tests must use the `checkyesno` function. No hand-rolled tests for `[Yy][Ee][Ss]`, etc.

16. If there is a loop (for example, waiting for something to start) does it have a counter to terminate the loop? We do not want the boot to be stuck forever if there is an error.

17. Does the script create files or directories that need specific permissions, for example, a pid that needs to be owned by the user that runs the process? Rather than the traditional touch(1)/chown(8)/chmod(1) routine, consider using install(1) with the proper command line arguments to do the whole procedure with one step.

### 6.27. Adding Users and Groups

Some ports require a particular user account to be present, usually for daemons that run as that user. For these ports, choose a unique UID from 50 to 999 and register it in ports/UIDs (for users) and ports/GIDs (for groups). The unique identification should be the same for users and groups.

Please include a patch against these two files when requiring a new user or group to be created for the port.

Then use `USERS` and `GROUPS` in Makefile, and the user will be automatically created when installing the port.

    USERS=	pulse
    GROUPS=	pulse pulse-access pulse-rt

The current list of reserved UIDs and GIDs can be found in ports/UIDs and ports/GIDs.

### 6.28. Ports That Rely on Kernel Sources

Some ports (such as kernel loadable modules) need the kernel source files so that the port can compile. Here is the correct way to determine if the user has them installed:

    USES=	kmod

Apart from this check, the `kmod` feature takes care of most items that these ports need to take into account.

### 6.29. Go Libraries

Ports must not package or install Go libs or source code. Go ports must fetch the required deps at the normal fetch time and should only install the programs and things users need, not the things Go developers would need.

Ports should (in order of preference):

- Use vendored dependencies included with the package source.

- Fetch the versions of deps specified by upstream (in the case of go.mod, vendor.json or similar).

- As a last resort (deps are not included nor versions specified exactly) fetch versions of dependencies available at the time of upstream development/release.

### 6.30. Haskell Libraries

Just like in case of Go language, Ports must not package or install Haskell libraries. Haskell ports must link statically to their dependencies and fetch all distribution files on fetch stage.

### 6.31. Shell Completion Files

Many modern shells (including bash, fish, tcsh and zsh) support parameter and/or option tab-completion. This support usually comes from completion files, which contain the definitions for how tab completion will work for a certain command. Ports sometimes ship with their own completion files, or porters may have created them themselves.

When available, completion files should always be installed. It is not necessary to make an option for it. If an option is used, though, always enable it in `OPTIONS_DEFAULT`.

表 50. Shell completion file paths
`bash` | ${PREFIX}/etc/bash_completion.d
`fish` | ${PREFIX}/share/fish/vendor_completions.d
`zsh` | ${PREFIX}/share/zsh/site-functions

Do not register any dependencies on the shells themselves.

## Chapter 7. Flavors

### 7.1. An Introduction to Flavors

Flavors are a way to have multiple variations of a port. The port is built multiple times, with variations.

For example, a port can have a normal version with many features and quite a few dependencies, and a light "lite" version with only basic features and minimal dependencies.

Another example could be, a port can have a GTK flavor and a QT flavor, depending on which toolkit it uses.

### 7.2. Using FLAVORS

To declare a port having multiple flavors, add `FLAVORS` to its Makefile. The first flavor in `FLAVORS` is the default flavor.

| It can help simplify the logic of the Makefile to also define `FLAVOR` as:
    FLAVOR?=	${FLAVORS:[1]}

| To distinguish flavors from options, which are always uppercase letters, flavor names can only contain lowercase letters, numbers, and the underscore `_`.

例 95. Basic Flavors Usage

If a port has a "lite" slave port, the slave port can be removed, and the port can be converted to flavors with:

    FLAVORS=	default lite
    lite_PKGNAMESUFFIX=	-lite
    [...]
    .if ${FLAVOR:U} != lite
    [enable non lite features]
    .endif

例 96. Another Basic Flavors Usage

If a port has a `-nox11` slave port, the slave port can be removed, and the port can be converted to flavors with:

    FLAVORS=	x11 nox11
    FLAVOR?=	${FLAVORS:[1]}
    nox11_PKGNAMESUFFIX=	-nox11
    [...]
    .if ${FLAVOR} == x11
    [enable x11 features]
    .endif

例 97. More Complex Flavors Usage

Here is a slightly edited excerpt of what is present in devel/libpeas, a port that uses the Python flavors. With the default Python 2 and 3 versions being 2.7 and 3.6, it will automatically get `FLAVORS=py27 py36`

    USES=		gnome python
    USE_PYTHON=	flavors

    .if ${FLAVOR:Upy27:Mpy2*}
    USE_GNOME=	pygobject3

    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--enable-python2 --disable-python3

    BUILD_WRKSRC=	${WRKSRC}/loaders/python
    INSTALL_WRKSRC=	${WRKSRC}/loaders/python
    .else # py3*
    USE_GNOME+=	py3gobject3

    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=	--disable-python2 --enable-python3 \
    			ac_cv_path_PYTHON3_CONFIG=${LOCALBASE}/bin/python${PYTHON_VER}-config

    BUILD_WRKSRC=	${WRKSRC}/loaders/python3
    INSTALL_WRKSRC=	${WRKSRC}/loaders/python3
    .endif

    py34_PLIST=	${.CURDIR}/pkg-plist-py3
    py35_PLIST=	${.CURDIR}/pkg-plist-py3
    py36_PLIST=	${.CURDIR}/pkg-plist-py3

This port does not use `USE_PYTHON=distutils` but needs Python flavors anyway. To guard against `FLAVOR` being empty, which would cause a make(1) error, use `${FLAVOR:U}` in string comparisons instead of `${FLAVOR}`. The Gnome Python gobject3 bindings have two different names, one for Python 2, pygobject3 and one for Python 3, py3gobject3. The `configure` script has to run in ${WRKSRC}, but we are only interested in building and installing the Python 2 or Python 3 parts of the software, so set the build and install base directories appropriately. Hint about the correct Python 3 config script path name. The packing list is different when the built with Python 3. As there are three possible Python 3 versions, set `PLIST` for all three using the helper.

#### 7.2.1. Flavors Helpers

To make the Makefile easier to write, a few flavors helpers exist.

This list of helpers will set their variable:

- `_flavor__PKGNAMEPREFIX`

- `_flavor__PKGNAMESUFFIX`

- `_flavor__PLIST`

- `_flavor__DESCR`

This list of helpers will append to their variable:

- `_flavor__CONFLICTS`

- `_flavor__CONFLICTS_BUILD`

- `_flavor__CONFLICTS_INSTALL`

- `_flavor__PKG_DEPENDS`

- `_flavor__EXTRACT_DEPENDS`

- `_flavor__PATCH_DEPENDS`

- `_flavor__FETCH_DEPENDS`

- `_flavor__BUILD_DEPENDS`

- `_flavor__LIB_DEPENDS`

- `_flavor__RUN_DEPENDS`

- `_flavor__TEST_DEPENDS`

例 98. Flavor Specific `PKGNAME`

As all packages must have a different package name, flavors must change theirs, using `_flavorPKGNAMEPREFIX` and `_flavor` `PKGNAMESUFFIX` makes this easy:

    FLAVORS=	normal lite
    lite_PKGNAMESUFFIX=	-lite

### 7.3. `USES=php` and Flavors

When using `php` with one of these arguments, `phpize`, `ext`, `zend`, or `pecl`, the port will automatically have `FLAVORS` filled in with the PHP versions it supports.

例 99. Simple `USES=php` Extension

This will generate package for all the supported versions:

    PORTNAME=	some-ext
    PORTVERSION=	0.0.1
    PKGNAMEPREFIX=	${PHP_PKGNAMEPREFIX}

    USES=		php:ext

This will generate package for all the supported versions but 7.2:

    PORTNAME=	some-ext
    PORTVERSION=	0.0.1
    PKGNAMEPREFIX=	${PHP_PKGNAMEPREFIX}

    USES=		php:ext
    IGNORE_WITH_PHP=	72

#### 7.3.1. PHP Flavors with PHP Applications

PHP applications can also be flavorized.

This allows generating packages for all PHP versions, so that users can use them with whatever version they need on their servers.

| PHP applications that are flavorized must append `PHP_PKGNAMESUFFIX` to their package names.

例 100. Flavorizing a PHP Application

Adding Flavors support to a PHP application is straightforward:

    PKGNAMESUFFIX=	${PHP_PKGNAMESUFFIX}

    USES=	php:flavors

| When adding a dependency on a PHP flavored port, use `@${PHP_FLAVOR}`. Never use `FLAVOR` directly.

### 7.4. `USES=python` and Flavors

When using `python` and `USE_PYTHON=distutils`, the port will automatically have `FLAVORS` filled in with the Python versions it supports.

例 101. Simple `USES=python`

Supposing the current Python supported versions are 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6, and the default Python 2 and 3 versions are 2.7 and 3.6, a port with:

    USES=	python
    USE_PYTHON=	distutils

Will get these flavors: `py27`, and `py36`.

    USES=	python
    USE_PYTHON=	distutils allflavors

Will get these flavors: `py27`, `py34`, `py35` and `py36`.

例 102. `USES=python` with Version Requirements

Supposing the current Python supported versions are 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6, and the default Python 2 and 3 versions are 2.7 and 3.6, a port with:

    USES=	python:-3.5
    USE_PYTHON=	distutils

Will get this flavor: `py27`.

    USES=	python:-3.5
    USE_PYTHON=	distutils allflavors

Will get these flavors: `py27`, `py34`, and `py35`.

    USES=	python:3.4+
    USE_PYTHON=	distutils

Will get this flavor: `py36`.

    USES=	python:3.4+
    USE_PYTHON=	distutils allflavors

Will get these flavors: `py34`, `py35`, and `py36`.

`PY_FLAVOR` is available to depend on the correct version of Python modules. All dependencies on flavored Python ports should use `PY_FLAVOR`, and not `FLAVOR` directly..

例 103. For a Port Not Using `distutils`

If the default Python 3 version is 3.6, the following will set `PY_FLAVOR` to `py36`:

    RUN_DEPENDS=	${PYTHON_PKGNAMEPREFIX}mutagen>0:audio/py-mutagen@${PY_FLAVOR}

    USES=	python:3.5+

### 7.5. `USES=lua` and Flavors

When using `lua:module` or `lua:flavors`, the port will automatically have `FLAVORS` filled in with the Lua versions it supports. However, it is not expected that ordinary applications (rather than Lua modules) should use this feature; most applications that embed or otherwise use Lua should simply use `USES=lua`.

`LUA_FLAVOR` is available (and must be used) to depend on the correct version of dependencies regardless of whether the port used the `flavors` or `module` parameters.

See Using Lua for further information.

## Chapter 8. Advanced pkg-plist Practices

### 8.1. Changing pkg-plist Based on Make Variables

Some ports, particularly the `p5-` ports, need to change their pkg-plist depending on what options they are configured with (or version of `perl`, in the case of `p5-` ports). To make this easy, any instances in pkg-plist of `%%OSREL%%`, `%%PERL_VER%%`, and `%%PERL_VERSION%%` will be substituted appropriately. The value of `%%OSREL%%` is the numeric revision of the operating system (for example, `4.9`). `%%PERL_VERSION%%` and `%%PERL_VER%%` is the full version number of `perl` (for example, `5.8.9`). Several other `%%VARS%%` related to port’s documentation files are described in the relevant section.

To make other substitutions, set `PLIST_SUB` with a list of `VAR=VALUE` pairs and instances of `%%VAR%%` will be substituted with VALUE in pkg-plist.

For instance, if a port installs many files in a version-specific subdirectory, use a placeholder for the version so that pkg-plist does not have to be regenerated every time the port is updated. For example, set:

    OCTAVE_VERSION=	${PORTREVISION}
    PLIST_SUB=	OCTAVE_VERSION=${OCTAVE_VERSION}

in the Makefile and use `%%OCTAVE_VERSION%%` wherever the version shows up in pkg-plist. When the port is upgraded, it will not be necessary to edit dozens (or in some cases, hundreds) of lines in pkg-plist.

If files are installed conditionally on the options set in the port, the usual way of handling it is prefixing pkg-plist lines with a `%%OPT%%` for lines needed when the option is enabled, or `%%NO_OPT%%` when the option is disabled, and adding `OPTIONS_SUB=yes` to the Makefile. See `OPTIONS_SUB` for more information.

For instance, if there are files that are only installed when the `X11` option is enabled, and Makefile has:

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	X11
    OPTIONS_SUB=	yes

In pkg-plist, put `%%X11%%` in front of the lines only being installed when the option is enabled, like this :

    %%X11%%bin/foo-gui

This substitution will be done between the `pre-install` and `do-install` targets, by reading from PLIST and writing to TMPPLIST (default: WRKDIR/.PLIST.mktmp). So if the port builds PLIST on the fly, do so in or before `pre-install`. Also, if the port needs to edit the resulting file, do so in `post-install` to a file named TMPPLIST.

Another way of modifying a port’s packing list is based on setting the variables `PLIST_FILES` and `PLIST_DIRS`. The value of each variable is regarded as a list of pathnames to write to TMPPLIST along with PLIST contents. While names listed in `PLIST_FILES` and `PLIST_DIRS` are subject to `%%VAR%%` substitution as described above, it is better to use the `${VAR}` directly. Except for that, names from `PLIST_FILES` will appear in the final packing list unchanged, while `@dir` will be prepended to names from `PLIST_DIRS`. To take effect, `PLIST_FILES` and `PLIST_DIRS` must be set before TMPPLIST is written, that is, in `pre-install` or earlier.

From time to time, using `OPTIONS_SUB` is not enough. In those cases, adding a specific `TAG` to `PLIST_SUB` inside the Makefile with a special value of `@comment`, makes package tools to ignore the line. For instance, if some files are only installed when the `X11` option is on and the architecture is `i386`:

    .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>

    .if ${PORT_OPTIONS:MX11} && ${ARCH} == "i386"
    PLIST_SUB+=	X11I386=""
    .else
    PLIST_SUB+=	X11I386="@comment "
    .endif

### 8.2. Empty Directories

#### 8.2.1. Cleaning Up Empty Directories

When being de-installed, a port has to remove empty directories it created. Most of these directories are removed automatically by pkg(8), but for directories created outside of ${PREFIX}, or empty directories, some more work needs to be done. This is usually accomplished by adding `@dir` lines for those directories. Subdirectories must be deleted before deleting parent directories.

    [...]
    @dir /var/games/oneko/saved-games
    @dir /var/games/oneko

#### 8.2.2. Creating Empty Directories

Empty directories created during port installation need special attention. They must be present when the package is created. If they are not created by the port code, create them in the Makefile:

    post-install:
    	${MKDIR} ${STAGEDIR}${PREFIX}/some/directory

Add the directory to pkg-plist like any other. For example:

    @dir some/directory

### 8.3. Configuration Files

If the port installs configuration files to PREFIX/etc (or elsewhere) do not list them in pkg-plist. That will cause `pkg delete` to remove files that have been carefully edited by the user, and a re-installation will wipe them out.

Instead, install sample files with a filename.sample extension. The `@sample` macro automates this, see `@sample` file [file] for what it does exactly. For each sample file, add a line to pkg-plist:

    @sample etc/orbit.conf.sample

If there is a very good reason not to install a working configuration file by default, only list the sample filename in pkg-plist, without the `@sample` followed by a space part, and add a message pointing out that the user must copy and edit the file before the software will work.

| When a port installs its configuration in a subdirectory of ${PREFIX}/etc, use `ETCDIR`, which defaults to `${PREFIX}/etc/${PORTNAME}`, it can be overridden in the ports Makefile if there is a convention for the port to use some other directory. The `%%ETCDIR%%` macro will be used in its stead in pkg-plist.

| The sample configuration files should always have the .sample suffix. If for some historical reason using the standard suffix is not possible, or if the sample files come from some other directory, use this construct:
    @sample etc/orbit.conf-dist etc/orbit.conf
or
    @sample %%EXAMPLESDIR%%/orbit.conf etc/orbit.conf
The format is `@sample sample-file actual-config-file`.

### 8.4. Dynamic Versus Static Package List

A static package list is a package list which is available in the Ports Collection either as pkg-plist (with or without variable substitution), or embedded into the Makefile via `PLIST_FILES` and `PLIST_DIRS`. Even if the contents are auto-generated by a tool or a target in the Makefile before the inclusion into the Ports Collection by a committer (for example, using `make makeplist`), this is still considered a static list, since it is possible to examine it without having to download or compile the distfile.

A dynamic package list is a package list which is generated at the time the port is compiled based upon the files and directories which are installed. It is not possible to examine it before the source code of the ported application is downloaded and compiled, or after running a `make clean`.

While the use of dynamic package lists is not forbidden, maintainers should use static package lists wherever possible, as it enables users to grep(1) through available ports to discover, for example, which port installs a certain file. Dynamic lists should be primarily used for complex ports where the package list changes drastically based upon optional features of the port (and thus maintaining a static package list is infeasible), or ports which change the package list based upon the version of dependent software used. For example, ports which generate docs with Javadoc.

### 8.5. Automated Package List Creation

First, make sure the port is almost complete, with only pkg-plist missing. Running `make makeplist` will show an example for pkg-plist. The output of `makeplist` must be double checked for correctness as it tries to automatically guess a few things, and can get it wrong.

User configuration files should be installed as filename.sample, as it is described in Configuration Files. info/dir must not be listed and appropriate install-info lines must be added as noted in the info files section. Any libraries installed by the port must be listed as specified in the shared libraries section.

#### 8.5.1. Expanding `PLIST_SUB` with Regular Expressions

Strings to be replaced sometimes need to be very specific to avoid undesired replacements. This is a common problem with shorter values.

To address this problem, for each `PLACEHOLDER=value`, a `PLACEHOLDER_regex=regex` can be set, with the `regex` part matching value more precisely.

例 104. Using PLIST_SUB with Regular Expressions

Perl ports can install architecture dependent files in a specific tree. On FreeBSD to ease porting, this tree is called `mach`. For example, a port that installs a file whose path contains `mach` could have that part of the path string replaced with the wrong values. Consider this Makefile:

    PORTNAME=	Machine-Build
    DISTVERSION=	1
    CATEGORIES=	devel perl5
    MASTER_SITES=	CPAN
    PKGNAMEPREFIX=	p5-

    MAINTAINER=	perl@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	Building machine

    USES=		perl5
    USE_PERL5=	configure

    PLIST_SUB=	PERL_ARCH=mach

The files installed by the port are:

    /usr/local/bin/machine-build
    /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/man/man1/machine-build.1.gz
    /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/man/man3/Machine::Build.3.gz
    /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/Machine/Build.pm
    /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/mach/5.20/Machine/Build/Build.so

Running `make makeplist` wrongly generates:

    bin/%%PERL_ARCH%%ine-build
    %%PERL5_MAN1%%/%%PERL_ARCH%%ine-build.1.gz
    %%PERL5_MAN3%%/Machine::Build.3.gz
    %%SITE_PERL%%/Machine/Build.pm
    %%SITE_PERL%%/%%PERL_ARCH%%/%%PERL_VER%%/Machine/Build/Build.so

Change the `PLIST_SUB` line from the Makefile to:

    PLIST_SUB=	PERL_ARCH=mach \
    		PERL_ARCH_regex=\bmach\b

Now `make makeplist` correctly generates:

    bin/machine-build
    %%PERL5_MAN1%%/machine-build.1.gz
    %%PERL5_MAN3%%/Machine::Build.3.gz
    %%SITE_PERL%%/Machine/Build.pm
    %%SITE_PERL%%/%%PERL_ARCH%%/%%PERL_VER%%/Machine/Build/Build.so

### 8.6. Expanding Package List with Keywords

All keywords can also take optional arguments in parentheses. The arguments are owner, group, and mode. This argument is used on the file or directory referenced. To change the owner, group, and mode of a configuration file, use:

    @sample(games,games,640) etc/config.sample

The arguments are optional. If only the group and mode need to be changed, use:

    @sample(,games,660) etc/config.sample

| If a keyword is used on an optional entry, it must to be added after the helper:
    %%FOO%%@sample etc/orbit.conf.sample
This is because the options plist helpers are used to comment out the line, so they need to be put first. See `OPTIONS_SUB` for more information.

#### 8.6.1. `@desktop-file-utils`

Will run `update-desktop-database -q` after installation and deinstallation. Never use directly, add `USES=desktop-file-utils` to the Makefile.

#### 8.6.2. `@fc` directory

Add a `@dir` entry for the directory passed as an argument, and run `fc-cache -fs` on that directory after installation and deinstallation.

#### 8.6.3. `@fcfontsdir` directory

Add a `@dir` entry for the directory passed as an argument, and run `fc-cache -fs`, `mkfontscale` and `mkfontdir` on that directory after installation and deinstallation. Additionally, on deinstallation, it removes the fonts.scale and fonts.dir cache files if they are empty. This keyword is equivalent to adding both `@fc` directory and `@fontsdir` directory.

#### 8.6.4. `@fontsdir` directory

Add a `@dir` entry for the directory passed as an argument, and run `mkfontscale` and `mkfontdir` on that directory after installation and deinstallation. Additionally, on deinstallation, it removes the fonts.scale and fonts.dir cache files if they are empty.

#### 8.6.5. `@glib-schemas`

Runs `glib-compile-schemas` on installation and deinstallation.

#### 8.6.6. `@info` file

Add the file passed as argument to the plist, and updates the info document index on installation and deinstallation. Additionally, it removes the index if empty on deinstallation. This should never be used manually, but always through `INFO`. See Info Files for more information.

#### 8.6.7. `@kld` directory

Runs `kldxref` on the directory on installation and deinstallation. Additionally, on deinstallation, it will remove the directory if empty.

#### 8.6.8. `@rmtry` file

Will remove the file on deinstallation, and not give an error if the file is not there.

#### 8.6.9. `@sample` file [file]

This is used to handle installation of configuration files, through example files bundled with the package. The "actual", non-sample, file is either the second filename, if present, or the first filename without the .sample extension.

This does three things. First, add the first file passed as argument, the sample file, to the plist. Then, on installation, if the actual file is not found, copy the sample file to the actual file. And finally, on deinstallation, remove the actual file if it has not been modified. See Configuration Files for more information.

#### 8.6.10. `@shared-mime-info` directory

Runs `update-mime-database` on the directory on installation and deinstallation.

#### 8.6.11. `@shell` file

Add the file passed as argument to the plist.

On installation, add the full path to file to /etc/shells, while making sure it is not added twice. On deinstallation, remove it from /etc/shells.

#### 8.6.12. `@terminfo`

Do not use by itself. If the port installs *.terminfo files, add `USES=terminfo` to its Makefile.

On installation and deinstallation, if `tic` is present, refresh ${PREFIX}/shared/misc/terminfo.db from the *.terminfo files in ${PREFIX}/shared/misc.

#### 8.6.13. Base Keywords

There are a few keywords that are hardcoded, and documented in pkg-create(8). For the sake of completeness, they are also documented here.

##### 8.6.13.1. `@` [file]

The empty keyword is a placeholder to use when the file’s owner, group, or mode need to be changed. For example, to set the group of the file to `games` and add the setgid bit, add:

    @(,games,2755) sbin/daemon

##### 8.6.13.2. `@preexec` command, `@postexec` command, `@preunexec` command, `@postunexec` command

Execute command as part of the package installation or deinstallation process.

`@preexec` command

  Execute command as part of the pre-install scripts.

`@postexec` command

  Execute command as part of the post-install scripts.

`@preunexec` command

  Execute command as part of the pre-deinstall scripts.

`@postunexec` command

  Execute command as part of the post-deinstall scripts.

If command contains any of these sequences somewhere in it, they are expanded inline. For these examples, assume that `@cwd` is set to /usr/local and the last extracted file was bin/emacs.

`%F`

  Expand to the last filename extracted (as specified). In the example case bin/emacs.

`%D`

  Expand to the current directory prefix, as set with `@cwd`. In the example case /usr/local.

`%B`

  Expand to the basename of the fully qualified filename, that is, the current directory prefix plus the last filespec, minus the trailing filename. In the example case, that would be /usr/local/bin.

`%f`

  Expand to the filename part of the fully qualified name, or the converse of `%B`. In the example case, emacs.

| These keywords are here to help you set up the package so that it is as ready to use as possible. They must not be abused to start services, stop services, or run any other commands that will modify the currently running system.

##### 8.6.13.3. `@mode` mode

Set default permission for all subsequently extracted files to mode. Format is the same as that used by chmod(1). Use without an arg to set back to default permissions (mode of the file while being packed).

| This must be a numeric mode, like `644`, `4755`, or `600`. It cannot be a relative mode like `u+s`.

##### 8.6.13.4. `@owner` user

Set default ownership for all subsequent files to user. Use without an argument to set back to default ownership (`root`).

##### 8.6.13.5. `@group` group

Set default group ownership for all subsequent files to group. Use without an arg to set back to default group ownership (`wheel`).

##### 8.6.13.6. `@comment` string

This line is ignored when packing.

##### 8.6.13.7. `@dir` directory

Declare directory name. By default, directories created under `PREFIX` by a package installation are automatically removed. Use this when an empty directory under `PREFIX` needs to be created, or when the directory needs to have non default owner, group, or mode. Directories outside of `PREFIX` need to be registered. For example, /var/db/${PORTNAME} needs to have a `@dir` entry whereas ${PREFIX}/shared/${PORTNAME} does not if it contains files or uses the default owner, group, and mode.

##### 8.6.13.8. `@exec` command, `@unexec` command (Deprecated)

Execute command as part of the installation or deinstallation process. Please use `@preexec` command, `@postexec` command, `@preunexec` command, `@postunexec` command instead.

##### 8.6.13.9. `@dirrm` directory (Deprecated)

Declare directory name to be deleted at deinstall time. By default, directories created under `PREFIX` by a package installation are deleted when the package is deinstalled.

##### 8.6.13.10. `@dirrmtry` directory (Deprecated)

Declare directory name to be removed, as for `@dirrm`, but does not issue a warning if the directory cannot be removed.

#### 8.6.14. Creating New Keywords

Package list files can be extended by keywords that are defined in the ${PORTSDIR}/Keywords directory. The settings for each keyword are stored in a UCL file named keyword.ucl. The file must contain at least one of these sections:

- `attributes`

- `action`

- `pre-install`

- `post-install`

- `pre-deinstall`

- `post-deinstall`

- `pre-upgrade`

- `post-upgrade`

##### 8.6.14.1. `attributes`

Changes the owner, group, or mode used by the keyword. Contains an associative array where the possible keys are `owner`, `group`, and `mode`. The values are, respectively, a user name, a group name, and a file mode. For example:

    attributes: { owner: "games", group: "games", mode: 0555 }

##### 8.6.14.2. `action`

Defines what happens to the keyword’s parameter. Contains an array where the possible values are:

`setprefix`

  Set the prefix for the next plist entries.

`dir`

  Register a directory to be created on install and removed on deinstall.

`dirrm`

  Register a directory to be deleted on deinstall. Deprecated.

`dirrmtry`

  Register a directory to try and deleted on deinstall. Deprecated.

`file`

  Register a file.

`setmode`

  Set the mode for the next plist entries.

`setowner`

  Set the owner for the next plist entries.

`setgroup`

  Set the group for the next plist entries.

`comment`

  Does not do anything, equivalent to not entering an `action` section.

`ignore_next`

  Ignore the next entry in the plist.

##### 8.6.14.3. `arguments`

If set to `true`, adds argument handling, splitting the whole line, `%@`, into numbered arguments, `%1`, `%2`, and so on. For example, for this line:

    @foo some.content other.content

`%1` and `%2` will contain:

    some.content
    other.content

It also affects how the `action` entry works. When there is more than one argument, the argument number must be specified. For example:

    actions: [file(1)]

##### 8.6.14.4. `pre-install`, `post-install`, `pre-deinstall`, `post-deinstall`, `pre-upgrade`, `post-upgrade`

These keywords contains a sh(1) script to be executed before or after installation, deinstallation, or upgrade of the package. In addition to the usual `@exec %foo` placeholders described in `@preexec` command, `@postexec` command, `@preunexec` command, `@postunexec` command, there is a new one, `%@`, which represents the argument of the keyword.

##### 8.6.14.5. Custom Keyword Examples

例 105. Example of a `@dirrmtryecho` Keyword

This keyword does two things, it adds a `@dirrmtry directory` line to the packing list, and echoes the fact that the directory is removed when deinstalling the package.

    actions: [dirrmtry]
    post-deinstall: <<EOD
      echo "Directory %D/%@ removed."
    EOD

例 106. Real Life Example, How `@sample` is Implemented

This keyword does three things. It adds the first filename passed as an argument to `@sample` to the packing list, it adds to the `post-install` script instructions to copy the sample to the actual configuration file if it does not already exist, and it adds to the `post-deinstall` instructions to remove the configuration file if it has not been modified.

    actions: [file(1)]
    arguments: true
    post-install: <<EOD
      case "%1" in
      /*) sample_file="%1" ;;
      *) sample_file="%D/%1" ;;
      esac
      target_file="${sample_file%.sample}"
      set -- %@
      if [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
          target_file=${2}
      fi
      case "${target_file}" in
      /*) target_file="${target_file}" ;;
      *) target_file="%D/${target_file}" ;;
      esac
      if ! [ -f "${target_file}" ]; then
        /bin/cp -p "${sample_file}" "${target_file}" && \
          /bin/chmod u+w "${target_file}"
      fi
    EOD
    pre-deinstall: <<EOD
      case "%1" in
      /*) sample_file="%1" ;;
      *) sample_file="%D/%1" ;;
      esac
      target_file="${sample_file%.sample}"
      set -- %@
      if [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
          set -- %@
          target_file=${2}
      fi
      case "${target_file}" in
      /*) target_file="${target_file}" ;;
      *) target_file="%D/${target_file}" ;;
      esac
      if cmp -s "${target_file}" "${sample_file}"; then
        rm -f "${target_file}"
      else
        echo "You may need to manually remove ${target_file} if it is no longer needed."
      fi
    EOD

## Chapter 9. pkg-*

There are some tricks we have not mentioned yet about the pkg-* files that come in handy sometimes.

### 9.1. pkg-message

To display a message when the package is installed, place the message in pkg-message. This capability is often useful to display additional installation steps to be taken after a `pkg install` or `pkg upgrade`.

| pkg-message must contain only information that is vital to setup and operation on FreeBSD, and that is unique to the port in question. Setup information should only be shown on initial install. Upgrade instructions should be shown only when upgrading from the relevant version. Do not surround the messages with either whitespace or lines of symbols (like `----------`, ``, or `==========`). Leave the formatting to pkg(8). Committers have blanket approval to constrain existing messages to install or upgrade ranges using the UCL format specifications.

pkg-message supports two formats:

raw

  A regular plain text file. Its message is only displayed on install.

UCL

  If the file starts with “[” then it is considered to be a UCL file. The UCL format is described on libucl’s GitHub page.

| Do not add an entry for pkg-message in pkg-plist.

#### 9.1.1. UCL in pkg-message

The format is the following. It should be an array of objects. The objects themselves can have these keywords:

`message`

  The actual message to be displayed. This keyword is mandatory.

`type`

  When the message should be displayed.

`maximum_version`

  Only if `type` is `upgrade`. Display if upgrading from a version strictly lower than the version specified.

`minimum_version`

  Only if `type` is `upgrade`. Display if upgrading from a version stictly greater than the version specified.

The `maximum_version` and `minimum_version` keywords can be combined.

The `type` keyword can have three values:

`install`

  The message should only be displayed when the package is installed.

`remove`

  The message should only be displayed when the package is removed.

`upgrade`

  the message should only be displayed during an upgrade of the package..

| To preserve the compatibility with non UCL pkg-message files, the first line of a UCL pkg-message MUST be a single “[”, and the last line MUST be a single “]”.

例 107. UCL Short Strings

The message is delimited by double quotes `"`, this is used for simple single line strings:

    [
    { type: install
      message: "Simple message"
    }
    ]

例 108. UCL Multiline Strings

Multiline strings use the standard here document notation. The multiline delimiter must start just after `<<` symbols without any whitespace and it must consist of capital letters only. To finish a multiline string, add the delimiter string on a line of its own without any whitespace. The message from UCL Short Strings can be written as:

    [
    { type: install
      message: <<EOM
    Simple message
    EOM
    }
    ]

例 109. Display a Message on Install/Deinstall

When a message only needs to be displayed on installation or uninstallation, set the type:

    [
    {
      type: remove
      message: "package being removed."
    }
    { type: install, message: "package being installed."}
    ]

例 110. Display a Message on Upgrade

When a port is upgraded, the message displayed can be even more tailored to the port’s needs.

    [
    {
      type: upgrade
      message: "Package is being upgraded."
    }
    {
      type: upgrade
      maximum_version: "1.0"
      message: "Upgrading from before 1.0 need to do this."
    }
    {
      type: upgrade
      minimum_version: "1.0"
      message: "Upgrading from after 1.0 should do that."
    }
    {
      type: upgrade
      maximum_version: "3.0"
      minimum_version: "1.0"
      message: "Upgrading from > 1.0 and < 3.0 remove that file."
    }
    ]

When displaying a message on upgrade, it is important to limit when it is being shown to the user. Most of the time it is by using `maximum_version` to limit its usage to upgrades from before a certain version when something specific needs to be done.

### 9.2. pkg-install

If the port needs to execute commands when the binary package is installed with `pkg add` or `pkg install`, use pkg-install. This script will automatically be added to the package. It will be run twice by `pkg`, the first time as `${SH} pkg-install ${PKGNAME} PRE-INSTALL` before the package is installed, and the second time as `${SH} pkg-install ${PKGNAME} POST-INSTALL` after it has been installed. `$2` can be tested to determine which mode the script is being run in. The `PKG_PREFIX` environmental variable will be set to the package installation directory.

| This script is here to help you set up the package so that it is as ready to use as possible. It must not be abused to start services, stop services, or run any other commands that will modify the currently running system.

### 9.3. pkg-deinstall

This script executes when a package is removed.

This script will be run twice by `pkg delete`. The first time as `${SH} pkg-deinstall ${PKGNAME} DEINSTALL` before the port is de-installed and the second time as `${SH} pkg-deinstall ${PKGNAME} POST-DEINSTALL` after the port has been de-installed. `$2` can be tested to determine which mode the script is being run in. The `PKG_PREFIX` environmental variable will be set to the package installation directory

| This script is here to help you set up the package so that it is as ready to use as possible. It must not be abused to start services, stop services, or run any other commands that will modify the currently running system.

### 9.4. Changing the Names of pkg-*

All the names of pkg-* are defined using variables that can be changed in the Makefile if needed. This is especially useful when sharing the same pkg-* files among several ports or when it is necessary to write to one of these files. See writing to places other than `WRKDIR` for why it is a bad idea to write directly into the directory containing the pkg-* files.

Here is a list of variable names and their default values. (`PKGDIR` defaults to `${MASTERDIR}`.)

Variable | Default value
--- | ---
`DESCR` | `${PKGDIR}/pkg-descr`
`PLIST` | `${PKGDIR}/pkg-plist`
`PKGINSTALL` | `${PKGDIR}/pkg-install`
`PKGDEINSTALL` | `${PKGDIR}/pkg-deinstall`
`PKGMESSAGE` | `${PKGDIR}/pkg-message`

### 9.5. Making Use of `SUB_FILES` and `SUB_LIST`

`SUB_FILES` and `SUB_LIST` are useful for dynamic values in port files, such as the installation `PREFIX` in pkg-message.

`SUB_FILES` specifies a list of files to be automatically modified. Each file in the `SUB_FILES` list must have a corresponding file.in present in `FILESDIR`. A modified version will be created as ${WRKDIR}/file. Files defined as a value of `USE_RC_SUBR` are automatically added to `SUB_FILES`. For the files pkg-message, pkg-install, and pkg-deinstall, the corresponding Makefile variable is automatically set to point to the processed version.

`SUB_LIST` is a list of `VAR=VALUE` pairs. For each pair, `%%VAR%%` will be replaced with `VALUE` in each file listed in `SUB_FILES`. Several common pairs are automatically defined: `PREFIX`, `LOCALBASE`, `DATADIR`, `DOCSDIR`, `EXAMPLESDIR`, `WWWDIR`, and `ETCDIR`. Any line beginning with `@comment` followed by a space, will be deleted from resulting files after a variable substitution.

This example replaces `%%ARCH%%` with the system architecture in a pkg-message:

    SUB_FILES=	pkg-message
    SUB_LIST=	ARCH=${ARCH}

Note that for this example, pkg-message.in must exist in `FILESDIR`.

Example of a good pkg-message.in:

    Now it is time to configure this package.
    Copy %%PREFIX%%/shared/examples/putsy/%%ARCH%%.conf into your home directory
    as .putsy.conf and edit it.

## Chapter 10. Testing the Port

### 10.1. Running `make describe`

Several of the FreeBSD port maintenance tools, such as portupgrade(1), rely on a database called /usr/ports/INDEX which keeps track of such items as port dependencies. INDEX is created by the top-level ports/Makefile via `make index`, which descends into each port subdirectory and executes `make describe` there. Thus, if `make describe` fails in any port, no one can generate INDEX, and many people will quickly become unhappy.

| It is important to be able to generate this file no matter what options are present in make.conf, so please avoid doing things such as using `.error` statements when (for instance) a dependency is not satisfied. (See Avoid Use of the `.error` Construct.)

If `make describe` produces a string rather than an error message, everything is probably safe. See bsd.port.mk for the meaning of the string produced.

Also note that running a recent version of `portlint` (as specified in the next section) will cause `make describe` to be run automatically.

### 10.2. Portclippy / Portfmt

Those tools come from ports-mgmt/portfmt.

Portclippy is a linter that checks if variables in the Makefile are in the correct order according to Order of Variables in Port Makefiles.

Portfmt is a tool for automatically formatting Makefile.

### 10.3. Portlint

Do check the port with `portlint` before submitting or committing it. `portlint` warns about many common errors, both functional and stylistic. For a new (or repocopied) port, `portlint -A` is the most thorough; for an existing port, `portlint -C` is sufficient.

Since `portlint` uses heuristics to try to figure out errors, it can produce false positive warnings. In addition, occasionally something that is flagged as a problem really cannot be done in any other way due to limitations in the ports framework. When in doubt, the best thing to do is ask on FreeBSD ports 郵遞論壇.

### 10.4. Port Tools

The ports-mgmt/porttools program is part of the Ports Collection.

`port` is the front-end script, which can help simplify the testing job. Whenever a new port or an update to an existing one needs testing, use `port test` to test the port, including the `portlint` checking. This command also detects and lists any files that are not listed in pkg-plist. For example:

    # port test /usr/ports/net/csup

### 10.5. `PREFIX` and `DESTDIR`

`PREFIX` determines where the port will be installed. It defaults to /usr/local, but can be set by the user to a custom path like /opt. The port must respect the value of this variable.

`DESTDIR`, if set by the user, determines the complete alternative environment, usually a jail or an installed system mounted somewhere other than /. A port will actually install into DESTDIR/PREFIX, and register with the package database in DESTDIR/var/db/pkg. `DESTDIR` is handled automatically by the ports infrastructure with chroot(8). There is no need for modifications or any extra care to write `DESTDIR`-compliant ports.

The value of `PREFIX` will be set to `LOCALBASE` (defaulting to /usr/local). If `USE_LINUX_PREFIX` is set, `PREFIX` will be `LINUXBASE` (defaulting to /compat/linux).

Avoiding hard-coded /usr/local paths in the source makes the port much more flexible and able to cater to the needs of other sites. Often, this can be accomplished by replacing occurrences of /usr/local in the port’s various Makefiles with `${PREFIX}`. This variable is automatically passed down to every stage of the build and install processes.

Make sure the application is not installing things in /usr/local instead of `PREFIX`. A quick test for such hard-coded paths is:

    % make clean; make package PREFIX=/var/tmp/`make -V PORTNAME`

If anything is installed outside of `PREFIX`, the package creation process will complain that it cannot find the files.

In addition, it is worth checking the same with the stage directory support (see Staging):

    % make stage && make check-plist && make stage-qa && make package

- `check-plist` checks for files missing from the plist, and files in the plist that are not installed by the port.

- `stage-qa` checks for common problems like bad shebang, symlinks pointing outside the stage directory, setuid files, and non-stripped libraries…​

These tests will not find hard-coded paths inside the port’s files, nor will it verify that `LOCALBASE` is being used to correctly refer to files from other ports. The temporarily-installed port in /var/tmp/`make -V PORTNAME` must be tested for proper operation to make sure there are no problems with paths.

`PREFIX` must not be set explicitly in a port’s Makefile. Users installing the port may have set `PREFIX` to a custom location, and the port must respect that setting.

Refer to programs and files from other ports with the variables mentioned above, not explicit pathnames. For instance, if the port requires a macro `PAGER` to have the full pathname of `less`, do not use a literal path of /usr/local/bin/less. Instead, use `${LOCALBASE}`:

    -DPAGER=\"${LOCALBASE}/bin/less\"

The path with `LOCALBASE` is more likely to still work if the system administrator has moved the whole /usr/local tree somewhere else.

| All these tests are done automatically when running `poudriere testport` or `poudriere bulk -t`. It is highly recommended that every ports contributor install and test their ports with it. See Poudriere for more information.

### 10.6. Poudriere

For a ports contributor, Poudriere is one of the most important and helpful testing and build tools. Its main features include:

- Bulk building of the entire ports tree, specific subsets of the ports tree, or a single port including its dependencies

- Automatic packaging of build results

- Generation of build log files per port

- Providing a signed pkg(8) repository

- Testing of port builds before submitting a patch to the FreeBSD bug tracker or committing to the ports tree

- Testing for successful ports builds using different options

Because Poudriere performs its building in a clean jail(8) environment and uses zfs(8) features, it has several advantages over traditional testing on the host system:

- No pollution of the host environment: No leftover files, no accidental removals, no changes of existing configuration files.

- Verify pkg-plist for missing or superfluous entries

- Ports committers sometimes ask for a Poudriere log alongside a patch submission to assess whether the patch is ready for integration into the ports tree

It is also quite straightforward to set up and use, has no dependencies, and will run on any supported FreeBSD release. This section shows how to install, configure, and run Poudriere as part of the normal workflow of a ports contributor.

The examples in this section show a default file layout, as standard in FreeBSD. Substitute any local changes accordingly. The ports tree, represented by `${PORTSDIR}`, is located in /usr/ports. Both `${LOCALBASE}` and `${PREFIX}` are /usr/local by default.

#### 10.6.1. Installing Poudriere

Poudriere is available in the ports tree in ports-mgmt/poudriere. It can be installed using pkg(8) or from ports:

    # pkg install poudriere

or

    # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/poudriere install clean

There is also a work-in-progress version of Poudriere which will eventually become the next release. It is available in ports-mgmt/poudriere-devel. This development version is used for the official FreeBSD package builds, so it is well tested. It often has newer interesting features. A ports committer will want to use the development version because it is what is used in production, and has all the new features that will make sure everything is exactly right. A contributor will not necessarily need those as the most important fixes are backported to released version. The main reason for the use of the development version to build the official package is because it is faster, in a way that will shorten a full build from 18 hours to 17 hours when using a high end 32 CPU server with 128GB of RAM. Those optimizations will not matter a lot when building ports on a desktop machine.

#### 10.6.2. Setting Up Poudriere

The port installs a default configuration file, /usr/local/etc/poudriere.conf. Each parameter is documented in the configuration file and in poudriere(8). Here is a minimal example config file:

    ZPOOL=tank
    ZROOTFS=/poudriere
    BASEFS=/poudriere
    DISTFILES_CACHE=/usr/ports/distfiles
    RESOLV_CONF=/etc/resolv.conf
    FREEBSD_HOST=ftp://ftp.freebsd.org
    SVN_HOST=svn.FreeBSD.org

`ZPOOL`

  The name of the ZFS storage pool which Poudriere shall use. Must be listed in the output of `zpool status`.

`ZROOTFS`

  The root of Poudriere-managed file systems. This entry will cause Poudriere to create zfs(8) file systems under `tank/poudriere`.

`BASEFS`

  The root mount point for Poudriere file systems. This entry will cause Poudriere to mount `tank/poudriere` to `/poudriere`.

`DISTFILES_CACHE`

  Defines where distfiles are stored. In this example, Poudriere and the host share the distfiles storage directory. This avoids downloading tarballs which are already present on the system. Please create this directory if it does not already exist so that Poudriere can find it.

`RESOLV_CONF`

  Use the host /etc/resolv.conf inside jails for DNS. This is needed so jails can resolve the URLs of distfiles when downloading. It is not needed when using a proxy. Refer to the default configuration file for proxy configuration.

`FREEBSD_HOST`

  The FTP/HTTP server to use when the jails are installed from FreeBSD releases and updated with freebsd-update(8). Choose a server location which is close, for example if the machine is located in Australia, use `ftp.au.freebsd.org`.

`SVN_HOST`

  The server from where jails are installed and updated when using Subversion. Also used for ports tree when not using portsnap(8). Again, choose a nearby location. A list of official Subversion mirrors can be found in the FreeBSD Handbook Subversion section.

#### 10.6.3. Creating Poudriere Jails

Create the base jails which Poudriere will use for building:

    # poudriere jail -c -j 114Ramd64 -v 11.4-RELEASE -a amd64

Fetch a `11.4-RELEASE` for `amd64` from the FTP server given by `FREEBSD_HOST` in poudriere.conf, create the zfs file system `tank/poudriere/jails/114Ramd64`, mount it on /poudriere/jails/114Ramd64 and extract the `11.4-RELEASE` tarballs into this file system.

    # poudriere jail -c -j 11i386 -v stable/11 -a i386 -m git+https

Create `tank/poudriere/jails/11i386`, mount it on /poudriere/jails/11i386, then check out the tip of the Subversion branch of `FreeBSD-11-STABLE` from `SVN_HOST` in poudriere.conf into /poudriere/jails/11i386/usr/src, then complete a `buildworld` and install it into /poudriere/jails/11i386.

| If a specific Subversion revision is needed, append it to the version string. For example:
    # poudriere jail -c -j 11i386 -v stable/11@123456 -a i386 -m git+https

| While it is possible to build a newer version of FreeBSD on an older version, most of the time it will not run. For example, if a `stable/11` jail is needed, the host will have to run `stable/11` too. Running `11.4-RELEASE` is not enough.

| To create a Poudriere jail for `14.0-CURRENT`:
    # poudriere jail -c -j 14amd64 -v main -a amd64 -m git+https
In order to run a `14.0-CURRENT` Poudriere jail you must be running `14.0-CURRENT`. In general, newer kernels can build and run older jails. For instance, a `14.0-CURRENT` kernel can build and run a `11.4-STABLE`. Poudriere jail if the `COMPAT_FREEBSD11` kernel option was compiled in (on by default in `14.0-CURRENT`GENERIC kernel config).

| The default `svn` protocol works but is not very secure. Using `svn+https` along with verifying the remote server’s SSL fingerprint is advised. It will ensure that the files used for building the jail are from a trusted source.

A list of jails currently known to Poudriere can be shown with `poudriere jail -l`:

    # poudriere jail -l
    JAILNAME             VERSION              ARCH    METHOD
    114Ramd64            11.4-RELEASE         amd64   ftp
    11i386               11.4-STABLE          i386    svn+https

#### 10.6.4. Keeping Poudriere Jails Updated

Managing updates is very straightforward. The command:

    # poudriere jail -u -j JAILNAME

updates the specified jail to the latest version available. For FreeBSD releases, update to the latest patchlevel with freebsd-update(8). For FreeBSD versions built from source, update to the latest Subversion revision in the branch.

| For jails employing a `git+*` method, it is helpful to add `-J NumberOfParallelBuildJobs` to speed up the build by increasing the number of parallel compile jobs used. For example, if the building machine has 6 CPUs, use:
    # poudriere jail -u -J 6 -j JAILNAME

#### 10.6.5. Setting Up Ports Trees for Use with Poudriere

There are multiple ways to use ports trees in Poudriere. The most straightforward way is to have Poudriere create a default ports tree for itself, using either portsnap(8) (if running FreeBSD 12.1 or 11.4) or Git (if running FreeBSD-CURRENT):

    # poudriere ports -c -m portsnap

or

    # poudriere ports -c -m git+https -B main

These commands create `tank/poudriere/ports/default`, mount it on /poudriere/ports/default, and populate it using Git, portsnap(8), or Subversion. Afterward it is included in the list of known ports trees:

    # poudriere ports -l
    PORTSTREE METHOD    TIMESTAMP           PATH
    default   git+https 2020-07-20 04:23:56 /poudriere/ports/default

| Note that the "default" ports tree is special. Each of the build commands explained later will implicitly use this ports tree unless specifically specified otherwise. To use another tree, add `-p treename` to the commands.

While useful for regular bulk builds, having this default ports tree with the portsnap(8) method may not be the best way to deal with local modifications for a ports contributor. As with the creation of jails, it is possible to use a different method for creating the ports tree. To add an additional ports tree for testing local modifications and ports development, checking out the tree via Subversion (as described above) is preferable.

| The http and https methods need devel/subversion built with the `SERF` option enabled. It is enabled by default.

| The `svn` method allows extra qualifiers to tell Subversion exactly how to fetch data. This is explained in poudriere(8). For instance, `poudriere ports -c -m svn+ssh -p subversive` uses SSH for the checkout.

#### 10.6.6. Using Manually Managed Ports Trees with Poudriere

Depending on the workflow, it can be extremely helpful to use ports trees which are maintained manually. For instance, if there is a local copy of the ports tree in /work/ports, point Poudriere to the location:

- For Poudriere older than version 3.1.20:

      # poudriere ports -c -F -f none -M /work/ports -p development

- For Poudriere version 3.1.20 and later:

      # poudriere ports -c -m null -M /work/ports -p development

This will be listed in the table of known trees:

    # poudriere ports -l
    PORTSTREE   METHOD    TIMESTAMP           PATH
    development null      2020-07-20 05:06:33 /work/ports

| The dash or `null` in the `METHOD` column means that Poudriere will not update or change this ports tree, ever. It is completely up to the user to maintain this tree, including all local modifications that may be used for testing new ports and submitting patches.

#### 10.6.7. Keeping Poudriere Ports Trees Updated

As straightforward as with jails described earlier:

    # poudriere ports -u -p PORTSTREE

Will update the given PORTSTREE, one tree given by the output of `poudriere -l`, to the latest revision available on the official servers.

| Ports trees without a method, see Using Manually Managed Ports Trees with Poudriere, cannot be updated like this. They must be updated manually by the porter.

#### 10.6.8. Testing Ports

After jails and ports trees have been set up, the result of a contributor’s modifications to the ports tree can be tested.

For example, local modifications to the www/firefox port located in /work/ports/www/firefox can be tested in the previously created 11.4-RELEASE jail:

    # poudriere testport -j 114Ramd64 -p development -o www/firefox

This will build all dependencies of Firefox. If a dependency has been built previously and is still up-to-date, the pre-built package is installed. If a dependency has no up-to-date package, one will be built with default options in a jail. Then Firefox itself is built.

The complete build of every port is logged to /poudriere/data/logs/bulk/114Ri386-development/build-time/logs.

The directory name `114Ri386-development` is derived from the arguments to `-j` and `-p`, respectively. For convenience, a symbolic link /poudriere/data/logs/bulk/114Ri386-development/latest is also maintained. The link points to the latest build-time directory. Also in this directory is an index.html for observing the build process with a web browser.

By default, Poudriere cleans up the jails and leaves log files in the directories mentioned above. To ease investigation, jails can be kept running after the build by adding `-i` to `testport`:

    # poudriere testport -j 114Ramd64 -p development -i -o www/firefox

After the build completes, and regardless of whether it was successful, a shell is provided within the jail. The shell is used to investigate further. Poudriere can be told to leave the jail running after the build finishes with `-I`. Poudriere will show the command to run when the jail is no longer needed. It is then possible to jexec(8) into it:

    # poudriere testport -j 114Ramd64 -p development -I -o www/firefox
    [...]
    ====>> Installing local Pkg repository to /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos
    ====>> Leaving jail 114Ramd64-development-n running, mounted at /poudriere/data/.m/114Ramd64-development/ref for interactive run testing
    ====>> To enter jail: jexec 114Ramd64-development-n env -i TERM=$TERM /usr/bin/login -fp root
    ====>> To stop jail: poudriere jail -k -j 114Ramd64 -p development
    # jexec 114Ramd64-development-n env -i TERM=$TERM /usr/bin/login -fp root
    # [do some stuff in the jail]
    # exit
    # poudriere jail -k -j 114Ramd64 -p development
    ====>> Umounting file systems

An integral part of the FreeBSD ports build infrastructure is the ability to tweak ports to personal preferences with options. These can be tested with Poudriere as well. Adding the `-c`:

    # poudriere testport -c -o www/firefox

Presents the port configuration dialog before the port is built. The ports given after `-o` in the format `category/portname` will use the specified options, all dependencies will use the default options. Testing dependent ports with non-default options can be accomplished using sets, see Using Sets.

| When testing ports where pkg-plist is altered during build depending on the selected options, it is recommended to perform a test run with all options selected and one with all options deselected.

#### 10.6.9. Using Sets

For all actions involving builds, a so-called set can be specified using `-z setname`. A set refers to a fully independent build. This allows, for instance, usage of `testport` with non-standard options for the dependent ports.

To use sets, Poudriere expects an existing directory structure similar to `PORT_DBDIR`, defaults to /var/db/ports in its configuration directory. This directory is then nullfs(5)-mounted into the jails where the ports and their dependencies are built. Usually a suitable starting point can be obtained by recursively copying the existing `PORT_DBDIR` to /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/jailname-portname-setname-options. This is described in detail in poudriere(8). For instance, testing www/firefox in a specific set named `devset`, add the `-z devset` parameter to the testport command:

    # poudriere testport -j 114Ramd64 -p development -z devset -o www/firefox

This will look for the existence of these directories in this order:

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-development-devset-options

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-devset-options

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-development-options

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/devset-options

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/development-options

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-options

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/options

From this list, Poudriere nullfs(5)-mounts the first existing directory tree into the /var/db/ports directory of the build jails. Hence, all custom options are used for all the ports during this run of `testport`.

After the directory structure for a set is provided, the options for a particular port can be altered. For example:

    # poudriere options -c www/firefox -z devset

The configuration dialog for www/firefox is shown, and options can be edited. The selected options are saved to the `devset` set.

| Poudriere is very flexible in the option configuration. They can be set for particular jails, ports trees, and for multiple ports by one command. Refer to poudriere(8) for details.

#### 10.6.10. Providing a Custom make.conf File

Similar to using sets, Poudriere will also use a custom make.conf if it is provided. No special command line argument is necessary. Instead, Poudriere looks for existing files matching a name scheme derived from the command line. For instance:

    # poudriere testport -j 114Ramd64 -p development -z devset -o www/firefox

causes Poudriere to check for the existence of these files in this order:

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/make.conf

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/devset-make.conf

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/development-make.conf

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-make.conf

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-development-make.conf

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-devset-make.conf

- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-development-devset-make.conf

Unlike with sets, all of the found files will be appended, in that order, into one make.conf inside the build jails. It is hence possible to have general make variables, intended to affect all builds in /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/make.conf. Special variables, intended to affect only certain jails or sets can be set in specialised make.conf files, such as /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d/114Ramd64-development-devset-make.conf.

例 111. Using make.conf to Change Default Perl

To build a set with a non default Perl version, for example, `5.20`, using a set named `perl5-20`, create a perl5-20-make.conf with this line:

    DEFAULT_VERSIONS+= perl=5.20

Note the use of `+=` so that if the variable is already set in the default make.conf its content will not be overwritten.

#### 10.6.11. Pruning no Longer Needed Distfiles

Poudriere comes with a built-in mechanism to remove outdated distfiles that are no longer used by any port of a given tree. The command

    # poudriere distclean -p portstree

will scan the distfiles folder, `DISTFILES_CACHE` in poudriere.conf, versus the ports tree given by the `-p portstree` argument and prompt for removal of those distfiles. To skip the prompt and remove all unused files unconditionally, the `-y` argument can be added:

    # poudriere distclean -p portstree -y

## Chapter 11. Upgrading a Port

When a port is not the most recent version available from the authors, update the local working copy of /usr/ports. The port might have already been updated to the new version.

When working with more than a few ports, it will probably be easier to use Git to keep the whole ports collection up-to-date, as described in the Handbook. This will have the added benefit of tracking all the port’s dependencies.

The next step is to see if there is an update already pending. To do this, there are two options. There is a searchable interface to the FreeBSD Problem Report (PR) or bug database. Select `Ports & Packages` in the `Product` multiple select menu, and enter the name of the port in the `Summary` field.

However, sometimes people forget to put the name of the port into the Summary field in an unambiguous fashion. In that case, try searching in the `Comment` field in the `Detailled Bug Information` section, or try the FreeBSD Ports Monitoring System (also known as `portsmon`). This system attempts to classify port PRs by portname. To search for PRs about a particular port, use the Overview of One Port.

| The FreeBSD Ports Monitoring System (portsmon) is currently not working due to latest Python updates.

If there is no pending PR, the next step is to send an email to the port’s maintainer, as shown by `make maintainer`. That person may already be working on an upgrade, or have a reason to not upgrade the port right now (because of, for example, stability problems of the new version), and there is no need to duplicate their work. Note that unmaintained ports are listed with a maintainer of `ports@FreeBSD.org`, which is just the general ports mailing list, so sending mail there probably will not help in this case.

If the maintainer asks you to do the upgrade or there is no maintainer, then help out FreeBSD by preparing the update! Please do this by using the diff(1) command in the base system.

To create a suitable `diff` for a single patch, copy the file that needs patching to something.orig, save the changes to something and then create the patch:

    % diff -u something.orig something > something.diff

Otherwise, either use the `git diff` method (Using Git to Make Patches) or copy the contents of the port to an entire different directory and use the result of the recursive diff(1) output of the new and old ports directories (for example, if the modified port directory is called superedit and the original is in our tree as superedit.bak, then save the result of `diff -ruN superedit.bak superedit`). Either unified or context diff is fine, but port committers generally prefer unified diffs. Note the use of the `-N` option-this is the accepted way to force diff to properly deal with the case of new files being added or old files being deleted. Before sending us the diff, please examine the output to make sure all the changes make sense. (In particular, make sure to first clean out the work directories with `make clean`).

| If some files have been added, copied, moved, or removed, add this information to the problem report so that the committer picking up the patch will know what git(1) commands to run.

To simplify common operations with patch files, use `make makepatch` as described in Patching. Other tools exists, like /usr/ports/Tools/scripts/patchtool.py. Before using it, please read /usr/ports/Tools/scripts/README.patchtool.

If the port is unmaintained, and you are actively using it, please consider volunteering to become its maintainer. FreeBSD has over 4000 ports without maintainers, and this is an area where more volunteers are always needed. (For a detailed description of the responsibilities of maintainers, refer to the section in the Developer’s Handbook.)

To submit the diff, use the bug submit form (product `Ports & Packages`, component `Individual Port(s)`). Always include the category with the port name, followed by colon, and brief descripton of the issue. Examples: `category/portname: add FOO option`; `category/portname: Update to X.Y`. Please mention any added or deleted files in the message, as they have to be explicitly specified to git(1) when doing a commit. Do not compress or encode the diff.

Before submitting the bug, review the Writing the problem report section in the Problem Reports article. It contains far more information about how to write useful problem reports.

| If the upgrade is motivated by security concerns or a serious fault in the currently committed port, please notify the Ports Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org> to request immediate rebuilding and redistribution of the port’s package. Unsuspecting users of `pkg` will otherwise continue to install the old version via `pkg install` for several weeks.

| Please use diff(1) or `git diff` to create updates to existing ports. Other formats include the whole file and make it impossible to see just what has changed. When diffs are not included, the entire update might be ignored.

Now that all of that is done, read about how to keep up-to-date in Keeping Up.

### 11.1. Using Git to Make Patches

When possible, please submit a git(1) patch or diff. They are easier to handle than diffs between "new and old" directories. It is easier to see what has changed, and to update the diff if something was modified in the Ports Collection since the work on it began, or if the committer asks for something to be fixed. Also, a patch generated with git-format-patch(1) or git-diff(1) can be easily applied with git-am(1) or git-apply(1) and will save some time for the committer. Finally, the git patch generated by git-format-patch(1) includes your author information and commit messages. These will be recorded in the log of the repository and this is the recommended way to submit your changes.

    % git clone https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git ~/my_wrkdir  (1) (2)
    % cd ~/my_wrkdir

1 | This can be anywhere, of course. Building ports is not limited to within /usr/ports/.
2 | git.FreeBSD.org is the FreeBSD public Git server. See FreeBSD Git Repository URL Table for more information.

While in the port directory, make any changes that are needed. If adding, moving, or removing a file, use `git` to track these changes:

    % git add new_file
    % git mv old_name new_name
    % git rm deleted_file

Make sure to check the port using the checklist in Testing the Port and Checking the Port with `portlint`.

Before making the patch, fetch the latest repository and rebase the changes on top of it. Watch and follow the output carefully. If any of the files failed to rebase, it means that the upstream files changed while you were editing the same file, and the conflicts need to be resolved manually.

    % git fetch origin main
    % git rebase origin/main

Check the changes staged for the patch:

    % git status
    % git diff --staged

The last step is to make an unified diff or patch of the changes:

To generate an unified diff with git-diff(1):

    % git diff --staged > ../`make -VPKGNAME`.diff

This will generate a diff named like `foo-1.2.3.diff`. Where `foo` is replaced with the first line of the commit message, i.e., the subject of the commit message.

To generate a patch with git-format-patch(1):

    % git checkout -b my_branch
    % git commit
    % git format-patch main

This will generate a patch named like `0001-foo.patch`.

After patch has been created, you can switch to the main branch for starting other developments.

    % git checkout main

Once the patch is accepted and merged, you can delete the local development branch if you want:

    % git branch -D my_branch

| If files have been added, moved, or removed, include the git(1) `add`, `mv`, and `rm` commands that were used. `git mv` must be run before the patch can be applied. `git add` or `git rm` must be run after the patch is applied.

Send the patch following the problem report submission guidelines.

### 11.2. UPDATING and MOVED

#### 11.2.1. /usr/ports/UPDATING

If upgrading the port requires special steps like changing configuration files or running a specific program, it must be documented in this file. The format of an entry in this file is:

    YYYYMMDD:
      AFFECTS: users of portcategory/portname
      AUTHOR: Your name <Your email address>

      Special instructions

| When including exact portmaster, portupgrade, and/or pkg instructions, please make sure to get the shell escaping right. For example, do not use:
    # pkg delete -g -f docbook-xml* docbook-sk* docbook[2345]??-* docbook-4*
As shown, the command will only work with bourne shells. Instead, use the form shown below, which will work with both bourne shell and c-shell:
    # pkg delete -g -f docbook-xml\* docbook-sk\* docbook\[2345\]\?\?-\* docbook-4\*

| It is recommended that the AFFECTS line contains a glob matching all the ports affected by the entry so that automated tools can parse it as easily as possible. If an update concerns all the existing BIND 9 versions the `AFFECTS` content must be `users of dns/bind9*`, it must not be `users of BIND 9`

#### 11.2.2. /usr/ports/MOVED

This file is used to list moved or removed ports. Each line in the file is made up of the name of the port, where the port was moved, when, and why. If the port was removed, the section detailing where it was moved can be left blank. Each section must be separated by the `|` (pipe) character, like so:

    old name|new name (blank for deleted)|date of move|reason

The date must be entered in the form `YYYY-MM-DD`. New entries are added to the end of the list to keep it in chronological order, with the oldest entry at the top of the list.

If a port was removed but has since been restored, delete the line in this file that states that it was removed.

If a port was renamed and then renamed back to its original name, add a new one with the intermediate name to the old name, and remove the old entry as to not create a loop.

| Any changes must be validated with `Tools/scripts/MOVEDlint.awk`. If using a ports directory other than /usr/ports, use:
    % cd /home/user/ports
    % env PORTSDIR=$PWD Tools/scripts/MOVEDlint.awk

## Chapter 12. Security

### 12.1. Why Security is So Important

Bugs are occasionally introduced to the software. Arguably, the most dangerous of them are those opening security vulnerabilities. From the technical viewpoint, such vulnerabilities are to be closed by exterminating the bugs that caused them. However, the policies for handling mere bugs and security vulnerabilities are very different.

A typical small bug affects only those users who have enabled some combination of options triggering the bug. The developer will eventually release a patch followed by a new version of the software, free of the bug, but the majority of users will not take the trouble of upgrading immediately because the bug has never vexed them. A critical bug that may cause data loss represents a graver issue. Nevertheless, prudent users know that a lot of possible accidents, besides software bugs, are likely to lead to data loss, and so they make backups of important data; in addition, a critical bug will be discovered really soon.

A security vulnerability is all different. First, it may remain unnoticed for years because often it does not cause software malfunction. Second, a malicious party can use it to gain unauthorized access to a vulnerable system, to destroy or alter sensitive data; and in the worst case the user will not even notice the harm caused. Third, exposing a vulnerable system often assists attackers to break into other systems that could not be compromised otherwise. Therefore closing a vulnerability alone is not enough: notify the audience of it in the most clear and comprehensive manner, which will allow them to evaluate the danger and take appropriate action.

### 12.2. Fixing Security Vulnerabilities

While on the subject of ports and packages, a security vulnerability may initially appear in the original distribution or in the port files. In the former case, the original software developer is likely to release a patch or a new version instantly. Update the port promptly with respect to the author’s fix. If the fix is delayed for some reason, either mark the port as `FORBIDDEN` or introduce a patch file to the port. In the case of a vulnerable port, just fix the port as soon as possible. In either case, follow the standard procedure for submitting changes unless having rights to commit it directly to the ports tree.

| Being a ports committer is not enough to commit to an arbitrary port. Remember that ports usually have maintainers, must be respected.

Please make sure that the port’s revision is bumped as soon as the vulnerability has been closed. That is how the users who upgrade installed packages on a regular basis will see they need to run an update. Besides, a new package will be built and distributed over FTP and WWW mirrors, replacing the vulnerable one. Bump `PORTREVISION` unless `DISTVERSION` has changed in the course of correcting the vulnerability. That is, bump `PORTREVISION` if adding a patch file to the port, but do not bump it if updating the port to the latest software version and thus already touched `DISTVERSION`. Please refer to the corresponding section for more information.

### 12.3. Keeping the Community Informed

#### 12.3.1. The VuXML Database

A very important and urgent step to take as early after a security vulnerability is discovered as possible is to notify the community of port users about the jeopardy. Such notification serves two purposes. First, if the danger is really severe it will be wise to apply an instant workaround. For example, stop the affected network service or even deinstall the port completely until the vulnerability is closed. Second, a lot of users tend to upgrade installed packages only occasionally. They will know from the notification that they must update the package without delay as soon as a corrected version is available.

Given the huge number of ports in the tree, a security advisory cannot be issued on each incident without creating a flood and losing the attention of the audience when it comes to really serious matters. Therefore security vulnerabilities found in ports are recorded in the FreeBSD VuXML database. The Security Officer Team members also monitor it for issues requiring their intervention.

Committers can update the VuXML database themselves, assisting the Security Officer Team and delivering crucial information to the community more quickly. Those who are not committers or have discovered an exceptionally severe vulnerability should not hesitate to contact the Security Officer Team directly, as described on the FreeBSD Security Information page.

The VuXML database is an XML document. Its source file vuln.xml is kept right inside the port security/vuxml. Therefore the file’s full pathname will be PORTSDIR/security/vuxml/vuln.xml. Each time a security vulnerability is discovered in a port, please add an entry for it to that file. Until familiar with VuXML, the best thing to do is to find an existing entry fitting the case at hand, then copy it and use it as a template.

#### 12.3.2. A Short Introduction to VuXML

The full-blown XML format is complex, and far beyond the scope of this book. However, to gain basic insight on the structure of a VuXML entry only the notion of tags is needed. XML tag names are enclosed in angle brackets. Each opening <tag> must have a matching closing </tag>. Tags may be nested. If nesting, the inner tags must be closed before the outer ones. There is a hierarchy of tags, that is, more complex rules of nesting them. This is similar to HTML. The major difference is that XML is eXtensible, that is, based on defining custom tags. Due to its intrinsic structure XML puts otherwise amorphous data into shape. VuXML is particularly tailored to mark up descriptions of security vulnerabilities.

Now consider a realistic VuXML entry:

    <vuln vid="f4bc80f4-da62-11d8-90ea-0004ac98a7b9"> (1)
      <topic>Several vulnerabilities found in Foo</topic> (2)
      <affects>
        <package>
          <name>foo</name> (3)
          <name>foo-devel</name>
          <name>ja-foo</name>
          <range><ge>1.6</ge><lt>1.9</lt></range> (4)
          <range><ge>2.*</ge><lt>2.4_1</lt></range>
          <range><eq>3.0b1</eq></range>
        </package>
        <package>
          <name>openfoo</name> (5)
          <range><lt>1.10_7</lt></range> (6)
          <range><ge>1.2,1</ge><lt>1.3_1,1</lt></range>
        </package>
      </affects>
      <description>
        <body xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
          <p>J. Random Hacker reports:</p> (7)
          <blockquote
            cite="http://j.r.hacker.com/advisories/1">
            <p>Several issues in the Foo software may be exploited
              via carefully crafted QUUX requests.  These requests will
              permit the injection of Bar code, mumble theft, and the
              readability of the Foo administrator account.</p>
          </blockquote>
        </body>
      </description>
      <references> (8)
        <freebsdsa>SA-10:75.foo</freebsdsa> (9)
        <freebsdpr>ports/987654</freebsdpr> (10)
        <cvename>CAN-2010-0201</cvename> (11)
        <cvename>CAN-2010-0466</cvename>
        <bid>96298</bid> (12)
        <certsa>CA-2010-99</certsa> (13)
        <certvu>740169</certvu> (14)
        <uscertsa>SA10-99A</uscertsa> (15)
        <uscertta>SA10-99A</uscertta> (16)
        <mlist msgid="201075606@hacker.com">http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=bugtraq&amp;m=203886607825605</mlist> (17)
        <url>http://j.r.hacker.com/advisories/1</url> (18)
      </references>
      <dates>
        <discovery>2010-05-25</discovery> (19)
        <entry>2010-07-13</entry> (20)
        <modified>2010-09-17</modified> (21)
      </dates>
    </vuln>

The tag names are supposed to be self-explanatory so we shall take a closer look only at fields which needs to be filled in:

1 | This is the top-level tag of a VuXML entry. It has a mandatory attribute, `vid`, specifying a universally unique identifier (UUID) for this entry (in quotes). Generate a UUID for each new VuXML entry (and do not forget to substitute it for the template UUID unless writing the entry from scratch). Use uuidgen(1) to generate a VuXML UUID.
2 | This is a one-line description of the issue found.
3 | The names of packages affected are listed there. Multiple names can be given since several packages may be based on a single master port or software product. This may include stable and development branches, localized versions, and slave ports featuring different choices of important build-time configuration options.
4 | Affected versions of the package(s) are specified there as one or more ranges using a combination of `<lt>`, `<le>`, `<eq>`, `<ge>`, and `<gt>` elements. Check that the version ranges given do not overlap. In a range specification, `*` (asterisk) denotes the smallest version number. In particular, `2.*` is less than `2.a`. Therefore an asterisk may be used for a range to match all possible `alpha`, `beta`, and `RC` versions. For instance, `<ge>2.</ge><lt>3.</lt>` will selectively match every `2.x` version while `<ge>2.0</ge><lt>3.0</lt>` will not since the latter misses `2.r3` and matches `3.b`. The above example specifies that affected are versions `1.6` and up to but not including `1.9`, versions `2.x` before `2.4_1`, and version `3.0b1`.
5 | Several related package groups (essentially, ports) can be listed in the `<affected>` section. This can be used if several software products (say FooBar, FreeBar and OpenBar) grow from the same code base and still share its bugs and vulnerabilities. Note the difference from listing multiple names within a single <package> section.
6 | The version ranges have to allow for `PORTEPOCH` and `PORTREVISION` if applicable. Please remember that according to the collation rules, a version with a non-zero `PORTEPOCH` is greater than any version without `PORTEPOCH`, for example, `3.0,1` is greater than `3.1` or even than `8.9`.
7 | This is a summary of the issue. XHTML is used in this field. At least enclosing `<p>` and `</p>` has to appear. More complex mark-up may be used, but only for the sake of accuracy and clarity: No eye candy please.
8 | This section contains references to relevant documents. As many references as apply are encouraged.
9 | This is a FreeBSD security advisory.
10 | This is a FreeBSD problem report.
11 | This is a MITRE CVE identifier.
12 | This is a SecurityFocus Bug ID.
13 | This is a US-CERT security advisory.
14 | This is a US-CERT vulnerability note.
15 | This is a US-CERT Cyber Security Alert.
16 | This is a US-CERT Technical Cyber Security Alert.
17 | This is a URL to an archived posting in a mailing list. The attribute `msgid` is optional and may specify the message ID of the posting.
18 | This is a generic URL. Only it if none of the other reference categories apply.
19 | This is the date when the issue was disclosed (YYYY-MM-DD).
20 | This is the date when the entry was added (YYYY-MM-DD).
21 | This is the date when any information in the entry was last modified (YYYY-MM-DD). New entries must not include this field. Add it when editing an existing entry.

#### 12.3.3. Testing Changes to the VuXML Database

This example describes a new entry for a vulnerability in the package `dropbear` that has been fixed in version `dropbear-2013.59`.

As a prerequisite, install a fresh version of security/vuxml port.

First, check whether there already is an entry for this vulnerability. If there were such an entry, it would match the previous version of the package, `2013.58`:

    % pkg audit dropbear-2013.58

If there is none found, add a new entry for this vulnerability.

    % cd ${PORTSDIR}/security/vuxml
    % make newentry

Verify its syntax and formatting:

    % make validate

The previous command generates the vuln-flat.xml file. It can also be generated with:

    % make vuln-flat.xml

| At least one of these packages needs to be installed: textproc/libxml2, textproc/jade.

Verify that the `<affected>` section of the entry will match the correct packages:

    % pkg audit -f ${PORTSDIR}/security/vuxml/vuln-flat.xml dropbear-2013.58

Make sure that the entry produces no spurious matches in the output.

Now check whether the right package versions are matched by the entry:

    % pkg audit -f ${PORTSDIR}/security/vuxml/vuln-flat.xml dropbear-2013.58 dropbear-2013.59
    dropbear-2012.58 is vulnerable:
    dropbear -- exposure of sensitive information, DoS
    CVE: CVE-2013-4434
    CVE: CVE-2013-4421
    WWW: http://portaudit.FreeBSD.org/8c9b48d1-3715-11e3-a624-00262d8b701d.html

    1 problem(s) in the installed packages found.

The former version matches while the latter one does not.

## Chapter 13. Dos and Don’ts

### 13.1. Introduction

Here is a list of common dos and don’ts that are encountered during the porting process. Check the port against this list, but also check ports in the PR database that others have submitted. Submit any comments on ports as described in Bug Reports and General Commentary. Checking ports in the PR database will both make it faster for us to commit them, and prove that you know what you are doing.

### 13.2. `WRKDIR`

Do not write anything to files outside `WRKDIR`. `WRKDIR` is the only place that is guaranteed to be writable during the port build (see installing ports from a CDROM for an example of building ports from a read-only tree). The pkg-* files can be modified by redefining a variable rather than overwriting the file.

### 13.3. `WRKDIRPREFIX`

Make sure the port honors `WRKDIRPREFIX`. Most ports do not have to worry about this. In particular, when referring to a `WRKDIR` of another port, note that the correct location is ${WRKDIRPREFIX}${PORTSDIR}/subdir/name/work not ${PORTSDIR}/subdir/name/work or ${.CURDIR}/../../subdir/name/work or some such.

### 13.4. Differentiating Operating Systems and OS Versions

Some code needs modifications or conditional compilation based upon what version of FreeBSD Unix it is running under. The preferred way to tell FreeBSD versions apart are the `__FreeBSD_version` and `__FreeBSD__` macros defined in sys/param.h. If this file is not included add the code,

    #include <sys/param.h>

to the proper place in the .c file.

`__FreeBSD__` is defined in all versions of FreeBSD as their major version number. For example, in FreeBSD 9.x, `__FreeBSD__` is defined to be `9`.

    #if __FreeBSD__ >= 9
    #  if __FreeBSD_version >= 901000
    	 /* 9.1+ release specific code here */
    #  endif
    #endif

A complete list of `__FreeBSD_version` values is available in __FreeBSD_version Values.

### 13.5. Writing Something After bsd.port.mk

Do not write anything after the `.include <bsd.port.mk>` line. It usually can be avoided by including bsd.port.pre.mk somewhere in the middle of the Makefile and bsd.port.post.mk at the end.

| Include either the bsd.port.pre.mk/bsd.port.post.mk pair or bsd.port.mk only; do not mix these two usages.

bsd.port.pre.mk only defines a few variables, which can be used in tests in the Makefile, bsd.port.post.mk defines the rest.

Here are some important variables defined in bsd.port.pre.mk (this is not the complete list, please read bsd.port.mk for the complete list).

Variable | Description
--- | ---
`ARCH` | The architecture as returned by `uname -m` (for example, `i386`)
`OPSYS` | The operating system type, as returned by `uname -s` (for example, `FreeBSD`)
`OSREL` | The release version of the operating system (for example, `2.1.5` or `2.2.7`)
`OSVERSION` | The numeric version of the operating system; the same as `__FreeBSD_version`.
`LOCALBASE` | The base of the "local" tree (for example, `/usr/local`)
`PREFIX` | Where the port installs itself (see more on `PREFIX`).

| When `MASTERDIR` is needed, always define it before including bsd.port.pre.mk.

Here are some examples of things that can be added after bsd.port.pre.mk:

    # no need to compile lang/perl5 if perl5 is already in system
    .if ${OSVERSION} > 300003
    BROKEN=	perl is in system
    .endif

Always use tab instead of spaces after `BROKEN=`.

### 13.6. Use the `exec` Statement in Wrapper Scripts

If the port installs a shell script whose purpose is to launch another program, and if launching that program is the last action performed by the script, make sure to launch the program using the `exec` statement, for instance:

    #!/bin/sh
    exec %%LOCALBASE%%/bin/java -jar %%DATADIR%%/foo.jar "$@"

The `exec` statement replaces the shell process with the specified program. If `exec` is omitted, the shell process remains in memory while the program is executing, and needlessly consumes system resources.

### 13.7. Do Things Rationally

The Makefile should do things in a simple and reasonable manner. Making it a couple of lines shorter or more readable is always better. Examples include using a make `.if` construct instead of a shell `if` construct, not redefining `do-extract` if redefining `EXTRACT*` is enough, and using `GNU_CONFIGURE` instead of `CONFIGURE_ARGS += --prefix=${PREFIX}`.

If a lot of new code is needed to do something, there may already be an implementation of it in bsd.port.mk. While hard to read, there are a great many seemingly-hard problems for which bsd.port.mk already provides a shorthand solution.

### 13.8. Respect Both `CC` and `CXX`

The port must respect both `CC` and `CXX`. What we mean by this is that the port must not set the values of these variables absolutely, overriding existing values; instead, it may append whatever values it needs to the existing values. This is so that build options that affect all ports can be set globally.

If the port does not respect these variables, please add `NO_PACKAGE=ignores either cc or cxx` to the Makefile.

Here is an example of a Makefile respecting both `CC` and `CXX`. Note the `?=`:

    CC?= gcc

    CXX?= g++

Here is an example which respects neither `CC` nor `CXX`:

    CC= gcc

    CXX= g++

Both `CC` and `CXX` can be defined on FreeBSD systems in /etc/make.conf. The first example defines a value if it was not previously set in /etc/make.conf, preserving any system-wide definitions. The second example clobbers anything previously defined.

### 13.9. Respect `CFLAGS`

The port must respect `CFLAGS`. What we mean by this is that the port must not set the value of this variable absolutely, overriding the existing value. Instead, it may append whatever values it needs to the existing value. This is so that build options that affect all ports can be set globally.

If it does not, please add `NO_PACKAGE=ignores cflags` to the Makefile.

Here is an example of a Makefile respecting `CFLAGS`. Note the `+=`:

    CFLAGS+= -Wall -Werror

Here is an example which does not respect `CFLAGS`:

    CFLAGS= -Wall -Werror

`CFLAGS` is defined on FreeBSD systems in /etc/make.conf. The first example appends additional flags to `CFLAGS`, preserving any system-wide definitions. The second example clobbers anything previously defined.

Remove optimization flags from the third party Makefiles. The system `CFLAGS` contains system-wide optimization flags. An example from an unmodified Makefile:

    CFLAGS= -O3 -funroll-loops -DHAVE_SOUND

Using system optimization flags, the Makefile would look similar to this example:

    CFLAGS+= -DHAVE_SOUND

### 13.10. Verbose Build Logs

Make the port build system display all commands executed during the build stage. Complete build logs are crucial to debugging port problems.

Non-informative build log example (bad):

      CC     source1.o
      CC     source2.o
      CCLD   someprogram

Verbose build log example (good):

    cc -O2 -pipe -I/usr/local/include -c -o source1.o source1.c
    cc -O2 -pipe -I/usr/local/include -c -o source2.o source2.c
    cc -o someprogram source1.o source2.o -L/usr/local/lib -lsomelib

Some build systems such as CMake, ninja, and GNU configure are set up for verbose logging by the ports framework. In other cases, ports might need individual tweaks.

### 13.11. Feedback

Do send applicable changes and patches to the upstream maintainer for inclusion in the next release of the code. This makes updating to the next release that much easier.

### 13.12. README.html

README.html is not part of the port, but generated by `make readme`. Do not include this file in patches or commits.

| If `make readme` fails, make sure that the default value of `ECHO_MSG` has not been modified by the port.

### 13.13. Marking a Port Not Installable with `BROKEN`, `FORBIDDEN`, or `IGNORE`

In certain cases, users must be prevented from installing a port. There are several variables that can be used in a port’s Makefile to tell the user that the port cannot be installed. The value of these make variables will be the reason that is shown to users for why the port refuses to install itself. Please use the correct make variable. Each variable conveys radically different meanings, both to users and to automated systems that depend on Makefiles, such as the ports build cluster, FreshPorts, and portsmon.

#### 13.13.1. Variables

- `BROKEN` is reserved for ports that currently do not compile, install, deinstall, or run correctly. Use it for ports where the problem is believed to be temporary.

  If instructed, the build cluster will still attempt to try to build them to see if the underlying problem has been resolved. (However, in general, the cluster is run without this.)

  For instance, use `BROKEN` when a port:

  - does not compile

  - fails its configuration or installation process

  - installs files outside of ${PREFIX}

  - does not remove all its files cleanly upon deinstall (however, it may be acceptable, and desirable, for the port to leave user-modified files behind)

  - has runtime issues on systems where it is supposed to run fine.

- `FORBIDDEN` is used for ports that contain a security vulnerability or induce grave concern regarding the security of a FreeBSD system with a given port installed (for example, a reputably insecure program or a program that provides easily exploitable services). Mark ports as `FORBIDDEN` as soon as a particular piece of software has a vulnerability and there is no released upgrade. Ideally upgrade ports as soon as possible when a security vulnerability is discovered so as to reduce the number of vulnerable FreeBSD hosts (we like being known for being secure), however sometimes there is a noticeable time gap between disclosure of a vulnerability and an updated release of the vulnerable software. Do not mark a port `FORBIDDEN` for any reason other than security.

- `IGNORE` is reserved for ports that must not be built for some other reason. Use it for ports where the problem is believed to be structural. The build cluster will not, under any circumstances, build ports marked as `IGNORE`. For instance, use `IGNORE` when a port:

  - does not work on the installed version of FreeBSD

  - has a distfile which may not be automatically fetched due to licensing restrictions

  - does not work with some other currently installed port (for instance, the port depends on www/apache20 but www/apache22 is installed)

    | If a port would conflict with a currently installed port (for example, if they install a file in the same place that performs a different function), use `CONFLICTS` instead. `CONFLICTS` will set `IGNORE` by itself.

#### 13.13.2. Implementation Notes

Do not quote the values of `BROKEN`, `IGNORE`, and related variables. Due to the way the information is shown to the user, the wording of messages for each variable differ:

    BROKEN=	fails to link with base -lcrypto

    IGNORE=	unsupported on recent versions

resulting in this output from `make describe`:

    ===>  foobar-0.1 is marked as broken: fails to link with base -lcrypto.

    ===>  foobar-0.1 is unsupported on recent versions.

### 13.14. Architectural Considerations

#### 13.14.1. General Notes on Architectures

FreeBSD runs on many more processor architectures than just the well-known x86-based ones. Some ports have constraints which are particular to one or more of these architectures.

For the list of supported architectures, run:

    cd ${SRCDIR}; make targets

The values are shown in the form `TARGET`/`TARGET_ARCH`. The ports read-only makevar `ARCH` is set based on the value of `TARGET_ARCH`. Port Makefiles should test the value of this Makevar.

#### 13.14.2. Marking a Port as Architecture Neutral

Ports that do not have any architecture-dependent files or requirements are identified by setting `NO_ARCH=yes`.

| `NO_ARCH` is meant to indicate that there is no need to build a package for each of the supported architectures. The goal is to reduce the amount of resources spent on building and distributing the packages such as network bandwidth and disk space on mirrors and on distribution media. Currently, however, our package infrastructure (e.g., package managers, mirrors, and package builders) is not set up to fully benefit from `NO_ARCH`.

#### 13.14.3. Marking a Port as Ignored Only On Certain Architectures

- To mark a port as `IGNORE`d only on certain architectures, there are two other convenience variables that will automatically set `IGNORE`: `ONLY_FOR_ARCHS` and `NOT_FOR_ARCHS`. Examples:

      ONLY_FOR_ARCHS=	i386 amd64

      NOT_FOR_ARCHS=	ia64 sparc64

  A custom `IGNORE` message can be set using `ONLY_FOR_ARCHS_REASON` and `NOT_FOR_ARCHS_REASON`. Per architecture entries are possible with `ONLY_FOR_ARCHS_REASON_ARCH` and `NOT_FOR_ARCHS_REASON_ARCH`.

- If a port fetches i386 binaries and installs them, set `IA32_BINARY_PORT`. If this variable is set, /usr/lib32 must be present for IA32 versions of libraries and the kernel must support IA32 compatibility. If one of these two dependencies is not satisfied, `IGNORE` will be set automatically.

#### 13.14.4. Cluster-Specific Considerations

- Some ports attempt to tune themselves to the exact machine they are being built on by specifying `-march=native` to the compiler. This should be avoided: either list it under an off-by-default option, or delete it entirely.

  Otherwise, the default package produced by the build cluster might not run on every single machine of that `ARCH`.

### 13.15. Marking a Port for Removal with `DEPRECATED` or `EXPIRATION_DATE`

Do remember that `BROKEN` and `FORBIDDEN` are to be used as a temporary resort if a port is not working. Permanently broken ports will be removed from the tree entirely.

When it makes sense to do so, users can be warned about a pending port removal with `DEPRECATED` and `EXPIRATION_DATE`. The former is a string stating why the port is scheduled for removal; the latter is a string in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD). Both will be shown to the user.

It is possible to set `DEPRECATED` without an `EXPIRATION_DATE` (for instance, recommending a newer version of the port), but the converse does not make any sense.

There is no set policy on how much notice to give. Current practice seems to be one month for security-related issues and two months for build issues. This also gives any interested committers a little time to fix the problems.

### 13.16. Avoid Use of the `.error` Construct

The correct way for a Makefile to signal that the port cannot be installed due to some external factor (for instance, the user has specified an illegal combination of build options) is to set a non-blank value to `IGNORE`. This value will be formatted and shown to the user by `make install`.

It is a common mistake to use `.error` for this purpose. The problem with this is that many automated tools that work with the ports tree will fail in this situation. The most common occurrence of this is seen when trying to build /usr/ports/INDEX (see Running `make describe`). However, even more trivial commands such as `make maintainer` also fail in this scenario. This is not acceptable.

例 112. How to Avoid Using `.error`

The first of the next two Makefile snippets will cause `make index` to fail, while the second one will not:

    .error "option is not supported"

    IGNORE=option is not supported

### 13.17. Usage of sysctl

The usage of sysctl is discouraged except in targets. This is because the evaluation of any `makevar`s, such as used during `make index`, then has to run the command, further slowing down that process.

Only use sysctl(8) through `SYSCTL`, as it contains the fully qualified path and can be overridden, if one has such a special need.

### 13.18. Rerolling Distfiles

Sometimes the authors of software change the content of released distfiles without changing the file’s name. Verify that the changes are official and have been performed by the author. It has happened in the past that the distfile was silently altered on the download servers with the intent to cause harm or compromise end user security.

Put the old distfile aside, download the new one, unpack them and compare the content with diff(1). If there is nothing suspicious, update distinfo.

| Be sure to summarize the differences in the PR and commit log, so that other people know that nothing bad has happened.

Contact the authors of the software and confirm the changes with them.

### 13.19. Use POSIX Standards

FreeBSD ports generally expect POSIX compliance. Some software and build systems make assumptions based on a particular operating system or environment that can cause problems when used in a port.

Do not use /proc if there are any other ways of getting the information. For example, `setprogname(argv[0])` in `main()` and then getprogname(3) to know the executable name.

Do not rely on behavior that is undocumented by POSIX.

Do not record timestamps in the critical path of the application if it also works without. Getting timestamps may be slow, depending on the accuracy of timestamps in the OS. If timestamps are really needed, determine how precise they have to be and use an API which is documented to just deliver the needed precision.

A number of simple syscalls (for example gettimeofday(2), getpid(2)) are much faster on Linux® than on any other operating system due to caching and the vsyscall performance optimizations. Do not rely on them being cheap in performance-critical applications. In general, try hard to avoid syscalls if possible.

Do not rely on Linux®-specific socket behavior. In particular, default socket buffer sizes are different (call setsockopt(2) with `SO_SNDBUF` and `SO_RCVBUF`, and while Linux®'s send(2) blocks when the socket buffer is full, FreeBSD’s will fail and set `ENOBUFS` in errno.

If relying on non-standard behavior is required, encapsulate it properly into a generic API, do a check for the behavior in the configure stage, and stop if it is missing.

Check the man pages to see if the function used is a POSIX interface (in the "STANDARDS" section of the man page).

Do not assume that /bin/sh is bash. Ensure that a command line passed to system(3) will work with a POSIX compliant shell.

A list of common bashisms is available here.

Check that headers are included in the POSIX or man page recommended way. For example, sys/types.h is often forgotten, which is not as much of a problem for Linux® as it is for FreeBSD.

### 13.20. Miscellanea

Always double-check pkg-descr and pkg-plist. If reviewing a port and a better wording can be achieved, do so.

Do not copy more copies of the GNU General Public License into our system, please.

Please be careful to note any legal issues! Do not let us illegally distribute software!

## Chapter 14. A Sample Makefile

Here is a sample Makefile that can be used to create a new port. Make sure to remove all the extra comments (ones between brackets).

The format shown is the recommended one for ordering variables, empty lines between sections, and so on. This format is designed so that the most important information is easy to locate. We recommend using portlint to check the Makefile.

    [section to describe the port itself and the master site - PORTNAME
     and PORTVERSION or the DISTVERSION* variables are always first,
     followed by CATEGORIES, and then MASTER_SITES, which can be followed
     by MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR.  PKGNAMEPREFIX and PKGNAMESUFFIX, if needed,
     will be after that.  Then comes DISTNAME, EXTRACT_SUFX and/or
     DISTFILES, and then EXTRACT_ONLY, as necessary.]
    PORTNAME=	xdvi
    DISTVERSION=	18.2
    CATEGORIES=	print
    [do not forget the trailing slash ("/")!
     if not using MASTER_SITE_* macros]
    MASTER_SITES=	${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB}
    MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR=	applications
    PKGNAMEPREFIX=	ja-
    DISTNAME=	xdvi-pl18
    [set this if the source is not in the standard ".tar.gz" form]
    EXTRACT_SUFX=	.tar.Z

    [section for distributed patches -- can be empty]
    PATCH_SITES=	ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/X11/japanese/
    PATCHFILES=	xdvi-18.patch1.gz xdvi-18.patch2.gz
    [If the distributed patches were not made relative to ${WRKSRC},
     this may need to be tweaked]
    PATCH_DIST_STRIP=	-p1

    [maintainer; *mandatory*!  This is the person who is volunteering to
     handle port updates, build breakages, and to whom a users can direct
     questions and bug reports.  To keep the quality of the Ports Collection
     as high as possible, we do not accept new ports that are assigned to
     "ports@FreeBSD.org".]
    MAINTAINER=	asami@FreeBSD.org
    COMMENT=	DVI Previewer for the X Window System

    [license -- should not be empty]
    LICENSE=	BSD2CLAUSE
    LICENSE_FILE=	${WRKSRC}/LICENSE

    [dependencies -- can be empty]
    RUN_DEPENDS=	gs:print/ghostscript

    [If it requires GNU make, not /usr/bin/make, to build...]
    USES= gmake
    [If it is an X application and requires "xmkmf -a" to be run...]
    USES= imake

    [this section is for other standard bsd.port.mk variables that do not]
     belong to any of the above]
    [If it asks questions during configure, build, install...]
    IS_INTERACTIVE=	yes
    [If it extracts to a directory other than ${DISTNAME}...]
    WRKSRC=		${WRKDIR}/xdvi-new
    [If it requires a "configure" script generated by GNU autoconf to be run]
    GNU_CONFIGURE=	yes
    [et cetera.]

    [If it requires options, this section is for options]
    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	DOCS EXAMPLES FOO
    OPTIONS_DEFAULT=	FOO
    [If options will change the files in plist]
    OPTIONS_SUB=yes

    FOO_DESC=		Enable foo support

    FOO_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	foo

    [non-standard variables to be used in the rules below]
    MY_FAVORITE_RESPONSE=	"yeah, right"

    [then the special rules, in the order they are called]
    pre-fetch:
    	i go fetch something, yeah

    post-patch:
    	i need to do something after patch, great

    pre-install:
    	and then some more stuff before installing, wow

    [and then the epilogue]

    .include <bsd.port.mk>

## Chapter 15. Order of Variables in Port Makefiles

The first sections of the Makefile must always come in the same order. This standard makes it so everyone can easily read any port without having to search for variables in a random order.

| The sections and variables described here are mandatory in a ordinary port. In a slave port, many sections and variables can be skipped.

| Each following block must be separated from the previous block by a single blank line. In the following blocks, only set the variables that are required by the port. Define these variables in the order they are shown here.

### 15.1. `PORTNAME` Block

This block is the most important. It defines the port name, version, distribution file location, and category. The variables must be in this order:

- `PORTNAME`

- `PORTVERSION`[1]

- `DISTVERSIONPREFIX`

- `DISTVERSION`[1]

- `DISTVERSIONSUFFIX`

- `PORTREVISION`

- `PORTEPOCH`

- `CATEGORIES`

- `MASTER_SITES`

- `MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR` (deprecated)

- `PKGNAMEPREFIX`

- `PKGNAMESUFFIX`

- `DISTNAME`

- `EXTRACT_SUFX`

- `DISTFILES`

- `DIST_SUBDIR`

- `EXTRACT_ONLY`

| Only one of PORTVERSION and DISTVERSION can be used.

### 15.2. `PATCHFILES` Block

This block is optional. The variables are:

- `PATCH_SITES`

- `PATCHFILES`

- `PATCH_DIST_STRIP`

### 15.3. `MAINTAINER` Block

This block is mandatory. The variables are:

- `MAINTAINER`

- `COMMENT`

### 15.4. `LICENSE` Block

This block is optional, although it is highly recommended. The variables are:

- `LICENSE`

- `LICENSE_COMB`

- `LICENSE_GROUPS` or `LICENSE_GROUPS_NAME`

- `LICENSE_NAME` or `LICENSE_NAME_NAME`

- `LICENSE_TEXT` or `LICENSE_TEXT_NAME`

- `LICENSE_FILE` or `LICENSE_FILE_NAME`

- `LICENSE_PERMS` or `LICENSE_PERMS_NAME_`

- `LICENSE_DISTFILES` or `LICENSE_DISTFILES_NAME`

If there are multiple licenses, sort the different LICENSE_VAR_NAME variables by license name.

### 15.5. Generic `BROKEN`/`IGNORE`/`DEPRECATED` Messages

This block is optional. The variables are:

- `DEPRECATED`

- `EXPIRATION_DATE`

- `FORBIDDEN`

- `BROKEN`

- `BROKEN_*`

- `IGNORE`

- `IGNORE_*`

- `ONLY_FOR_ARCHS`

- `ONLY_FOR_ARCHS_REASON*`

- `NOT_FOR_ARCHS`

- `NOT_FOR_ARCHS_REASON*`

| `BROKEN_*` and `IGNORE_*` can be any generic variables, for example, `IGNORE_amd64`, `BROKEN_FreeBSD_10`, etc. With the exception of variables that depend on a `USES`, place those in `USES` and `USE_x`. For instance, `IGNORE_WITH_PHP` only works if `php` is set, and `BROKEN_SSL` only if `ssl` is set. If the port is marked BROKEN when some conditions are met, and such conditions can only be tested after including bsd.port.options.mk or bsd.port.pre.mk, then those variables should be set later, in The Rest of the Variables.

### 15.6. The Dependencies Block

This block is optional. The variables are:

- `FETCH_DEPENDS`

- `EXTRACT_DEPENDS`

- `PATCH_DEPENDS`

- `BUILD_DEPENDS`

- `LIB_DEPENDS`

- `RUN_DEPENDS`

- `TEST_DEPENDS`

### 15.7. Flavors

This block is optional.

Start this section with defining `FLAVORS`. Continue with the possible Flavors helpers. See Using FLAVORS for more Information.

Constructs setting variables not available as helpers using `.if ${FLAVOR:U} == foo` should go in their respective sections below.

### 15.8. `USES` and `USE_x`

Start this section with defining `USES`, and then possible `USE_x`.

Keep related variables close together. For example, if using `USE_GITHUB`, always put the `GH_*` variables right after it.

### 15.9. Standard bsd.port.mk Variables

This section block is for variables that can be defined in bsd.port.mk that do not belong in any of the previous section blocks.

Order is not important, however try to keep similar variables together. For example uid and gid variables `USERS` and `GROUPS`. Configuration variables `CONFIGURE_*` and `*_CONFIGURE`. List of files, and directories `PORTDOCS` and `PORTEXAMPLES`.

### 15.10. Options and Helpers

If the port uses the options framework, define `OPTIONS_DEFINE` and `OPTIONS_DEFAULT` first, then the other `OPTIONS_*` variables first, then the `*_DESC` descriptions, then the options helpers. Try and sort all of those alphabetically.

例 113. Options Variables Order Example

The `FOO` and `BAR` options do not have a standard description, so one need to be written. The other options already have one in Mk/bsd.options.desc.mk so writing one is not needed. The `DOCS` and `EXAMPLES` use target helpers to install their files, they are shown here for completeness, though they belong in The Targets, so other variables and targets could be inserted before them.

    OPTIONS_DEFINE=	DOCS EXAMPLES FOO BAR
    OPTIONS_DEFAULT=	FOO
    OPTIONS_RADIO=	SSL
    OPTIONS_RADIO_SSL=    OPENSSL GNUTLS
    OPTIONS_SUB=	yes

    BAR_DESC=		Enable bar support
    FOO_DESC=		Enable foo support

    BAR_CONFIGURE_WITH=	bar=${LOCALBASE}
    FOO_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	foo
    GNUTLS_CONFIGURE_ON=	--with-ssl=gnutls
    OPENSSL_CONFIGURE_ON=	--with-ssl=openssl

    post-install-DOCS-on:
          ${MKDIR} ${STAGEDIR}${DOCSDIR}
          cd ${WRKSRC}/doc && ${COPYTREE_SHARE} . ${STAGEDIR}${DOCSDIR}

    post-install-EXAMPLES-on:
          ${MKDIR} ${STAGEDIR}${EXAMPLESDIR}
          cd ${WRKSRC}/ex && ${COPYTREE_SHARE} . ${STAGEDIR}${EXAMPLESDIR}

### 15.11. The Rest of the Variables

And then, the rest of the variables that are not mentioned in the previous blocks.

### 15.12. The Targets

After all the variables are defined, the optional make(1) targets can be defined. Keep `pre-` before `post-` and in the same order as the different stages run:

- `fetch`

- `extract`

- `patch`

- `configure`

- `build`

- `install`

- `test`

| When using options helpers target keep them alphabetically sorted, but keep the `-on` before the ```-off`. When also using the main target, keep the main target before the optional ones:
    post-install:
    	# install generic bits

    post-install-DOCS-on:
    	# Install documentation

    post-install-X11-on:
    	# Install X11 related bits

    post-install-X11-off:
    	# Install bits that should be there if X11 is disabled

## Chapter 16. Keeping Up

The FreeBSD Ports Collection is constantly changing. Here is some information on how to keep up.

### 16.1. FreshPorts

One of the easiest ways to learn about updates that have already been committed is by subscribing to FreshPorts. Multiple ports can be monitored. Maintainers are strongly encouraged to subscribe, because they will receive notification of not only their own changes, but also any changes that any other FreeBSD committer has made. (These are often necessary to keep up with changes in the underlying ports framework-although it would be most polite to receive an advance heads-up from those committing such changes, sometimes this is overlooked or impractical. Also, in some cases, the changes are very minor in nature. We expect everyone to use their best judgement in these cases.)

To use FreshPorts, an account is required. Those with registered email addresses at `@FreeBSD.org` will see the opt-in link on the right-hand side of the web pages. Those who already have a FreshPorts account but are not using a `@FreeBSD.org` email address can change the email to `@FreeBSD.org`, subscribe, then change it back again.

FreshPorts also has a sanity test feature which automatically tests each commit to the FreeBSD ports tree. If subscribed to this service, a committer will receive notifications of any errors which FreshPorts detects during sanity testing of their commits.

### 16.2. The Web Interface to the Source Repository

It is possible to browse the files in the source repository by using a web interface. Changes that affect the entire port system are now documented in the CHANGES file. Changes that affect individual ports are now documented in the UPDATING file. However, the definitive answer to any question is undoubtedly to read the source code of bsd.port.mk, and associated files.

### 16.3. The FreeBSD Ports Mailing List

As a ports maintainer, consider subscribing to FreeBSD ports 郵遞論壇. Important changes to the way ports work will be announced there, and then committed to CHANGES.

If the volume of messages on this mailing list is too high, consider following FreeBSD ports announce mailing list which contains only announcements.

### 16.4. The FreeBSD Port Building Cluster

One of the least-publicized strengths of FreeBSD is that an entire cluster of machines is dedicated to continually building the Ports Collection, for each of the major OS releases and for each Tier-1 architecture.

Individual ports are built unless they are specifically marked with `IGNORE`. Ports that are marked with `BROKEN` will still be attempted, to see if the underlying problem has been resolved. (This is done by passing `TRYBROKEN` to the port’s Makefile.)

### 16.5. Portscout: the FreeBSD Ports Distfile Scanner

The build cluster is dedicated to building the latest release of each port with distfiles that have already been fetched. However, as the Internet continually changes, distfiles can quickly go missing. Portscout, the FreeBSD Ports distfile scanner, attempts to query every download site for every port to find out if each distfile is still available. Portscout can generate HTML reports and send emails about newly available ports to those who request them. Unless not otherwise subscribed, maintainers are asked to check periodically for changes, either by hand or using the RSS feed.

Portscout’s first page gives the email address of the port maintainer, the number of ports the maintainer is responsible for, the number of those ports with new distfiles, and the percentage of those ports that are out-of-date. The search function allows for searching by email address for a specific maintainer, and for selecting whether only out-of-date ports are shown.

Upon clicking on a maintainer’s email address, a list of all of their ports is displayed, along with port category, current version number, whether or not there is a new version, when the port was last updated, and finally when it was last checked. A search function on this page allows the user to search for a specific port.

Clicking on a port name in the list displays the FreshPorts port information.

Additional documentation is available in the Portscout repository.

### 16.6. The FreeBSD Ports Monitoring System

Another handy resource is the FreeBSD Ports Monitoring System (also known as `portsmon`). This system comprises a database that processes information from several sources and allows it to be browsed via a web interface. Currently, the ports Problem Reports (PRs), the error logs from the build cluster, and individual files from the ports collection are used. In the future, this will be expanded to include the distfile survey, as well as other sources.

To get started, use the Overview of One Port search page to find all the information about a port.

This is the only resource available that maps PR entries to portnames. PR submitters do not always include the portname in their Synopsis, although we would prefer that they did. So, `portsmon` is a good place to find out whether an existing port has any PRs filed against it, any build errors, or if a new port the porter is considering creating has already been submitted.

| The FreeBSD Ports Monitoring System (portsmon) is currently not working due to latest Python updates.

## Chapter 17. Using `USES` Macros

### 17.1. An Introduction to `USES`

`USES` macros make it easy to declare requirements and settings for a port. They can add dependencies, change building behavior, add metadata to packages, and so on, all by selecting simple, preset values.

Each section in this chapter describes a possible value for `USES`, along with its possible arguments. Arguments are appended to the value after a colon (`:`). Multiple arguments are separated by commas (`,`).

例 114. Using Multiple Values

    USES=	bison perl

例 115. Adding an Argument

    USES=	tar:xz

例 116. Adding Multiple Arguments

    USES=	drupal:7,theme

例 117. Mixing it All Together

    USES=	pgsql:9.3+ cpe python:2.7,build

### 17.2. `7z`

Possible arguments: (none), `p7zip`, `partial`

Extract using 7z(1) instead of bsdtar(1) and sets `EXTRACT_SUFX=.7z`. The `p7zip` option forces a dependency on the `7z` from archivers/p7zip if the one from the base system is not able to extract the files. `EXTRACT_SUFX` is not changed if the `partial` option is used, this can be used if the main distribution file does not have a .7z extension.

### 17.3. `ada`

Possible arguments: (none), `5`, `6`

Depends on an Ada-capable compiler, and sets `CC` accordingly. Defaults to use gcc 5 from ports. Use the `:_X_` version option to force building with a different version.

### 17.4. `autoreconf`

Possible arguments: (none), `build`

Runs `autoreconf`. It encapsulates the `aclocal`, `autoconf`, `autoheader`, `automake`, `autopoint`, and `libtoolize` commands. Each command applies to ${AUTORECONF_WRKSRC}/configure.ac or its old name, ${AUTORECONF_WRKSRC}/configure.in. If configure.ac defines subdirectories with their own configure.ac using `AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS`, `autoreconf` will recursively update those as well. The `:build` argument only adds build time dependencies on those tools but does not run `autoreconf`. A port can set `AUTORECONF_WRKSRC` if `WRKSRC` does not contain the path to configure.ac.

### 17.5. `blaslapack`

Possible arguments: (none), `atlas`, `netlib` (default), `gotoblas`, `openblas`

Adds dependencies on Blas / Lapack libraries.

### 17.6. `bdb`

Possible arguments: (none), `48`, `5` (default), `6`

Add dependency on the Berkeley DB library. Default to databases/db5. It can also depend on databases/db48 when using the `:48` argument or databases/db6 with `:6`. It is possible to declare a range of acceptable values, `:48+` finds the highest installed version, and falls back to 4.8 if nothing else is installed. `INVALID_BDB_VER` can be used to specify versions which do not work with this port. The framework exposes the following variables to the port:

`BDB_LIB_NAME`

  The name of the Berkeley DB library. For example, when using databases/db5, it contains `db-5.3`.

`BDB_LIB_CXX_NAME`

  The name of the Berkeley DBC++ library. For example, when using databases/db5, it contains `db_cxx-5.3`.

`BDB_INCLUDE_DIR`

  The location of the Berkeley DB include directory. For example, when using databases/db5, it will contain `${LOCALBASE}/include/db5`.

`BDB_LIB_DIR`

  The location of the Berkeley DB library directory. For example, when using databases/db5, it contains `${LOCALBASE}/lib`.

`BDB_VER`

  The detected Berkeley DB version. For example, if using `USES=bdb:48+` and Berkeley DB 5 is installed, it contains `5`.

| databases/db48 is deprecated and unsupported. It must not be used by any port.

### 17.7. `bison`

Possible arguments: (none), `build`, `run`, `both`

Uses devel/bison By default, with no arguments or with the `build` argument, it implies `bison` is a build-time dependency, `run` implies a run-time dependency, and `both` implies both run-time and build-time dependencies.

### 17.8. `cabal`

| Ports should not be created for Haskell libraries, see Haskell Libraries for more information.

Possible arguments: (none), `hpack`

Sets default values and targets used to build Haskell software using Cabal. A build dependency on the Haskell compiler port (GHC) is added. If `hpack` argument is given, a build dependency on devel/hs-hpack is added and `hpack` is invoked at configuration step to generate. cabal file.

The framework provides the following variables:

`USE_CABAL`

  If the software uses Haskell dependencies, list them in this variable. Each item should be present on Hackage and be listed in form `packagename-0.1.2`. Dependencies can have revisions, which are specified after the `_` symbol. Automatic generation of dependency list is supported, see Building Haskell Applications with `cabal`.

`CABAL_FLAGS`

  List of flags to be passed to `cabal-install` during the configuring and building stage. The flags are passed verbatim.

`EXECUTABLES`

  List of executable files installed by the port. Default value: `${PORTNAME}`. Items from this list are automatically added to pkg-plist.

`SKIP_CABAL_PLIST`

  If defined, do not add items from `${EXECUTABLES}` to pkg-plist.

`opt_USE_CABAL`

  Adds items to `${USE_CABAL}` depending on `opt` option.

`opt_EXECUTABLES`

  Adds items to `${EXECUTABLES}` depending on `opt` option.

`opt_CABAL_FLAGS`

  If `opt` is enabled, append the value to `${CABAL_FLAGS}`. Otherwise, append `-value` to disable the flag.

`FOO_DATADIR_VARS`

  For an executable named `FOO` list Haskell packages, whose data files should be accessible by the executable.

### 17.9. `cargo`

Possible arguments: (none)

Uses Cargo for configuring, building, and testing. It can be used to port Rust applications that use the Cargo build system. For more information see Building Rust Applications with `cargo`.

### 17.10. `charsetfix`

Possible arguments: (none)

Prevents the port from installing charset.alias. This must be installed only by converters/libiconv. `CHARSETFIX_MAKEFILEIN` can be set to a path relative to `WRKSRC` if charset.alias is not installed by ${WRKSRC}/Makefile.in.

### 17.11. `cmake`

Possible arguments: (none), `insource`, `noninja`, `run`, `testing`

Use CMake for configuring the port and generating a build system.

By default an out-of-source build is performed, leaving the sources in `WRKSRC` free from build artifacts. With the `insource` argument, an in-source build will be performed instead. This argument should be an exception, used only when a regular out-of-source build does not work.

By default Ninja (devel/ninja) is used for the build. In some cases this does not work correctly. With the `noninja` argument, the build will use regular `make` for builds. This argument should only be used if a Ninja-based build does not work.

With the `run` argument, a run dependency is registered in addition to a build dependency.

With the `testing` argument, a test-target is added that uses CTest. When running tests the port will be re-configured for testing and re-built.

For more information see Using `cmake`.

### 17.12. `compiler`

Possible arguments: (none), `env` (default, implicit), `{c-plus-plus}17-lang`, `{c-plus-plus}14-lang`, `{c-plus-plus}11-lang`, `gcc-{c-plus-plus}11-lib`, `{c-plus-plus}11-lib`, `{c-plus-plus}0x`, `c11`, `nestedfct`, `features`

Determines which compiler to use based on any given wishes. Use `{c-plus-plus}17-lang` if the port needs a {c-plus-plus}17-capable compiler, `{c-plus-plus}14-lang` if the port needs a {c-plus-plus}14-capable compiler, `{c-plus-plus}11-lang` if the port needs a {c-plus-plus}11-capable compiler, `gcc-{c-plus-plus}11-lib` if the port needs the `g++` compiler with a {c-plus-plus}11 library, or `{c-plus-plus}11-lib` if the port needs a {c-plus-plus}11-ready standard library. If the port needs a compiler understanding {c-plus-plus}0X, C11 or nested functions, the corresponding parameters should be used.

Use `features` to request a list of features supported by the default compiler. After including bsd.port.pre.mk the port can inspect the results using these variables:

- `COMPILER_TYPE`: the default compiler on the system, either gcc or clang

- `ALT_COMPILER_TYPE`: the alternative compiler on the system, either gcc or clang. Only set if two compilers are present in the base system.

- `COMPILER_VERSION`: the first two digits of the version of the default compiler.

- `ALT_COMPILER_VERSION`: the first two digits of the version of the alternative compiler, if present.

- `CHOSEN_COMPILER_TYPE`: the chosen compiler, either gcc or clang

- `COMPILER_FEATURES`: the features supported by the default compiler. It currently lists the {c-plus-plus} library.

### 17.13. `cpe`

Possible arguments: (none)

Include Common Platform Enumeration (CPE) information in package manifest as a CPE 2.3 formatted string. See the CPE specification for details. To add CPE information to a port, follow these steps:

1. Search for the official CPE entry for the software product either by using the NVD’s CPE search engine or in the official CPE dictionary (warning, very large XML file). Do not ever make up CPE data.

2. Add `cpe` to `USES` and compare the result of `make -V CPE_STR` to the CPE dictionary entry. Continue one step at a time until `make -V CPE_STR` is correct.

3. If the product name (second field, defaults to `PORTNAME`) is incorrect, define `CPE_PRODUCT`.

4. If the vendor name (first field, defaults to `CPE_PRODUCT`) is incorrect, define `CPE_VENDOR`.

5. If the version field (third field, defaults to `PORTVERSION`) is incorrect, define `CPE_VERSION`.

6. If the update field (fourth field, defaults to empty) is incorrect, define `CPE_UPDATE`.

7. If it is still not correct, check Mk/Uses/cpe.mk for additional details, or contact the Ports Security Team <ports-secteam@FreeBSD.org>.

8. Derive as much as possible of the CPE name from existing variables such as `PORTNAME` and `PORTVERSION`. Use variable modifiers to extract the relevant portions from these variables rather than hardcoding the name.

9. Always run `make -V CPE_STR` and check the output before committing anything that changes `PORTNAME` or `PORTVERSION` or any other variable which is used to derive `CPE_STR`.

### 17.14. `cran`

Possible arguments: (none), `auto-plist`, `compiles`

Uses the Comprehensive R Archive Network. Specify `auto-plist` to automatically generate pkg-plist. Specify `compiles` if the port has code that need to be compiled.

### 17.15. `desktop-file-utils`

Possible arguments: (none)

Uses update-desktop-database from devel/desktop-file-utils. An extra post-install step will be run without interfering with any post-install steps already in the port Makefile. A line with `@desktop-file-utils` will be added to the plist.

### 17.16. `desthack`

Possible arguments: (none)

Changes the behavior of GNU configure to properly support `DESTDIR` in case the original software does not.

### 17.17. `display`

Possible arguments: (none), ARGS

Set up a virtual display environment. If the environment variable `DISPLAY` is not set, then Xvfb is added as a build dependency, and `CONFIGURE_ENV` is extended with the port number of the currently running instance of Xvfb. The ARGS parameter defaults to `install` and controls the phase around which to start and stop the virtual display.

### 17.18. `dos2unix`

Possible arguments: (none)

The port has files with line endings in DOS format which need to be converted. Several variables can be set to control which files will be converted. The default is to convert all files, including binaries. See Simple Automatic Replacements for examples.

- `DOS2UNIX_REGEX`: match file names based on a regular expression.

- `DOS2UNIX_FILES`: match literal file names.

- `DOS2UNIX_GLOB`: match file names based on a glob pattern.

- `DOS2UNIX_WRKSRC`: the directory from which to start the conversions. Defaults to `${WRKSRC}`.

### 17.19. `drupal`

Possible arguments: `7`, `module`, `theme`

Automate installation of a port that is a Drupal theme or module. Use with the version of Drupal that the port is expecting. For example, `USES=drupal:7,module` says that this port creates a Drupal 6 module. A Drupal 7 theme can be specified with `USES=drupal:7,theme`.

### 17.20. `eigen`

Possible arguments: 2, 3, build (default), run

Add dependency on math/eigen.

### 17.21. `fakeroot`

Possible arguments: (none)

Changes some default behavior of build systems to allow installing as a user. See https://wiki.debian.org/FakeRoot for more information on `fakeroot`.

### 17.22. `fam`

Possible arguments: (none), `fam`, `gamin`

Uses a File Alteration Monitor as a library dependency, either devel/fam or devel/gamin. End users can set WITH_FAM_SYSTEM to specify their preference.

### 17.23. `firebird`

Possible arguments: (none), `25`

Add a dependency to the client library of the Firebird database.

### 17.24. `fonts`

Possible arguments: (none), `fc`, `fcfontsdir` (default), `fontsdir`, `none`

Adds a runtime dependency on tools needed to register fonts. Depending on the argument, add a `@fc ${FONTSDIR}` line, `@fcfontsdir ${FONTSDIR}` line, `@fontsdir ${FONTSDIR}` line, or no line if the argument is `none`, to the plist. `FONTSDIR` defaults to ${PREFIX}/share/fonts/${FONTNAME} and `FONTNAME` to `${PORTNAME}`. Add `FONTSDIR` to `PLIST_SUB` and `SUB_LIST`

### 17.25. `fortran`

Possible arguments: `gcc` (default)

Uses the GNU Fortran compiler.

### 17.26. `fuse`

Possible arguments: `2` (default), `3`

The port will depend on the FUSE library and handle the dependency on the kernel module depending on the version of FreeBSD.

### 17.27. `gem`

Possible arguments: (none), `noautoplist`

Handle building with RubyGems. If `noautoplist` is used, the packing list is not generated automatically.

### 17.28. `gettext`

Possible arguments: (none)

Deprecated. Will include both `gettext-runtime` and `gettext-tools`.

### 17.29. `gettext-runtime`

Possible arguments: (none), `lib` (default), `build`, `run`

Uses devel/gettext-runtime. By default, with no arguments or with the `lib` argument, implies a library dependency on libintl.so. `build` and `run` implies, respectively a build-time and a run-time dependency on gettext.

### 17.30. `gettext-tools`

Possible arguments: (none), `build` (default), `run`

Uses devel/gettext-tools. By default, with no argument, or with the `build` argument, a build time dependency on msgfmt is registered. With the `run` argument, a run-time dependency is registered.

### 17.31. `ghostscript`

Possible arguments: X, `build`, `run`, `nox11`

A specific version X can be used. Possible versions are `7`, `8`, `9`, and `agpl` (default). `nox11` indicates that the `-nox11` version of the port is required. `build` and `run` add build- and run-time dependencies on Ghostscript. The default is both build- and run-time dependencies.

### 17.32. `gl`

Possible arguments: (none)

Provides an easy way to depend on GL components. The components should be listed in `USE_GL`. The available components are:

`egl`

  add a library dependency on libEGL.so from graphics/libglvnd

`gbm`

  Add a library dependency on libgbm.so from graphics/mesa-libs

`gl`

  Add a library dependency on libGL.so from graphics/libglvnd

`glesv2`

  Add a library dependency on libGLESv2.so from graphics/libglvnd

`glew`

  Add a library dependency on libGLEW.so from graphics/glew

`glu`

  Add a library dependency on libGLU.so from graphics/libGLU

`glut`

  Add a library dependency on libglut.so from graphics/freeglut

`opengl`

  Add a library dependency on libOpenGL.so from graphics/libglvnd

### 17.33. `gmake`

Possible arguments: (none)

Uses devel/gmake as a build-time dependency and sets up the environment to use `gmake` as the default `make` for the build.

### 17.34. `gnome`

Possible arguments: (none)

Provides an easy way to depend on GNOME components. The components should be listed in `USE_GNOME`. The available components are:

- `atk`

- `atkmm`

- `cairo`

- `cairomm`

- `dconf`

- `esound`

- `evolutiondataserver3`

- `gconf2`

- `gconfmm26`

- `gdkpixbuf`

- `gdkpixbuf2`

- `glib12`

- `glib20`

- `glibmm`

- `gnomecontrolcenter3`

- `gnomedesktop3`

- `gnomedocutils`

- `gnomemenus3`

- `gnomemimedata`

- `gnomeprefix`

- `gnomesharp20`

- `gnomevfs2`

- `gsound`

- `gtk-update-icon-cache`

- `gtk12`

- `gtk20`

- `gtk30`

- `gtkhtml3`

- `gtkhtml4`

- `gtkmm20`

- `gtkmm24`

- `gtkmm30`

- `gtksharp20`

- `gtksourceview`

- `gtksourceview2`

- `gtksourceview3`

- `gtksourceviewmm3`

- `gvfs`

- `intlhack`

- `intltool`

- `introspection`

- `libartlgpl2`

- `libbonobo`

- `libbonoboui`

- `libgda5`

- `libgda5-ui`

- `libgdamm5`

- `libglade2`

- `libgnome`

- `libgnomecanvas`

- `libgnomekbd`

- `libgnomeprint`

- `libgnomeprintui`

- `libgnomeui`

- `libgsf`

- `libgtkhtml`

- `libgtksourceviewmm`

- `libidl`

- `librsvg2`

- `libsigc++12`

- `libsigc++20`

- `libwnck`

- `libwnck3`

- `libxml++26`

- `libxml2`

- `libxslt`

- `metacity`

- `nautilus3`

- `orbit2`

- `pango`

- `pangomm`

- `pangox-compat`

- `py3gobject3`

- `pygnome2`

- `pygobject`

- `pygobject3`

- `pygtk2`

- `pygtksourceview`

- `referencehack`

- `vte`

- `vte3`

The default dependency is build- and run-time, it can be changed with `:build` or `:run`. For example:

    USES=		gnome
    USE_GNOME=	gnomemenus3:build intlhack

See Using GNOME for more information.

### 17.35. `go`

| Ports should not be created for Go libs, see Go Libraries for more information.

Possible arguments: (none), `modules`, `no_targets`, `run`

Sets default values and targets used to build Go software. A build dependency on the Go compiler port selected via `GO_PORT` is added. By default the build is performed in GOPATH mode. If Go software uses modules, the modules-aware mode can be switched on with `modules` argument. `no_targets` will setup build environment like `GO_ENV`, `GO_BUILDFLAGS` but skip creating `post-extract` and `do-{build,install,test}` targets. `run` will also add a run dependency on what is in `GO_PORT`.

The build process is controlled by several variables:

`GO_MODULE`

  The name of the application module as specified by the `module` directive in `go.mod`. In most cases, this is the only required variable for ports that use Go modules.

`GO_PKGNAME`

  The name of the Go package when building in GOPATH mode. This is the directory that will be created in `${GOPATH}/src`. If not set explicitly and `GH_SUBDIR` or `GL_SUBDIR` is present, `GO_PKGNAME` will be inferred from it. It is not needed when building in modules-aware mode.

`GO_TARGET`

  The packages to build. The default value is `${GO_PKGNAME}`. `GO_TARGET` can also be a tuple in the form `package:path` where path can be either a simple filename or a full path starting with `${PREFIX}`.

`GO_TESTTARGET`

  The packages to test. The default value is `./…​` (the current package and all subpackages).

`CGO_CFLAGS`

  Additional `CFLAGS` values to be passed to the C compiler by `go`.

`CGO_LDFLAGS`

  Additional `LDFLAGS` values to be passed to the C compiler by `go`.

`GO_BUILDFLAGS`

  Additional build arguments to be passed to `go build`.

`GO_TESTFLAGS`

  Additional build arguments to be passed to `go test`.

`GO_PORT`

  The Go compiler port to use. By default this is lang/go but can be set to lang/go-devel in `make.conf` for testing with future Go versions.

  | This variable must not be set by individual ports!

See Building Go Applications for usage examples.

### 17.36. `gperf`

Possible arguments: (none)

Add a buildtime dependency on devel/gperf if `gperf` is not present in the base system.

### 17.37. `grantlee`

Possible arguments: `5`, `selfbuild`

Handle dependency on Grantlee. Specify `5` to depend on the Qt5 based version, devel/grantlee5. `selfbuild` is used internally by devel/grantlee5 to get their versions numbers.

### 17.38. `groff`

Possible arguments: `build`, `run`, `both`

Registers a dependency on textproc/groff if not present in the base system.

### 17.39. `gssapi`

Possible arguments: (none), `base` (default), `heimdal`, `mit`, `flags`, `bootstrap`

Handle dependencies needed by consumers of the GSS-API. Only libraries that provide the Kerberos mechanism are available. By default, or set to `base`, the GSS-API library from the base system is used. Can also be set to `heimdal` to use security/heimdal, or `mit` to use security/krb5.

When the local Kerberos installation is not in `LOCALBASE`, set `HEIMDAL_HOME` (for `heimdal`) or `KRB5_HOME` (for `krb5`) to the location of the Kerberos installation.

These variables are exported for the ports to use:

- `GSSAPIBASEDIR`

- `GSSAPICPPFLAGS`

- `GSSAPIINCDIR`

- `GSSAPILDFLAGS`

- `GSSAPILIBDIR`

- `GSSAPILIBS`

- `GSSAPI_CONFIGURE_ARGS`

The `flags` option can be given alongside `base`, `heimdal`, or `mit` to automatically add `GSSAPICPPFLAGS`, `GSSAPILDFLAGS`, and `GSSAPILIBS` to `CFLAGS`, `LDFLAGS`, and `LDADD`, respectively. For example, use `base,flags`.

The `bootstrap` option is a special prefix only for use by security/krb5 and security/heimdal. For example, use `bootstrap,mit`.

例 118. Typical Use

    OPTIONS_SINGLE=	GSSAPI
    OPTIONS_SINGLE_GSSAPI=	GSSAPI_BASE GSSAPI_HEIMDAL GSSAPI_MIT GSSAPI_NONE

    GSSAPI_BASE_USES=	gssapi
    GSSAPI_BASE_CONFIGURE_ON=	--with-gssapi=${GSSAPIBASEDIR} ${GSSAPI_CONFIGURE_ARGS}
    GSSAPI_HEIMDAL_USES=	gssapi:heimdal
    GSSAPI_HEIMDAL_CONFIGURE_ON=	--with-gssapi=${GSSAPIBASEDIR} ${GSSAPI_CONFIGURE_ARGS}
    GSSAPI_MIT_USES=	gssapi:mit
    GSSAPI_MIT_CONFIGURE_ON=	--with-gssapi=${GSSAPIBASEDIR} ${GSSAPI_CONFIGURE_ARGS}
    GSSAPI_NONE_CONFIGURE_ON=	--without-gssapi

### 17.40. `horde`

Possible arguments: (none)

Add buildtime and runtime dependencies on devel/pear-channel-horde. Other Horde dependencies can be added with `USE_HORDE_BUILD` and `USE_HORDE_RUN`. See Horde Modules for more information.

### 17.41. `iconv`

Possible arguments: (none), `lib`, `build`, `patch`, `translit`, `wchar_t`

Uses `iconv` functions, either from the port converters/libiconv as a build-time and run-time dependency, or from the base system. By default, with no arguments or with the `lib` argument, implies `iconv` with build-time and run-time dependencies. `build` implies a build-time dependency, and `patch` implies a patch-time dependency. If the port uses the `WCHAR_T` or `//TRANSLIT` iconv extensions, add the relevant arguments so that the correct iconv is used. For more information see Using `iconv`.

### 17.42. `imake`

Possible arguments: (none), `env`, `notall`, `noman`

Add devel/imake as a build-time dependency and run `xmkmf -a` during the `configure` stage. If the `env` argument is given, the `configure` target is not set. If the `-a` flag is a problem for the port, add the `notall` argument. If `xmkmf` does not generate a `install.man` target, add the `noman` argument.

### 17.43. `kde`

Possible arguments: `5`

Add dependency on KDE components. See Using KDE for more information.

### 17.44. `kmod`

Possible arguments: (none), `debug`

Fills in the boilerplate for kernel module ports, currently:

- Add `kld` to `CATEGORIES`.

- Set `SSP_UNSAFE`.

- Set `IGNORE` if the kernel sources are not found in `SRC_BASE`.

- Define `KMODDIR` to /boot/modules by default, add it to `PLIST_SUB` and `MAKE_ENV`, and create it upon installation. If `KMODDIR` is set to /boot/kernel, it will be rewritten to /boot/modules. This prevents breaking packages when upgrading the kernel due to /boot/kernel being renamed to /boot/kernel.old in the process.

- Handle cross-referencing kernel modules upon installation and deinstallation, using `@kld`.

- If the `debug` argument is given, the port can install a debug version of the module into KERN_DEBUGDIR/KMODDIR. By default, `KERN_DEBUGDIR` is copied from `DEBUGDIR` and set to /usr/lib/debug. The framework will take care of creating and removing any required directories.

### 17.45. `lha`

Possible arguments: (none)

Set `EXTRACT_SUFX` to `.lzh`

### 17.46. `libarchive`

Possible arguments: (none)

Registers a dependency on archivers/libarchive. Any ports depending on libarchive must include `USES=libarchive`.

### 17.47. `libedit`

Possible arguments: (none)

Registers a dependency on devel/libedit. Any ports depending on libedit must include `USES=libedit`.

### 17.48. `libtool`

Possible arguments: (none), `keepla`, `build`

Patches `libtool` scripts. This must be added to all ports that use `libtool`. The `keepla` argument can be used to keep .la files. Some ports do not ship with their own copy of libtool and need a build time dependency on devel/libtool, use the `:build` argument to add such dependency.

### 17.49. `linux`

Possible arguments: `c6`, `c7`

Ports Linux compatibility framework. Specify `c6` to depend on CentOS 6 packags. Specify `c7` to depend on CentOS 7 packages. The available packages are:

- `allegro`

- `alsa-plugins-oss`

- `alsa-plugins-pulseaudio`

- `alsalib`

- `atk`

- `avahi-libs`

- `base`

- `cairo`

- `cups-libs`

- `curl`

- `cyrus-sasl2`

- `dbusglib`

- `dbuslibs`

- `devtools`

- `dri`

- `expat`

- `flac`

- `fontconfig`

- `gdkpixbuf2`

- `gnutls`

- `graphite2`

- `gtk2`

- `harfbuzz`

- `jasper`

- `jbigkit`

- `jpeg`

- `libasyncns`

- `libaudiofile`

- `libelf`

- `libgcrypt`

- `libgfortran`

- `libgpg-error`

- `libmng`

- `libogg`

- `libpciaccess`

- `libsndfile`

- `libsoup`

- `libssh2`

- `libtasn1`

- `libthai`

- `libtheora`

- `libv4l`

- `libvorbis`

- `libxml2`

- `mikmod`

- `naslibs`

- `ncurses-base`

- `nspr`

- `nss`

- `openal`

- `openal-soft`

- `openldap`

- `openmotif`

- `openssl`

- `pango`

- `pixman`

- `png`

- `pulseaudio-libs`

- `qt`

- `qt-x11`

- `qtwebkit`

- `scimlibs`

- `sdl12`

- `sdlimage`

- `sdlmixer`

- `sqlite3`

- `tcl85`

- `tcp_wrappers-libs`

- `tiff`

- `tk85`

- `ucl`

- `xorglibs`

### 17.50. `localbase`

Possible arguments: (none), `ldflags`

Ensures that libraries from dependencies in `LOCALBASE` are used instead of the ones from the base system. Specify `ldflags` to add `-L${LOCALBASE}/lib` to `LDFLAGS` instead of `LIBS`. Ports that depend on libraries that are also present in the base system should use this. It is also used internally by a few other `USES`.

### 17.51. `lua`

Possible arguments: (none), `XY`, `XY+`, `-XY`, `XY-ZA`, `module`, `flavors`, `build`, `run`, `env`

Adds a dependency on Lua. By default this is a library dependency, unless overridden by the `build` and/or `run` option. The `env` option prevents the addition of any dependency, while still defining all the usual variables.

The default version is set by the usual `DEFAULT_VERSIONS` mechanism, unless a version or range of versions is specified as an argument, for example, `51` or `51-53`.

Applications using Lua are normally built for only a single Lua version. However, library modules intended to be loaded by Lua code should use the `module` option to build with multiple flavors.

For more information see Using Lua.

### 17.52. `lxqt`

Possible arguments: (none)

Handle dependencies for the LXQt Desktop Environment. Use `USE_LXQT` to select the components needed for the port. See Using LXQt for more information.

### 17.53. `makeinfo`

Possible arguments: (none)

Add a build-time dependency on `makeinfo` if it is not present in the base system.

### 17.54. `makeself`

Possible arguments: (none)

Indicates that the distribution files are makeself archives and sets the appropriate dependencies.

### 17.55. `mate`

Possible arguments: (none)

Provides an easy way to depend on MATE components. The components should be listed in `USE_MATE`. The available components are:

- `autogen`

- `caja`

- `common`

- `controlcenter`

- `desktop`

- `dialogs`

- `docutils`

- `icontheme`

- `intlhack`

- `intltool`

- `libmatekbd`

- `libmateweather`

- `marco`

- `menus`

- `notificationdaemon`

- `panel`

- `pluma`

- `polkit`

- `session`

- `settingsdaemon`

The default dependency is build- and run-time, it can be changed with `:build` or `:run`. For example:

    USES=		mate
    USE_MATE=	menus:build intlhack

### 17.56. `meson`

Possible arguments: (none)

Provide support for Meson based projects. For more information see Using `meson`.

### 17.57. `metaport`

Possible arguments: (none)

Sets the following variables to make it easier to create a metaport: `MASTER_SITES`, `DISTFILES`, `EXTRACT_ONLY`, `NO_BUILD`, `NO_INSTALL`, `NO_MTREE`, `NO_ARCH`.

### 17.58. `mysql`

Possible arguments: (none), `version`, `client` (default), `server`, `embedded`

Provide support for MySQL If no version is given, try to find the current installed version. Fall back to the default version, MySQL-5.6. The possible versions are `55`, `55m`, `55p`, `56`, `56p`, `56w`, `57`, `57p`, `80`, `100m`, `101m`, and `102m`. The `m` and `p` suffixes are for the MariaDB and Percona variants of MySQL. `server` and `embedded` add a build- and run-time dependency on the MySQL server. When using `server` or `embedded`, add `client` to also add a dependency on libmysqlclient.so. A port can set `IGNORE_WITH_MYSQL` if some versions are not supported.

The framework sets `MYSQL_VER` to the detected MySQL version.

### 17.59. `mono`

Possible arguments: (none), `nuget`

Adds a dependency on the Mono (currently only C#) framework by setting the appropriate dependencies.

Specify `nuget` when the port uses nuget packages. `NUGET_DEPENDS` needs to be set with the names and versions of the nuget packages in the format `name=version`. An optional package origin can be added using `name=version:_origin_`.

The helper target, `buildnuget`, will output the content of the `NUGET_DEPENDS` based on the provided packages.config.

### 17.60. `motif`

Possible arguments: (none)

Uses x11-toolkits/open-motif as a library dependency. End users can set `WANT_LESSTIF` for the dependency to be on x11-toolkits/lesstif instead of x11-toolkits/open-motif.

### 17.61. `ncurses`

Possible arguments: (none), `base`, `port`

Uses ncurses, and causes some useful variables to be set.

### 17.62. `ninja`

Possible arguments: (none)

Uses ninja to build the port.

### 17.63. `objc`

Possible arguments: (none)

Add objective C dependencies (compiler, runtime library) if the base system does not support it.

### 17.64. `openal`

Possible arguments: `al`, `soft` (default), `si`, `alut`

Uses OpenAL. The backend can be specified, with the software implementation as the default. The user can specify a preferred backend with `WANT_OPENAL`. Valid values for this knob are `soft` (default) and `si`.

### 17.65. `pathfix`

Possible arguments: (none)

Look for Makefile.in and configure in `PATHFIX_WRKSRC` (defaults to `WRKSRC`) and fix common paths to make sure they respect the FreeBSD hierarchy. For example, it fixes the installation directory of `pkgconfig’s .pc files to ${PREFIX}/libdata/pkgconfig. If the port uses `USES=autoreconf`, Makefile.am will be added to `PATHFIX_MAKEFILEIN` automatically.

If the port `USES=cmake` it will look for CMakeLists.txt in `PATHFIX_WRKSRC`. If needed, that default filename can be changed with `PATHFIX_CMAKELISTSTXT`.

### 17.66. `pear`

Possible arguments: `env`

Adds a dependency on devel/pear. It will setup default behavior for software using the PHP Extension and Application Repository. Using the `env` arguments only sets up the PEAR environment variables. See PEAR Modules for more information.

### 17.67. `perl5`

Possible arguments: (none)

Depends on Perl. The configuration is done using `USE_PERL5`.

`USE_PERL5` can contain the phases in which to use Perl, can be `extract`, `patch`, `build`, `run`, or `test`.

`USE_PERL5` can also contain `configure`, `modbuild`, or `modbuildtiny` when Makefile.PL, Build.PL, or Module::Build::Tiny’s flavor of Build.PL is required.

`USE_PERL5` defaults to `build run`. When using `configure`, `modbuild`, or `modbuildtiny`, `build` and `run` are implied.

See Using Perl for more information.

### 17.68. `pgsql`

Possible arguments: (none), `X.Y`, `X.Y+`, `X.Y-`, `X.Y-Z.A`

Provide support for PostgreSQL. Port maintainer can set version required. Minimum and maximum versions or a range can be specified; for example, `9.0-`, `8.4+`, `8.4-9.2.`

By default, the added dependency will be the client, but if the port requires additional components, this can be done using `WANT_PGSQL=component[:target]`; for example, `WANT_PGSQL=server:configure pltcl plperl`. The available components are:

- `client`

- `contrib`

- `docs`

- `pgtcl`

- `plperl`

- `plpython`

- `pltcl`

- `server`

### 17.69. `php`

Possible arguments: (none), `phpize`, `ext`, `zend`, `build`, `cli`, `cgi`, `mod`, `web`, `embed`, `pecl`, `flavors`, `noflavors`

Provide support for PHP. Add a runtime dependency on the default PHP version, lang/php56.

`phpize`

  Use to build a PHP extension. Enables flavors.

`ext`

  Use to build, install and register a PHP extension. Enables flavors.

`zend`

  Use to build, install and register a Zend extension. Enables flavors.

`build`

  Set PHP also as a build-time dependency.

`cli`

  Needs the CLI version of PHP.

`cgi`

  Needs the CGI version of PHP.

`mod`

  Needs the Apache module for PHP.

`web`

  Needs the Apache module or the CGI version of PHP.

`embed`

  Needs the embedded library version of PHP.

`pecl`

  Provide defaults for fetching PHP extensions from the PECL repository. Enables flavors.

`flavors`

  Enable automatic PHP flavors generation. Flavors will be generated for all PHP versions, except the ones present in `IGNORE_WITH_PHP`.

`noflavors`

  Disable automatic PHP flavors generation. Must only be used with extensions provided by PHP itself.

Variables are used to specify which PHP modules are required, as well as which version of PHP are supported.

`USE_PHP`

  The list of required PHP extensions at run-time. Add `:build` to the extension name to add a build-time dependency. Example: `pcre xml:build gettext`

`IGNORE_WITH_PHP`

  The port does not work with PHP of the given version. For possible values look at the content of `_ALL_PHP_VERSIONS` in Mk/Uses/php.mk.

When building a PHP or Zend extension with `:ext` or `:zend`, these variables can be set:

`PHP_MODNAME`

  The name of the PHP or Zend extension. Default value is `${PORTNAME}`.

`PHP_HEADER_DIRS`

  A list of subdirectories from which to install header files. The framework will always install the header files that are present in the same directory as the extension.

`PHP_MOD_PRIO`

  The priority at which to load the extension. It is a number between `00` and `99`.

  For extensions that do not depend on any extension, the priority is automatically set to `20`, for extensions that depend on another extension, the priority is automatically set to `30`. Some extensions may need to be loaded before every other extension, for example www/php56-opcache. Some may need to be loaded after an extension with a priority of `30`. In that case, add `PHP_MOD_PRIO=XX` in the port’s Makefile. For example:

      USES=		php:ext
      USE_PHP=	wddx
      PHP_MOD_PRIO=	40

These variables are available to use in `PKGNAMEPREFIX` or `PKGNAMESUFFIX`:

`PHP_PKGNAMEPREFIX`

  Contains `php_XY_-` where XY is the current flavor’s PHP version. Use with PHP extensions and modules.

`PHP_PKGNAMESUFFIX`

  Contains `-php_XY_` where XY is the current flavor’s PHP version. Use with PHP applications.

`PECL_PKGNAMEPREFIX`

  Contains `php_XY_-pecl-` where XY is the current flavor’s PHP version. Use with PECL modules.

| With flavors, all PHP extensions, PECL extensions, PEAR modules must have a different package name, so they must all use one of these three variables in their `PKGNAMEPREFIX` or `PKGNAMESUFFIX`.

### 17.70. `pkgconfig`

Possible arguments: (none), `build` (default), `run`, `both`

Uses devel/pkgconf. With no arguments or with the `build` argument, it implies `pkg-config` as a build-time dependency. `run` implies a run-time dependency and `both` implies both run-time and build-time dependencies.

### 17.71. `pure`

Possible arguments: (none), `ffi`

Uses lang/pure. Largely used for building related pure ports. With the `ffi` argument, it implies devel/pure-ffi as a run-time dependency.

### 17.72. `pyqt`

Possible arguments: (none), `4`, `5`

Uses PyQt. If the port is part of PyQT itself, set `PYQT_DIST`. Use `USE_PYQT` to select the components the port needs. The available components are:

- `core`

- `dbus`

- `dbussupport`

- `demo`

- `designer`

- `designerplugin`

- `doc`

- `gui`

- `multimedia`

- `network`

- `opengl`

- `qscintilla2`

- `sip`

- `sql`

- `svg`

- `test`

- `webkit`

- `xml`

- `xmlpatterns`

These components are only available with PyQT4:

- `assistant`

- `declarative`

- `help`

- `phonon`

- `script`

- `scripttools`

These components are only available with PyQT5:

- `multimediawidgets`

- `printsupport`

- `qml`

- `serialport`

- `webkitwidgets`

- `widgets`

The default dependency for each component is build- and run-time, to select only build or run, add `_build` or `_run` to the component name. For example:

    USES=		pyqt
    USE_PYQT=	core doc_build designer_run

### 17.73. `python`

Possible arguments: (none), `X.Y`, `X.Y+`, `-X.Y`, `X.Y-Z.A`, `patch`, `build`, `run`, `test`

Uses Python. A supported version or version range can be specified. If Python is only needed at build time, run time or for the tests, it can be set as a build, run or test dependency with `build`, `run`, or `test`. If Python is also needed during the patch phase, use `patch`. See Using Python for more information.

`PYTHON_NO_DEPENDS=yes` can be used when the variables exported by the framework are needed but a dependency on Python is not. It can happen when using with `USES=shebangfix`, and the goal is only to fix the shebangs but not add a dependency on Python.

### 17.74. `qmail`

Possible arguments: (none), `build`, `run`, `both`, `vars`

Uses mail/qmail. With the `build` argument, it implies `qmail` as a build-time dependency. `run` implies a run-time dependency. Using no argument or the `both` argument implies both run-time and build-time dependencies. `vars` will only set QMAIL variables for the port to use.

### 17.75. `qmake`

Possible arguments: (none), `norecursive`, `outsource`, `no_env`, `no_configure`

Uses QMake for configuring. For more information see Using `qmake`.

### 17.76. `qt`

Possible arguments: `5`, `no_env`

Add dependency on Qt components. `no_env` is passed directly to `USES= qmake`. See Using Qt for more information.

### 17.77. `qt-dist`

Possible arguments: (none) or `5` and (none) or one of `3d`, `activeqt`, `androidextras`, `base`, `canvas3d`, `charts`, `connectivity`, `datavis3d`, `declarative`, `doc`, `gamepad`, `graphicaleffects`, `imageformats`, `location`, `macextras`, `multimedia`, `networkauth`, `purchasing`, `quickcontrols2`, `quickcontrols`, `remoteobjects`, `script`, `scxml`, `sensors`, `serialbus`, `serialport`, `speech`, `svg`, `tools`, `translations`, `virtualkeyboard`, `wayland`, `webchannel`, `webengine`, `websockets`, `webview`, `winextras`, `x11extras`, `xmlpatterns`

Provides support for building Qt 5 components. It takes care of setting up the appropriate configuration environment for the port to build.

例 119. Building Qt 5 Components

The port is Qt 5’s `networkauth` component, which is part of the `networkauth` distribution file.

    PORTNAME=	networkauth
    DISTVERSION=	${QT5_VERSION}

    USES=		qt-dist:5

If `PORTNAME` does not match the component name, it can be passed as an argument to `qt-dist`.

例 120. Building Qt 5 Components with Different Names

The port is Qt 5’s `gui` component, which is part of the `base` distribution file.

    PORTNAME=	gui
    DISTVERSION=	${QT5_VERSION}

    USES=		qt-dist:5,base

### 17.78. `readline`

Possible arguments: (none), `port`

Uses readline as a library dependency, and sets `CPPFLAGS` and `LDFLAGS` as necessary. If the `port` argument is used or if readline is not present in the base system, add a dependency on devel/readline

### 17.79. `samba`

Possible arguments: `build`, `env`, `lib`, `run`

Handle dependency on Samba. `env` will not add any dependency and only set up the variables. `build` and `run` will add build-time and run-time dependency on smbd. `lib` will add a dependency on libsmbclient.so. The variables that are exported are:

`SAMBAPORT`

  The origin of the default Samba port.

`SAMBAINCLUDES`

  The location of the Samba header files.

`SAMBALIBS`

  The directory where the Samba shared libraries are available.

### 17.80. `scons`

Possible arguments: (none)

Provide support for the use of devel/scons. See Using `scons` for more information.

### 17.81. `shared-mime-info`

Possible arguments: (none)

Uses update-mime-database from misc/shared-mime-info. This uses will automatically add a post-install step in such a way that the port itself still can specify there own post-install step if needed. It also add an `@shared-mime-info` entry to the plist.

### 17.82. `shebangfix`

Possible arguments: (none)

A lot of software uses incorrect locations for script interpreters, most notably /usr/bin/perl and /bin/bash. The shebangfix macro fixes shebang lines in scripts listed in `SHEBANG_REGEX`, `SHEBANG_GLOB`, or `SHEBANG_FILES`.

`SHEBANG_REGEX`

  Contains one extended regular expressions, and is used with the `-iregex` argument of find(1). See `USES=shebangfix` with `SHEBANG_REGEX`.

`SHEBANG_GLOB`

  Contains a list of patterns used with the `-name` argument of find(1). See `USES=shebangfix` with `SHEBANG_GLOB`.

`SHEBANG_FILES`

  Contains a list of files or sh(1) globs. The shebangfix macro is run from `${WRKSRC}`, so `SHEBANG_FILES` can contain paths that are relative to `${WRKSRC}`. It can also deal with absolute paths if files outside of `${WRKSRC}` require patching. See `USES=shebangfix` with `SHEBANG_FILES`.

Currently Bash, Java, Ksh, Lua, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Tcl, and Tk are supported by default.

There are three configuration variables:

`SHEBANG_LANG`

  The list of supported interpreters.

`_interp__CMD`

  The path to the command interpreter on FreeBSD. The default value is `${LOCALBASE}/bin/interp`.

`_interp__OLD_CMD`

  The list of wrong invocations of interpreters. These are typically obsolete paths, or paths used on other operating systems that are incorrect on FreeBSD. They will be replaced by the correct path in `_interp__CMD`.

  | These will always be part of `interp__OLD_CMD`: `"/usr/bin/env _interp``" /bin/interp /usr/bin/interp /usr/local/bin/interp`.

  | `_interp__OLD_CMD` contain multiple values. Any entry with spaces must be quoted. See Specifying all the Paths When Adding an Interpreter to `USES=shebangfix`.

| The fixing of shebangs is done during the `patch` phase. If scripts are created with incorrect shebangs during the `build` phase, the build process (for example, the configure script, or the Makefiles) must be patched or given the right path (for example, with `CONFIGURE_ENV`, `CONFIGURE_ARGS`, `MAKE_ENV`, or `MAKE_ARGS`) to generate the right shebangs. Correct paths for supported interpreters are available in `_interp__CMD`.

| When used with `USES=python`, and the aim is only to fix the shebangs but a dependency on Python itself is not wanted, use `PYTHON_NO_DEPENDS=yes`.

例 121. Adding Another Interpreter to `USES=shebangfix`

To add another interpreter, set `SHEBANG_LANG`. For example:

    SHEBANG_LANG=	lua

例 122. Specifying all the Paths When Adding an Interpreter to `USES=shebangfix`

If it was not already defined, and there were no default values for `_interpOLD_CMD` and `_interp` `CMD` the Ksh entry could be defined as:

    SHEBANG_LANG=	ksh
    ksh_OLD_CMD=	"/usr/bin/env ksh" /bin/ksh /usr/bin/ksh
    ksh_CMD=	${LOCALBASE}/bin/ksh

例 123. Adding a Strange Location for an Interpreter

Some software uses strange locations for an interpreter. For example, an application might expect Python to be located in /opt/bin/python2.7. The strange path to be replaced can be declared in the port Makefile:

    python_OLD_CMD=	/opt/bin/python2.7

例 124. `USES=shebangfix` with `SHEBANG_REGEX`

To fix all the files in `${WRKSRC}/scripts` ending in .pl, .sh, or .cgi do:

    USES=	shebangfix
    SHEBANG_REGEX=	./scripts/.*\.(sh|pl|cgi)

| `SHEBANG_REGEX` is used by running `find -E`, which uses modern regular expressions also known as extended regular expressions. See re_format(7) for more information.

例 125. `USES=shebangfix` with `SHEBANG_GLOB`

To fix all the files in `${WRKSRC}` ending in .pl or .sh, do:

    USES=	shebangfix
    SHEBANG_GLOB=	*.sh *.pl

例 126. `USES=shebangfix` with `SHEBANG_FILES`

To fix the files script/foobar.pl and script/*.sh in `${WRKSRC}`, do:

    USES=	shebangfix
    SHEBANG_FILES=	scripts/foobar.pl scripts/*.sh

### 17.83. `sqlite`

Possible arguments: (none), `2`, `3`

Add a dependency on SQLite. The default version used is 3, but version 2 is also possible using the `:2` modifier.

### 17.84. `ssl`

Possible arguments: (none), `build`, `run`

Provide support for OpenSSL. A build- or run-time only dependency can be specified using `build` or `run`. These variables are available for the port’s use, they are also added to `MAKE_ENV`:

`OPENSSLBASE`

  Path to the OpenSSL installation base.

`OPENSSLDIR`

  Path to OpenSSL’s configuration files.

`OPENSSLLIB`

  Path to the OpenSSL libraries.

`OPENSSLINC`

  Path to the OpenSSL includes.

`OPENSSLRPATH`

  If defined, the path the linker needs to use to find the OpenSSL libraries.

| If a port does not build with an OpenSSL flavor, set the `BROKEN_SSL` variable, and possibly the `BROKEN_SSL_REASON__flavor_`:
    BROKEN_SSL=	libressl
    BROKEN_SSL_REASON_libressl=	needs features only available in OpenSSL

### 17.85. `tar`

Possible arguments: (none), `Z`, `bz2`, `bzip2`, `lzma`, `tbz`, `tbz2`, `tgz`, `txz`, `xz`

Set `EXTRACT_SUFX` to `.tar`, `.tar.Z`, `.tar.bz2`, `.tar.bz2`, `.tar.lzma`, `.tbz`, `.tbz2`, `.tgz`, `.txz` or `.tar.xz` respectively.

### 17.86. `tcl`

Possible arguments: version, `wrapper`, `build`, `run`, `tea`

Add a dependency on Tcl. A specific version can be requested using version. The version can be empty, one or more exact version numbers (currently `84`, `85`, or `86`), or a minimal version number (currently `84+`, `85+` or `86+`). To only request a non version specific wrapper, use `wrapper`. A build- or run-time only dependency can be specified using `build` or `run`. To build the port using the Tcl Extension Architecture, use `tea`. After including bsd.port.pre.mk the port can inspect the results using these variables:

- `TCL_VER`: chosen major.minor version of Tcl

- `TCLSH`: full path of the Tcl interpreter

- `TCL_LIBDIR`: path of the Tcl libraries

- `TCL_INCLUDEDIR`: path of the Tcl C header files

- `TK_VER`: chosen major.minor version of Tk

- `WISH`: full path of the Tk interpreter

- `TK_LIBDIR`: path of the Tk libraries

- `TK_INCLUDEDIR`: path of the Tk C header files

### 17.87. `terminfo`

Possible arguments: (none)

Adds `@terminfo` to the plist. Use when the port installs *.terminfo files in ${PREFIX}/share/misc.

### 17.88. `tk`

Same as arguments for `tcl`

Small wrapper when using both Tcl and Tk. The same variables are returned as when using Tcl.

### 17.89. `uidfix`

Possible arguments: (none)

Changes some default behavior (mostly variables) of the build system to allow installing this port as a normal user. Try this in the port before using USES=fakeroot or patching.

### 17.90. `uniquefiles`

Possible arguments: (none), `dirs`

Make files or directories 'unique', by adding a prefix or suffix. If the `dirs` argument is used, the port needs a prefix (and only a prefix) based on `UNIQUE_PREFIX` for standard directories `DOCSDIR`, `EXAMPLESDIR`, `DATADIR`, `WWWDIR`, `ETCDIR`. These variables are available for ports:

- `UNIQUE_PREFIX`: The prefix to be used for directories and files. Default: `${PKGNAMEPREFIX}`.

- `UNIQUE_PREFIX_FILES`: A list of files that need to be prefixed. Default: empty.

- `UNIQUE_SUFFIX`: The suffix to be used for files. Default: `${PKGNAMESUFFIX}`.

- `UNIQUE_SUFFIX_FILES`: A list of files that need to be suffixed. Default: empty.

### 17.91. `varnish`

Possible arguments: `4`, `6`

Handle dependencies on Varnish Cache. `4` will add a dependency on www/varnish4. `6` will add a dependency on www/varnish6.

### 17.92. `webplugin`

Possible arguments: (none), `ARGS`

Automatically create and remove symbolic links for each application that supports the webplugin framework. `ARGS` can be one of:

- `gecko`: support plug-ins based on Gecko

- `native`: support plug-ins for Gecko, Opera, and WebKit-GTK

- `linux`: support Linux plug-ins

- `all` (default, implicit): support all plug-in types

- (individual entries): support only the browsers listed

These variables can be adjusted:

- `WEBPLUGIN_FILES`: No default, must be set manually. The plug-in files to install.

- `WEBPLUGIN_DIR`: The directory to install the plug-in files to, default PREFIX/lib/browser_plugins/WEBPLUGIN_NAME. Set this if the port installs plug-in files outside of the default directory to prevent broken symbolic links.

- `WEBPLUGIN_NAME`: The final directory to install the plug-in files into, default `PKGBASE`.

### 17.93. `xfce`

Possible arguments: (none), `gtk2`

Provide support for Xfce related ports. See Using Xfce for details.

The `gtk2` argument specifies that the port requires GTK2 support. It adds additional features provided by some core components, for example, x11/libxfce4menu and x11-wm/xfce4-panel.

### 17.94. `xorg`

Possible arguments: (none)

Provides an easy way to depend on X.org components. The components should be listed in `USE_XORG`. The available components are:

表 51. Available X.Org Components
Name | Description
--- | ---
`dmx` | DMX extension library
`fontenc` | The fontenc Library
`fontutil` | Create an index of X font files in a directory
`ice` | Inter Client Exchange library for X11
`libfs` | The FS library
`pciaccess` | Generic PCI access library
`pixman` | Low-level pixel manipulation library
`sm` | Session Management library for X11
`x11` | X11 library
`xau` | Authentication Protocol library for X11
`xaw` | X Athena Widgets library
`xaw6` | X Athena Widgets library
`xaw7` | X Athena Widgets library
`xbitmaps` | X.Org bitmaps data
`xcb` | The X protocol C-language Binding (XCB) library
`xcomposite` | X Composite extension library
`xcursor` | X client-side cursor loading library
`xdamage` | X Damage extension library
`xdmcp` | X Display Manager Control Protocol library
`xext` | X11 Extension library
`xfixes` | X Fixes extension library
`xfont` | X font library
`xfont2` | X font library
`xft` | Client-sided font API for X applications
`xi` | X Input extension library
`xinerama` | X11 Xinerama library
`xkbfile` | XKB file library
`xmu` | X Miscellaneous Utilities libraries
`xmuu` | X Miscellaneous Utilities libraries
`xorg-macros` | X.Org development aclocal macros
`xorg-server` | X.Org X server and related programs
`xorgproto` | xorg protocol headers
`xpm` | X Pixmap library
`xpresent` | X Present Extension library
`xrandr` | X Resize and Rotate extension library
`xrender` | X Render extension library
`xres` | X Resource usage library
`xscrnsaver` | The XScrnSaver library
`xshmfence` | Shared memory 'SyncFence' synchronization primitive
`xt` | X Toolkit library
`xtrans` | Abstract network code for X
`xtst` | X Test extension
`xv` | X Video Extension library
`xvmc` | X Video Extension Motion Compensation library
`xxf86dga` | X DGA Extension
`xxf86vm` | X Vidmode Extension

### 17.95. `xorg-cat`

Possible arguments: `app`, `data`, `doc`, `driver`, `font`, `lib`, `proto`, `util`, `xserver` and (none) or one off `autotools` (default), `meson`

Provide support for building Xorg components. It takes care of setting up common dependencies and an appropriate configuration environment needed. This is intended only for Xorg components.

The category has to match upstream categories.

The second argument is the build system to use. autotools is the default, but meson is also supported.

### 17.96. `zip`

Possible arguments: (none), `infozip`

Indicates that the distribution files use the ZIP compression algorithm. For files using the InfoZip algorithm the `infozip` argument must be passed to set the appropriate dependencies.

## Chapter 18. `__FreeBSD_version` Values

Here is a convenient list of `__FreeBSD_version` values as defined in sys/param.h:

### 18.1. FreeBSD 14 Versions

表 52. FreeBSD 14 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
1400000 | a53ce3fc4938 | January 22, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT.
1400001 | 739ecbcf1c4f | January 23, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding symlink support to lockless lookup.
1400002 | 2cf84258922f | January 26, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after fixing a clang assertion when building the devel/onetbb port.
1400003 | d386f3a3c32f | January 28, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding various LinuxKPI bits conflicting with drm-kmod.
1400004 | 68f6800ce05c | February 8, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after kernel interfaces for dispatching cryptographic operations were changed.
1400005 | 45eabf5754ac | February 17, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after changing the API of ptrace(2) `PT_GETDBREGS`/`PT_SETDBREGS` on arm64.
1400006 | c96151d33509 | March 17, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding sndstat(4) enumeration ioctls.
1400007 | d36d68161517 | April 6, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after fixing wrong `dlpi_tls_data`.
1400008 | e152bbecb221 | April 11, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after changing the internal KAPI between the krpc and NFS modules.
1400009 | 9ca874cf740e | April 20, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding TCP LRO support for VLAN and VxLAN.
1400010 | a3a02acde100 | April 21, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after changing the sndstat(4) ioctls nvlist schema and definitions.
1400015 | d72cd275187c | May 25, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding more LinuxKPI changes needing adjustments to drm-kmod.
1400016 | 21e3c1fbe246 | May 25, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after removing support for KTLS software backends.
1400017 | beb817edfe22 | May 25, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding `crypto_cursor_segment()`.
1400018 | a4b07a2701f5 | May 30, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after allowing the VFS_QUOTACTL(9) implementation to indicate busy state changes.
1400019 | 37d64dcdfa51 | Jun 7, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after including `pr_err_once()` in the LinuxKPI printk.h.
1400020 | 8a1a42b2a7a4 | Jun 9, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding macros for `might_lock_nested()` and `lockdep_(re/un/)pin_lock()` to the LinuxKPI.
1400021 | b47f461c8e67 | Jun 10, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding a `list_for_each_entry_lockless()` macro to the LinuxKPI.
1400022 | 40cc9a3a6b81 | Jun 11, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc and nfsserver modules.
1400023 | d409305fa383 | Jun 13, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after upgrading llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to llvmorg-12.0.0-0-gd28af7c654d8, a.k.a. 12.0.0 release.
1400024 | 41dfd8bd6466 | Jun 18, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after various additions to LinuxKPI.
1400025 | 5fa1eb1cd927 | Jul 5, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after various additions to LinuxKPI.
1400026 | fad3f322efb5 | Jul 16, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after changing the internal KAPI between the nfscommon and nfsd modules.
1400027 | cc55ee8009a5 | Jul 28, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding out-of-line LSE atomics helpers to libcompiler_rt.a on aarch64.
1400028 | 792b602a337d | Jul 31, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after making FPU sections thread-safe in the LinuxKPI.
1400029 | 245ec7651e42 | Aug 5, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after adding fspacectl(2), vn_deallocate(9) and VOP_DEALLOCATE(9).
1400030 | 95941b963606 | Aug 12, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after VOP_DEALLOCATE(9) parameter changes and addition of fspacectl(2) support to POSIX shared memory.
1400031 | 1a4c5061fc5b | Aug 24, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after changing fspacectl(2), vn_deallocate(9) and VOP_DEALLOCATE(9) to update rmsr.r_offset to a meaningful value.
1400032 | 76321d2d432e | Aug 25, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after changing fspacectl(2), vn_deallocate(9) and VOP_DEALLOCATE(9) to make calculating the number of bytes zeroed easier.
1400033 | c751d067c166 | Sep 7, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after moving the socket buffer locks into the containing socket and renaming sb(un)lock to SOCK_IO_RECV_LOCK, SOCK_IO_RECV_UNLOCK, SOCK_IO_SEND_LOCK, and SOCK_IO_SEND_UNLOCK.
1400034 | c751d067c166 | Sep 29, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after LinuxKPI changes.
1400035 | 16f1ee11e657 | Oct 4, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after splitting libtinfow from libncurses.
1400036 | ac847dbf7368 | Oct 6, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after extending the AES-CCM and Chacha20-Poly1305 ciphers in OCF to support multiple nonce lengths.
1400037 | 2b68eb8e1dbb | Oct 11, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after removal of thread argument from VOP_STAT(9) and fo_stat.
1400038 | 0d6516b45346 | Oct 17, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after LinuxKPI gained support of lazy BAR allocation.
1400039 | bd49c454ca62 | Oct 19, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after page allocator changes.
1400040 | f38bef2ce417 | Oct 30, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after libdialog shared library version number bump.
1400041 | 0c276dee030b | Nov 6, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after changing the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE(9).
1400042 | 20aa359773be | Nov 13, 2021 | 14.0-CURRENT after upgrading llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to llvmorg-13.0.0-0-gd7b669b3a303, a.k.a. 13.0.0 release.

### 18.2. FreeBSD 13 Versions

表 53. FreeBSD 13 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
1300000 | 339436 | October 19, 2018 | 13.0-CURRENT.
1300001 | 339730 | October 25, 2018 | 13.0-CURRENT after bumping OpenSSL shared library version numbers.
1300002 | 339765 | October 25, 2018 | 13.0-CURRENT after restoration of sys/joystick.h.
1300003 | 340055 | November 2, 2018 | 13.0-CURRENT after vop_symlink API change (`a_target` is now `const`.)
1300004 | 340841 | November 23, 2018 | 13.0-CURRENT after enabling crtbegin and crtend code.
1300005 | 341836 | December 11, 2018 | 13.0-CURRENT after enabling UFS inode checksums.
1300006 | 342398 | December 24, 2018 | 13.0-CURRENT after fixing sys/random.h include to be usable from C++.
1300007 | 342629 | December 30, 2018 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing the size of `struct linux_cdev` on 32-bit platforms.
1300008 | 342772 | January 4, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding `kern.smp.threads_per_core` and `kern.smp.cores` sysctls.
1300009 | 343213 | January 20, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after `struct ieee80211vap` structure change to resolve ioctl/detach race for ieee80211com structure.
1300010 | 343485 | January 27, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after increasing `SPECNAMELEN` from 63 to `MAXNAMELEN` (255).
1300011 | 344041 | February 12, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after renameat(2) has been corrected to work with kernels built with the `CAPABILITIES` option.
1300012 | 344062 | February 12, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after `taskqgroup_attach()` and `taskqgroup_attach_cpu()` take a device_t and a struct resource pointer as arguments for denoting device interrupts.
1300013 | 344300 | February 19, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after the removal of drm and drm2.
1300014 | 344779 | March 4, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after upgrading clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 8.0.0 rc3.
1300015 | 345196 | March 15, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after deanonymizing thread and proc state enums, so userland applications can use them without redefining the value names.
1300016 | 345236 | March 16, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after enabling LLVM OpenMP 8.0.0 rc5 on amd64 by default.
1300017 | 345305 | March 19, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after exposing the Rx mbuf buffer size to drivers in iflib.
1300018 | 346012 | March 16, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after introduction of funlinkat syscall in 345982.
1300019 | 346282 | April 16, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after addition of is_random_seeded(9) to random(4).
1300020 | 346358 | April 18, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after restoring random(4) availability tradeoff prior to 346250 and adding new tunables and diagnostic sysctls for programmatically discovering early seeding problems after boot.
1300021 | 346645 | April 24, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after LinuxKPI uses bus_dma(9) to be compatible with an IOMMU.
1300022 | 347089 | May 4, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after fixing regression issue after 346645 in the LinuxKPI.
1300023 | 347192 | May 6, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after list-ifying kernel dump device configuration.
1300024 | 347325 | May 8, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after bumping the Mellanox driver version numbers (mlx4en(4); mlx5en(4)).
1300025 | 347532 | May 13, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after renaming `vm.max_wired` to `vm.max_user_wired` and changing its type.
1300026 | 347596 | May 14, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding context member to ww_mutex in LinuxKPI.
1300027 | 347601 | May 14, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding prepare to pm_ops in LinuxKPI.
1300028 | 347925 | May 17, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of bm, cs, de, ed, ep, ex, fe, pcn, sf, sn, tl, tx, txp, vx, wb, and xe drivers.
1300029 | 347984 | May 20, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removing some header pollution due to sys/eventhandler.h. Affected files may now need to explicitly include one or more of sys/eventhandler.h, sys/ktr.h, sys/lock.h, or sys/mutex.h, when the missing header may have been included implicitly prior to 1300029.
1300030 | 348350 | May 29, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding relocation support to libdwarf on powerpc64 to fix handling of DWARF information on unlinked objects. Original commit in 348347.
1300031 | 348808 | June 8, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding dpcpu and vnet section fixes to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics in certain conditions. i386 kernel modules need to be recompiled with the linker script magic in place or they will refuse to load.
1300032 | 349151 | June 17, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after separating kernel `crc32()` implementation to its own header (gsb_crc32.h) and renaming the source to gsb_crc32.c.
1300033 | 349277 | June 21, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after additions to LinuxKPI’s `rcu` list.
1300034 | 349352 | June 24, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after NAND and NANDFS removal.
1300035 | 349846 | July 8, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after merging the vm_page hold and wire mechanisms.
1300036 | 349972 | July 13, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding `arm_drain_writebuf()` and `arm_sync_icache()` for compatibility with NetBSD and OpenBSD.
1300037 | 350307 | July 24, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of libcap_random(3).
1300038 | 350437 | July 30, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of gzip’ed a.out support.
1300039 | 350665 | August 7, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after merge of fusefs from projects/fuse2.
1300040 | 351140 | August 16, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after deletion of sys/dir.h which has been deprecated since 1997.
(not changed) | 351423 | August 23, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing most arguments to ping6(8).
1300041 | 351480 | August 25, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of zlib 1.0.4 after the completion of kernel zlib unification.
1300042 | 351522 | August 27, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after addition of kernel-side support for in-kernel TLS.
1300043 | 351698 | September 2, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of gets(3).
1300044 | 351701 | September 2, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding sysfs create/remove functions that handles multiple files in one call to the LinuxKPI.
1300045 | 351729 | September 3, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding sysctlbyname(3) system call.
1300046 | 351937 | September 6, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after LinuxKPI sysfs improvements.
1300047 | 352110 | September 9, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing the synchonization rules for vm_page reference counting..
1300048 | 352700 | September 25, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding a shm_open2 syscall to support the upcoming memfd_create(2) syscall.
1300049 | 353274 | October 7, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after factoring out the VNET shutdown check into an own vnet structure field.
1300050 | 353358 | October 9, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 9.0.0 final release r372316.
1300051 | 353685 | October 17, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after splitting out a more generic debugnet(4) from netdump(4).
1300052 | 353698 | October 17, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after promoting the page busy field to a first class lock that no longer requires the object lock for consistency.
1300053 | 353700 | October 17, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after implementing NetGDB.
1300054 | 353868 | October 21, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removing obsoleted KPIs that were used to access interface address lists.
1300055 | 354335 | November 4, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after enabling device class group attributes in the LinuxKPI.
1300056 | 354460 | November 7, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after fixing a potential OOB read security issue in libc++.
1300057 | 354694 | November 13, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding support for `AT_EXECPATH` to elf_aux_info(3).
1300058 | 354820 | November 18, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after widening the vm_page aflags field to 16 bits.
1300059 | 354835 | November 18, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after converting the in-tree sysent targets to use the new makesyscalls.lua.
1300060 | 354922 | November 20, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding /etc/os-release as a symbolic link to /var/run/os-release.
1300061 | 354977 | November 21, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding functions to bitstring(3) to find contiguous sequences of set or unset bits.
1300062 | 355309 | December 2, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding TCP_STATS support.
1300063 | 355537 | December 8, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of VI_DOOMED (use VN_IS_DOOMED instead).
1300064 | 355658 | December 9, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after correcting the C++ version check for declaring timespec_get(3).
1300065 | 355643 | December 12, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding sigsetop extensions commonly found in musl libc and glibc.
1300066 | 355679 | December 12, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing the internal interface between the NFS modules as part of the introduction of NFS 4.2.
1300067 | 355732 | December 13, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removing the deprecated `callout_handle_init`, `timeout`, and `untimeout` functions.
1300068 | 355828 | December 16, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after doubling the value of `ARG_MAX`, for 64 bit platforms.
1300069 | 356051 | December 24, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after the addition of busdma templates.
1300070 | 356113 | December 27, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after eliminating the last MI difference in AT_* definitions (for powerpc).
1300071 | 356135 | December 27, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after making USB statistics be per-device instead of per bus.
1300072 | 356185 | December 29, 2019 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of `GEOM_SCHED` class and `gsched` tool.
1300073 | 356263 | January 2, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removing arm/arm as a valid target.
1300074 | 356337 | January 3, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removing flags argument from `VOP_UNLOCK`.
1300075 | 356409 | January 6, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding own counter for cancelled USB transfers.
1300076 | 356511 | January 8, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after pushing vnop implementation into the fileop layer in posix_fallocate(2).
(not changed) | 357396 | February 2, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of armv5 architecture code from the src tree.
1300077 | 357455 | February 3, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of sparc64 architecture code from the src tree.
1300078 | 358020 | February 17, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing `struct vnet` and the VNET magic cookie.
1300079 | 358164 | February 20, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after upgrading ncurses to 6.2.x
1300080 | 358172 | February 20, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding realpathat syscall to VFS.
1300081 | 358218 | February 21, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after recent linuxkpi changes.
1300082 | 358497 | March 1, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of bktr(4).
1300083 | 358834 | March 10, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of amd(8), r358821.
1300084 | 358851 | March 10, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 10.0.0-rc3 c290cb61fdc.
1300085 | 359261 | March 23, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after the import of the kyua test framework.
1300086 | 359347 | March 26, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after switching powerpc and powerpcspe to the lld linker.
1300087 | 359374 | March 27, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after refactoring the driver and consumer interfaces for in-kernel cryptography.
1300088 | 359530 | April 1, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removing support for procfs process debugging.
1300089 | 359727 | April 8, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after cloning the RCU interface into a sleepable and a non-sleepable part in the LinuxKPI.
1300090 | 359747 | April 9, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removing the old NFS lock device driver that uses Giant.
1300091 | 359839 | April 12, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after implementing a close_range(2) syscall.
1300092 | 359920 | April 14, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after reworking unmapped mbufs in KTLS to carry ext_pgs in the mbuf itself.
1300093 | 360418 | April 27, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding support for kernel TLS receive offload.
1300094 | 360796 | May 7, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after linuxkpi changes.
1300095 | 361275 | May 20, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding HyperV socket support for FreeBSD guests.
1300096 | 361410 | May 23, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 10.0.1 rc1 f79cd71e145.
1300097 | 361724 | June 2, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after implementing `__is_constexpr()` function macro in the LinuxKPI.
1300098 | 362159 | June 14, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing the `export_args ex_flags` field so that is 64bits.
1300099 | 362453 | June 20, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after making liblzma use libmd implementation of SHA256.
1300100 | 362640 | June 26, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing the internal API between the NFS kernel modules.
1300101 | 363077 | July 10, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after implementing the `array_size()` function in the LinuxKPI.
1300102 | 363562 | July 26, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after implementing lockless lookup in the VFS layer.
1300103 | 363757 | August 1, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after making rights mandatory for NDINIT_ALL.
1300104 | 363783 | August 2, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after vnode layout changes.
1300105 | 363894 | August 5, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after `vaccess()` change.
1300106 | 364092 | August 11, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding an argument to `newnfs_connect()` that indicates use TLS for the connection.
1300107 | 364109 | August 11, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after change to clone the task struct fields related to RCU.
1300108 | 364233 | August 14, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding a few wait_bit functions to the linuxkpi, which are needed for DRM from Linux v5.4.
1300109 | 364274 | August 16, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after `vget()` argument removal and namei flags renumbering.
(not changed) | 364284 | August 16, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to release/11.x llvmorg-11.0.0-rc1-47-gff47911ddfc.
1300110 | 364331 | August 18, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after deleting the unused `use_ext` argument to `nfscl_reqstart()`.
1300111 | 364476 | August 22, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding TLS support to the kernel RPC.
1300112 | 364747 | August 25, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after merging OpenZFS support.
1300113 | 364753 | August 25, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding atomic and bswap functions to libcompiler_rt.
1300114 | 365459 | September 8, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing arm64 AT_HWCAP definitions for elf_aux_info(3).
1300115 | 365705 | September 14, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after fixing crunchgen(1) application build with `WARNS=6`.
1300116 | 366062 | September 22, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after the introduction of the powerpc64le ARCH.
1300117 | 366070 | September 23, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after reimplementing purgevfs to iterate vnodes instead of the entire hash.
1300118 | 366374 | October 2, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding backlight support and `dmi_*` functions to the linuxkpi.
1300119 | 366432 | October 6, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after populating the acquire context field of a `ww_mutex` in the LinuxKPI.
1300120 | 366666 | October 13, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after the fix to arm64 write-only mappings.
1300121 | 366719 | October 15, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after the addition of `VOP_EAGAIN`.
1300122 | 366782 | October 17, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after the addition of `ptsname_r`.
1300123 | 366871 | October 20, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after `VOP`, `VPTOCNP`, and `INACTIVE` changes.
1300124 | 367162 | October 30, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding `cache_vop_mkdir` and renaming `cache_rename` to `cache_vop_rename`.
1300125 | 367347 | November 4, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after using a `rms` lock for teardown handling in `zfs`.
1300126 | 367384 | November 5, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after rationalizing per-cpu zones.
1300127 | 367432 | November 6, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after moving `malloc_type_internal` into `malloc_type`.
1300128 | 367522 | November 9, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after LinuxKPI additions to implement ACPI bits required by `drm-kmod` in the base system.
1300129 | 367627 | November 12, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after retiring malloc_last_fail.
1300130 | 367777 | November 17, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after p_pd / pwddesc split from p_fd / filedesc.
1300131 | 368417 | December 7, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after removal of crypto file descriptors.
1300132 | 368659 | December 15, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after improving handling of alternate settings in the USB stack.
1300133 | 2ed0c8d801f5 | December 23, 2020 | 13.0-CURRENT after changing the internal API between the NFS and kernel RPC modules.
1300134 | a84b0e94cdbf | January 7, 2021 | 13.0-CURRENT after factoring out the hardware-independent part of USB HID support to a new module.
1300135 | 35a39dc5b349 | January 12, 2021 | 13.0-CURRENT after adding `kernel_fpu_begin`/`kernel_fpu_end` to the LinuxKPI.
1300136 | 72c551930be1 | January 17, 2021 | 13.0-CURRENT after reimplementing LinuxKPI’s `irq_work` queue on top of fast taskqueue.
1300137 | 010196adcfaf | January 30, 2021 | 13.0-CURRENT after fixing a clang assertion when building the devel/onetbb port.
1300138 | dcee9964238b | February 1, 2021 | 13.0-ALPHA3 after adding lockless symlink lookup to vfs cache.
1300139 | 91a07ed50ffc | February 2, 2021 | 13.0-ALPHA3 after adding various LinuxKPI bits conflicting with drm-kmod.
1300500 | 3c6a89748a01 | February 5, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after releng/13.0 was branched.
1300501 | c3f97dd75a1c | April 23, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after fixing rtld’s `dl_iterate_phdr()`.
1300501 | c3f97dd75a1c | April 23, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after fixing rtld’s `dl_iterate_phdr()`.
1300502 | da6a8ccfa293 | April 23, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after implementing `atomic_dec_and_lock_irqsave()` in the LinuxKPI.
1300503 | d60c6dc8f69b | April 23, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after changing the internal KAPI between the krpc and NFS.
1300504 | fb34817c686c | April 30, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after updating the LinuxKPI to accommodate the drm-kmod 5.5 update.
1300505 | 8f81f190a640 | May 10, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after changing the internal KAPI between the nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules.
1300506 | e31579b8558d | June 2, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after adding TCP LRO support for VLAN and VxLAN.
1300507 | c64d1bd7145b | June 2, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after adding a new member to the EPOCH(9) tracker structure.
1300508 | 658f5eed38c3 | June 11, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after adding macros for `might_lock_nested()` and `lockdep_(re/un/)pin_lock()` to the LinuxKPI.
1300509 | 210349325af9 | June 14, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after adding a macro for `list_for_each_entry_lockless()` to the LinuxKPI.
1300510 | eb3397588e1b | June 26, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after changing the internal KAPI between the krpc and nfsd modules.
1300511 | 2622570aeb3d | July 7, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after changing `softdep_prelink()` to only do sync if another thread changed the vnode metadata since previous prelink.
1300512 | f72db34d2295 | July 18, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after various merges to LinuxKPI, OFED, net80211, and drivers.
1300513 | af732203b8f7 | July 31, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after upgrading llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to llvmorg-12.0.1-0-gfed41342a82f, a.k.a. 12.0.1 release.
1300514 | 53d162819c20 | August 3, 2021 | Incompatible changes to the KBI of internal interfaces between NFS requires rebuilding modules.
1300515 | 0437d10e359e | September 22, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE returning to 13.0 KBI for linuxkpi.
1300518 | a017868e2818 | October 21, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after adding `crypto_cursor_segment()`.
1300519 | fe2827f1678b | October 21, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after extending the AES-CCM and Chacha20-Poly1305 ciphers in OCF to support multiple nonce lengths.
1300521 | 29745cf91cfc | November 19, 2021 | 13.0-STABLE after various merges to LinuxKPI and net80211.

### 18.3. FreeBSD 12 Versions

表 54. FreeBSD 12 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
1200000 | 302409 | July 7, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT.
1200001 | 302628 | July 12, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing collation from `[a-z]`-type ranges.
1200002 | 304395 | August 18, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing unused and obsolete `openbsd_poll` system call.
1200003 | 304608 | August 22, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding C++11 `thread_local` support in rev 303795.
1200004 | 304752 | August 24, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after fixing LC*MASK for newlocale(3) and querylocale(3) (rev 304703).
1200005 | 304789 | August 25, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing some ioctl interfaces in rev 304787 between the iSCSI userspace programs and the kernel.
1200006 | 305256 | September 1, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after crunchgen(1) META_MODE fix in 305254.
1200007 | 305421 | September 5, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after resolving a deadlock between `device_detach()` and usbd_do_request_flags(9).
1200008 | 305833 | September 15, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing the 4.3BSD compatible macro `m_copy()` in 305824.
1200009 | 306077 | September 21, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing `bio_taskqueue()` in 305988.
1200010 | 306276 | September 23, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after mounting msdosfs(5) with longnames support by default.
1200011 | 306556 | October 1, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding `fb_memattr` field to `fb_info` in 306555.
1200012 | 306592 | October 2, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after net80211(4) changes (rev 306590, 306591).
1200013 | 307140 | October 12, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after installing header files required development with libzfs_core.
1200014 | 307529 | October 17, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after merging common code in rtwn(4) and urtwn(4), and adding support for 802.11ac devices.
1200015 | 308874 | November 20, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after some ABI change for unbreaking powerpc.
1200016 | 309017 | November 22, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing `PG_CACHED`-related fields from `vmmeter`.
1200017 | 309124 | November 25, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after upgrading our copies of clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 3.9.0 release, and adding lld 3.9.0.
1200018 | 309676 | December 7, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding the `ki_moretdname` member to `struct kinfo_proc` and `struct kinfo_proc32` to export the whole thread name to user-space utilities.
1200019 | 310149 | December 16, 2016 | 12.0-CURRENT after starting to lay down the foundation for 11ac support.
1200020 | 312087 | January 13, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing `fgetsock` and `fputsock`.
1200021 | 313858 | February 16, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing MCA and EISA support.
1200022 | 314040 | February 21, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after making the LinuxKPI task struct persistent across system calls.
(not changed) | 314373 | March 2, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing System V Release 4 binary compatibility support.
1200023 | 314564 | March 2, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after upgrading our copies of clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 4.0.0.
1200024 | 314865 | March 7, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after removal of pcap-int.h
1200025 | 315430 | March 16, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after addition of the <dev/mmc/mmc_ioctl.h> header.
1200026 | 315662 | March 16, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after hiding `struct inpcb` and `struct tcpcb` from userland.
1200027 | 315673 | March 21, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after making CAM SIM lock optional.
1200028 | 316683 | April 10, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after renaming `smp_no_rendevous_barrier()` to `smp_no_rendezvous_barrier()` in 316648.
1200029 | 317176 | April 19, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after the removal of `struct vmmeter` from `struct pcpu` from 317061.
1200030 | 317383 | April 24, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing NATM support including en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and patm(4).
1200031 | 318736 | May 23, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after types `ino_t`, `dev_t`, `nlink_t` were extended to 64bit and `struct dirent` changed layout (also known as ino64).
1200032 | 319664 | June 8, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after removal of `groff`.
1200033 | 320043 | June 17, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after the type of the `struct event` member `data` was increased to 64bit, and ext structure members added.
1200034 | 320085 | June 19, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after the NFS client and server were changed so that they actually use the 64bit `ino_t`.
1200035 | 320317 | June 24, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after the `MAP_GUARD` mmap(2) flag was added.
1200036 | 320347 | June 26, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing `time_t` to 64 bits on powerpc (32-bit version).
1200037 | 320545 | July 1, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after the cleanup and inlining of `bus_dmamap*` functions (320528).
1200038 | 320879 | July 10, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after MMC CAM committed. (320844).
1200039 | 321369 | July 22, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after upgrade of copies of clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 5.0.0 (trunk r308421).
1200040 | 321688 | July 29, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding NFS client forced dismount support `umount -N`.
1200041 | 322762 | August 21, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after WRFSBASE instruction become operational on amd64.
1200042 | 322900 | August 25, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after PLPMTUD counters were changed to use counter(9).
1200043 | 322989 | August 28, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after dropping x86 CACHE_LINE_SIZE down to 64 bytes.
1200044 | 323349 | September 8, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after implementing `poll_wait()` in the LinuxKPI.
1200045 | 323706 | September 18, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding shared memory support to LinuxKPI. (323703).
1200046 | 323910 | September 22, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding support for 32-bit compatibility IOCTLs to LinuxKPI.
1200047 | 324053 | September 26, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing M_HASHTYPE_RSS_UDP_IPV4_EX. (324052).
1200048 | 324227 | October 2, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after hiding `struct socket` and `struct unpcb` from userland.
1200049 | 324281 | October 4, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding the `value.u16` field to `struct diocgattr_arg`.
1200050 | 324342 | October 5, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding the `armv7 MACHINE_ARCH`. (324340).
1200051 | 324455 | October 9, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing libstand.a as a public interface. (324454).
1200052 | 325028 | October 26, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after fixing `ptrace()` to always clear the correct thread event when resuming.
1200053 | 325506 | November 7, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing `struct mbuf` layout to add optional hardware timestamps for receive packets.
1200054 | 325852 | November 15, 2017 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing the layout of `struct vmtotal` to allow for reporting large memory counters.
1200055 | 327740 | January 9, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding `cpucontrol -e` support.
1200056 | 327952 | January 14, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after upgrading clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 6.0.0 (branches/release_60 r321788).
1200057 | 329033 | February 8, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after applying a clang 6.0.0 fix to make the wine ports build correctly.
1200058 | 329166 | February 12, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after the lua loader was committed.
1200059 | 330299 | March 2, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing the declaration of `union semun` unless `_WANT_SEMUN` is defined. Also the removal of `struct mymsg` and the renaming of kernel-only members of `struct semid_ds` and `struct msgid_ds`.
1200060 | 330384 | March 4, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after upgrading clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 6.0.0 release.
1200061 | 332100 | April 6, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing syslog(3) to emit RFC 5424 formatted messages.
1200062 | 332423 | April 12, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing the Netmap API.
1200063 | 333446 | May 10, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after reworking CTL frontend and backend options to use nv(3), allow creating multiple ioctl frontend ports.
1200064 | 334074 | May 22, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing the ifnet address and multicast address TAILQ to CK_STAILQ.
1200065 | 334290 | May 28, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing dwatch(1) to allow '-E code' to override profile EVENT_DETAILS.
1200066 | 334466 | June 1, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after removal of in-kernel pmc tables for Intel.
1200067 | 334892 | June 9, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after adding DW_LANG constants to libdwarf.
1200068 | 334930 | June 12, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing the interface between the NFS modules.
1200069 | 335237 | June 15, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing `struct kerneldumpheader` to version 4 (similar to version 2 in 11-STABLE and previous).
1200070 | 335873 | July 2, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after inlining atomic(9) in modules on amd64 and i386 requiring all modules of consumers to be rebuilt for these architectures.
1200071 | 335930 | July 4, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing the ABI and API of epoch(9) (335924) requiring modules of consumers to be rebuilt.
1200072 | 335979 | July 5, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing the ABI and API of `struct xinpcb` and friends.
1200073 | 336313 | July 15, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after changing the ABI and API of `struct if_shared_ctx` and `struct if_softc_ctx` requiring modules of iflib(9) consumers to be rebuilt.
1200074 | 336360 | July 16, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after updating the configuration of libstdc++ to make use of C99 functions.
1200075 | 336538 | July 19, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after zfsloader being folded into loader, and after adding ntpd:ntpd as uid:gid 123:123, and after removing arm big-endian support (MACHINE_ARCH=armeb).
1200076 | 336914 | July 30, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after KPI changes to timespecadd.
1200077 | 337576 | August 10, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after timespec_get(3) was added to the system.
1200078 | 337863 | August 15, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after exec.created hook for jails.
1200079 | 338061 | August 19, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after converting `arc4random` to using the Chacha20 algorithm and deprecating `arc4random_stir` and `arc4random_addrandom`.
1200080 | 338172 | August 22, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing the drm drivers.
1200081 | 338182 | August 21, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after KPI changes to NVMe.
1200082 | 338285 | August 24, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after reverting the removal of the drm drivers.
1200083 | 338331 | August 26, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after removing `arc4random_stir` and `arc4random_addrandom`.
1200084 | 338478 | September 5, 2018 | 12.0-CURRENT after updating objcopy(1) to properly handle little-endian MIPS64 object files.
1200085 | 339270 | October 19, 2018 | 12.0-STABLE after updating OpenSSL to version 1.1.1.
1200086 | 339732 | October 25, 2018 | 12.0-STABLE after updating OpenSSL shared library version numbers.
1200500 | 340471 | November 16, 2018 | 12-STABLE after releng/12.0 was branched.
1200501 | 342801 | January 6, 2019 | 12-STABLE after merge of fixing `linux_destroy_dev()` behaviour when there are still files open from the destroying cdev.
1200502 | 343126 | January 17, 2019 | 12-STABLE after enabling sys/random.h #include from C++.
1200503 | 344152 | Febrary 15, 2019 | 12-STABLE after merge of fixing renameat(2) for CAPABILITIES kernels.
1200504 | 345169 | March 15, 2019 | 12-STABLE after merging CCM for the benefit of the ZoF port.
1200505 | 345327 | March 20, 2019 | 12-STABLE after merging support for selectively disabling ZFS without disabling loader.
1200506 | 346168 | April 12, 2019 | 12-STABLE after merging llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp 8.0.0 final release r356365.
1200507 | 346337 | April 17, 2019 | 12-STABLE after MFC of iflib changes in 345303, 345658, and partially of 345305.
1200508 | 346784 | April 27, 2019 | 12-STABLE after ether_gen_addr availability.
1200509 | 347790 | May 16, 2019 | 12-STABLE after bumping the Mellanox driver version numbers (mlx4en(4); mlx5en(4)).
1200510 | 348036 | May 21, 2019 | 12-STABLE after change to struct in linuxkpi from 348035.
1200511 | 348243 | May 24, 2019 | 12-STABLE after MFC of 347843: adding group_leader member to struct task_struct to the LinuxKPI.
1200512 | 348245 | May 24, 2019 | 12-STABLE after adding context member to ww_mutex in LinuxKPI.
1200513 | 349763 | July 5, 2019 | 12-STABLE after MFC of epoch(9) changes: 349763, 340404, 340415, 340417, 340419, 340420.
1200514 | 350083 | July 17, 2019 | 12-STABLE after additions to LinuxKPI’s rcu list.
1200515 | 350877 | August 11, 2019 | 12-STABLE after MFC of 349891 (reorganize the SRCS lists as one file per line, and then alphabetize them) and 349972 (add `arm_sync_icache()` and `arm_drain_writebuf()` sysarch syscall wrappers).
1200516 | 351276 | August 20, 2019 | 12-STABLE after MFC of various changes to iflib 351276.
1200517 | 352076 | September 9, 2019 | 12-STABLE after adding sysfs create/remove functions that handles multiple files in one call to the LinuxKPI.
1200518 | 352114 | September 10, 2019 | 12-STABLE after additional updates to LinuxKPI’s sysfs.
1200519 | 352351 | September 15, 2019 | 12-STABLE after MFC of the new fusefs driver.
1201000 | 352546 | September 20, 2019 | releng/12.1 branched from stable/12@r352480.
1201500 | 352547 | September 20, 2019 | 12-STABLE after branching releng/12.1.
1201501 | 354598 | November 10, 2019 | 12-STABLE after fixing a potential OOB read security issue in libc++.
1201502 | 354613 | November 11, 2019 | 12-STABLE after enabling device class group attributes in the LinuxKPI.
1201503 | 354928 | November 21, 2019 | 12-STABLE after adding support for `AT_EXECPATH` to elf_aux_info(3).
1201504 | 355658 | November 10, 2019 | 12-STABLE after correcting the C++ version check for declaring timespec_get(3).
1201505 | 355899 | December 19, 2019 | 12-STABLE after adding sigsetop extensions commonly found in musl libc and glibc.
1201506 | 355968 | December 21, 2019 | 12-STABLE after doubling the value of `ARG_MAX`, for 64 bit platforms.
1201507 | 356306 | January 2, 2020 | 12-STABLE after adding functions to bitstring(3) to find contiguous sequences of set or unset bits.
1201508 | 356394 | January 6, 2020 | 12-STABLE after making USB statistics be per-device instead of per bus.
1201509 | 356460 | January 7, 2020 | 12-STABLE after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 9.0.0 final release r372316.
1201510 | 356679 | January 13, 2020 | 12-STABLE after adding own counter for cancelled USB transfers.
1201511 | 357333 | January 31, 2020 | 12-STABLE after adding /etc/os-release as a symbolic link to /var/run/os-release.
1201512 | 357612 | February 6, 2020 | 12-STABLE after recent LinuxKPI changes.
1201513 | 359957 | Apr 15, 2020 | 12-STABLE after cloning the RCU interface into a sleepable and a non-sleepable part in the LinuxKPI.
1201514 | 360525 | May 1, 2020 | 12-STABLE after implementing full bus_dma(9) support in the LinuxKPI and pulling in all dependencies.
1201515 | 360545 | May 1, 2020 | 12-STABLE after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 10.0.0 release.
1201516 | 360620 | May 4, 2020 | 12-STABLE after moving `id_mapped` to end of `bus_dma_impl` structure to preserve KPI.
1201517 | 361350 | May 21, 2020 | 12-STABLE after renaming `vm.max_wired` to `vm.max_user_wired` and changing its type.
1201518 | 362319 | June 18, 2020 | 12-STABLE after implementing `__is_constexpr()` function macro in the LinuxKPI.
1201519 | 362916 | July 4, 2020 | 12-STABLE after making liblzma use libmd implementation of SHA256.
1201520 | 363494 | July 24, 2020 | 12-STABLE after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 10.0.1 release.
1201521 | 363790 | August 3, 2020 | 12-STABLE after implementing the `array_size()` function in the LinuxKPI.
1201522 | 363832 | August 4, 2020 | 12-STABLE after adding sysctlbyname system call.
1201523 | 364390 | August 19, 2020 | 12-STABLE after change to clone the task struct fields related to RCU.
1201524 | 365356 | September 5, 2020 | 12-STABLE after splitting XDR off into a separate kernel module, to minimize ZFS dependencies.
1201525 | 365471 | September 8, 2020 | 12-STABLE after adding atomic and bswap functions to libcompiler_rt.
1201526 | 365608 | September 10, 2020 | 12-STABLE after updating net80211 and kernel privilege checking API changes.
1202000 | 365618 | September 11, 2020 | releng/12.2 branched from stable/12@r365618.
1202500 | 365619 | September 11, 2020 | 12-STABLE after branching releng/12.2.
1202501 | 365661 | September 12, 2020 | 12-STABLE after followup commits to libcompiler_rt.
1202502 | 365816 | September 16, 2020 | 12-STABLE after fixing crunchgen(1) application build with `WARNS=6`.
1202503 | 366878 | October 20, 2020 | 12-STABLE after populating the acquire context field of a `ww_mutex` in the LinuxKPI.
1202504 | 367511 | November 9, 2020 | 12-STABLE after the addition of ptsname_r(3).
1202505 | f3d75bed5475 | December 28, 2020 | 12-STABLE after improving handling of alternate settings in the USB stack.
1202506 | d36cc12ddfe3 | April 30, 2021 | 12-STABLE after changing the internal KAPI between the krpc and NFS.
1202507 | 1e279fe9deae | May 10, 2021 | 12-STABLE after changing the internal KAPI between the nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules.

### 18.4. FreeBSD 11 Versions

表 55. FreeBSD 11 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
1100000 | 256284 | October 10, 2013 | 11.0-CURRENT.
1100001 | 256776 | October 19, 2013 | 11.0-CURRENT after addition of support for "first boot" rc.d scripts, so ports can make use of this.
1100002 | 257696 | November 5, 2013 | 11.0-CURRENT after dropping support for historic ioctls.
1100003 | 258284 | November 17, 2013 | 11.0-CURRENT after iconv changes.
1100004 | 259424 | December 15, 2013 | 11.0-CURRENT after the behavior change of `gss_pseudo_random` introduced in 259286.
1100005 | 260010 | December 28, 2013 | 11.0-CURRENT after 259951 - Do not coalesce entries in vm_map_stack(9).
1100006 | 261246 | January 28, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after upgrades of libelf and libdwarf.
1100007 | 261283 | January 30, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after upgrade of libc++ to 3.4 release.
1100008 | 261881 | February 14, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after libc++ 3.4 ABI compatibility fix.
1100009 | 261991 | February 16, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after upgrade of llvm/clang to 3.4 release.
1100010 | 262630 | February 28, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after upgrade of ncurses to 5.9 release (rev 262629).
1100011 | 263102 | March 13, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after ABI change in struct if_data.
1100012 | 263140 | March 14, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of Novell IPX protocol support.
1100013 | 263152 | March 14, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of AppleTalk protocol support.
1100014 | 263235 | March 16, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after renaming <sys/capability.h> to <sys/capsicum.h> to avoid a clash with similarly named headers in other operating systems. A compatibility header is left in place to limit build breakage, but will be deprecated in due course.
1100015 | 263620 | March 22, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after `cnt` rename to `vm_cnt`.
1100016 | 263660 | March 23, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after addition of `armv6hf TARGET_ARCH`.
1100017 | 264121 | April 4, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after GCC support for `__block` definition.
1100018 | 264212 | April 6, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after support for UDP-Lite protocol (RFC 3828).
1100019 | 264289 | April 8, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after FreeBSD-SA-14:06.openssl (rev 264265).
1100020 | 265215 | May 1, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after removing lindev in favor of having /dev/full by default (rev 265212).
1100021 | 266151 | May 6, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after src.opts.mk changes, decoupling make.conf(5) from `buildworld` (rev 265419).
1100022 | 266904 | May 30, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after changes to strcasecmp(3), moving strcasecmp_l(3) and strncasecmp_l(3) from <string.h> to <strings.h> for POSIX 2008 compliance (rev 266865).
1100023 | 267440 | June 13, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after the CUSE library and kernel module have been attached to the build by default.
1100024 | 267992 | June 27, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after sysctl(3) API change.
1100025 | 268066 | June 30, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after regex(3) library update to add ">" and "<" delimiters.
1100026 | 268118 | July 1, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after the internal interface between the NFS modules, including the krpc, was changed by (rev 268115).
1100027 | 268441 | July 8, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after FreeBSD-SA-14:17.kmem (rev 268431).
1100028 | 268945 | July 21, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after hdestroy(3) compliance fix changed ABI.
1100029 | 270173 | August 3, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after `SOCK_DGRAM` bug fix (rev 269489).
1100030 | 270929 | September 1, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after `SOCK_RAW` sockets were changed to not modify packets at all.
1100031 | 271341 | September 9, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after FreeBSD-SA-14:18.openssl (rev 269686).
1100032 | 271438 | September 11, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after API changes to `ifa_ifwithbroadaddr`, `ifa_ifwithdstaddr`, `ifa_ifwithnet`, and `ifa_ifwithroute`.
1100033 | 271657 | September 9, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after changing `access`, `eaccess`, and `faccessat` to validate the mode argument.
1100034 | 271686 | September 16, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after FreeBSD-SA-14:19.tcp (rev 271666).
1100035 | 271705 | September 17, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after i915 HW context support.
1100036 | 271724 | September 17, 2014 | Version bump to have ABI note distinguish binaries ready for strict mmap(2) flags checking (rev 271724).
1100037 | 272674 | October 6, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after addition of explicit_bzero(3) (rev 272673).
1100038 | 272951 | October 11, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after cleanup of TCP wrapper headers.
1100039 | 273250 | October 18, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of `MAP_RENAME` and `MAP_NORESERVE`.
1100040 | 273432 | October 21, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after FreeBSD-SA-14:23 (rev 273146).
1100041 | 273875 | October 30, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after API changes to `syscall_register`, `syscall32_register`, `syscall_register_helper` and `syscall32_register_helper` (rev 273707).
1100042 | 274046 | November 3, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after a change to `struct tcpcb`.
1100043 | 274085 | November 4, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after enabling vt(4) by default.
1100044 | 274116 | November 4, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding new libraries/utilities (dpv and figpar) for data throughput visualization.
1100045 | 274162 | November 4, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after FreeBSD-SA-14:23, FreeBSD-SA-14:24, and FreeBSD-SA-14:25.
1100046 | 274470 | November 13, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after `kern_poll` signature change (rev 274462).
1100047 | 274476 | November 13, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of no-at version of VFS syscalls helpers, like `kern_open`.
1100048 | 275358 | December 1, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after starting the process of removing the use of the deprecated "M_FLOWID" flag from the network code.
1100049 | 275633 | December 9, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after importing an important fix to the LLVM vectorizer, which could lead to buffer overruns in some cases.
1100050 | 275732 | December 12, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding AES-ICM and AES-GCM to OpenCrypto.
1100051 | 276096 | December 23, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after removing old NFS client and server code from the kernel.
1100052 | 276479 | December 31, 2014 | 11.0-CURRENT after upgrade of clang, llvm and lldb to 3.5.0 release.
1100053 | 276781 | January 7, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after MCLGET(9) gained a return value (rev 276750).
1100054 | 277213 | January 15, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after rewrite of callout subsystem.
1100055 | 277528 | January 22, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after reverting callout changes in 277213.
1100056 | 277610 | January 23, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after addition of `futimens` and `utimensat` system calls.
1100057 | 277897 | January 29, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of d_thread_t.
1100058 | 278228 | February 5, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after addition of support for probing the SCSI VPD Extended Inquiry page (0x86).
1100059 | 278442 | February 9, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after import of xz 5.2.0, which added multi-threaded compression and lzma gained libthr dependency (rev 278433).
1100060 | 278846 | February 16, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after forwarding `FBIO_BLANK` to framebuffer clients.
1100061 | 278964 | February 18, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after `CDAI_FLAG_NONE` addition.
1100062 | 279221 | February 23, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after mtio(4) and sa(4) API and ioctl(2) additions.
1100063 | 279728 | March 7, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding mutex support to the `pps_ioctl()` API in the kernel.
1100064 | 279729 | March 7, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding PPS support to USB serial drivers.
1100065 | 280031 | March 15, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after upgrading clang, llvm and lldb to 3.6.0.
1100066 | 280306 | March 20, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of SSLv2 support from OpenSSL.
1100067 | 280630 | March 25, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of SSLv2 support from fetch(1) and fetch(3).
1100068 | 281172 | April 6, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after change to net.inet6.ip6.mif6table sysctl.
1100069 | 281550 | April 15, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of const qualifier from iconv(3).
1100070 | 281613 | April 16, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after moving ALTQ from contrib to net/altq.
1100071 | 282256 | April 29, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after API/ABI change to smb(4) (rev 281985).
1100072 | 282319 | May 1, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding reallocarray(3) in libc (rev 282314).
1100073 | 282650 | May 8, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after extending the maximum number of allowed PCM channels in a PCM stream to 127 and decreasing the maximum number of sub-channels to 1.
1100074 | 283526 | May 25, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding preliminary support for x86-64 Linux binaries (rev 283424), and upgrading clang and llvm to 3.6.1.
1100075 | 283623 | May 27, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after `dounmount()` requiring a reference on the passed struct mount (rev 283602).
1100076 | 283983 | June 4, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after disabled generation of legacy formatted password databases entries by default.
1100077 | 284233 | June 10, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after API changes to `lim_cur`, `lim_max`, and `lim_rlimit` (rev 284215).
1100078 | 286672 | August 12, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after crunchgen(1) changes from 284356 to 285986.
1100079 | 286874 | August 18, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after import of jemalloc 4.0.0 (rev 286866).
1100080 | 288943 | October 5, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after upgrading clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 3.7.0.
1100081 | 289415 | October 16, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after undating ZFS to support resumable send/receive (rev 289362).
1100082 | 289594 | October 19, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after Linux KPI updates.
1100083 | 289749 | October 22, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after renaming linuxapi.ko to linuxkpi.ko.
1100084 | 290135 | October 29, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after moving the LinuxKPI module into the default kernel build.
1100085 | 290207 | October 30, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after import of OpenSSL 1.0.2d.
1100086 | 290275 | November 2, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after making figpar(3) macros more unique.
1100087 | 290479 | November 7, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after changing sysctl_add_oid(9)'s ABI.
1100088 | 290495 | November 7, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after string collation and locales rework.
1100089 | 290505 | November 7, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after API change to sysctl_add_oid(9) (rev 290475).
1100090 | 290715 | November 10, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after API change to callout_stop macro; (rev 290664).
1100091 | 291537 | November 30, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after changing the interface between the nfsd.ko and nfscommon.ko modules in 291527.
1100092 | 292499 | December 19, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of vm_pageout_grow_cache (rev 292469).
1100093 | 292966 | December 30, 2015 | 11.0-CURRENT after removal of sys/crypto/sha2.h (rev 292782).
1100094 | 294086 | January 15, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after LinuxKPI PCI changes (rev 294086).
1100095 | 294327 | January 19, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after LRO optimizations.
1100096 | 294505 | January 21, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after LinuxKPI idr_* additions.
1100097 | 294860 | January 26, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after API change to dpv(3).
1100098 | 295682 | February 16, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after API change to rman (rev 294883).
1100099 | 295739 | February 18, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after allowing drivers to set the TCP ACK/data segment aggregation limit.
1100100 | 296136 | February 26, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after bus_alloc_resource_any(9) API addition.
1100101 | 296417 | March 5, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after upgrading our copies of clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt to 3.8.0 release.
1100102 | 296749 | March 12, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after libelf cross-endian fix in rev 296685.
1100103 | 297000 | March 18, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after using uintmax_t for rman ranges.
1100104 | 297156 | March 21, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after tracking filemon usage via a proc.p_filemon pointer rather than its own lists.
1100105 | 297602 | April 6, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after fixing sed functions `i` and `a` from discarding leading white space.
1100106 | 298486 | April 22, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after fixes for using IPv6 addresses with RDMA.
1100107 | 299090 | May 4, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after improving performance and functionality of the bitstring(3) api.
1100108 | 299530 | May 12, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after fixing handling of IOCTLs in the LinuxKPI.
1100109 | 299933 | May 16, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after implementing more Linux device related functions in the LinuxKPI.
1100110 | 300207 | May 19, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding support for managing Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) drives.
1100111 | 300303 | May 20, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after removing brk and sbrk from arm64.
1100112 | 300539 | May 23, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding bit_count to the bitstring(3) API.
1100113 | 300701 | May 26, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after disabling alignment faults on armv6.
1100114 | 300806 | May 26, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after fixing crunchgen(1) usage with `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX`.
1100115 | 300982 | May 30, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding an mbuf flag for `M_HASHTYPE_`.
1100116 | 301011 | May 31, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after SHA-512t256 (rev 300903) and Skein (rev 300966) where added to libmd, libcrypt, the kernel, and ZFS (rev 301010).
1100117 | 301892 | June 6, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after libpam was synced with stock 301602, bumping library version.
1100118 | 302071 | June 21, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after breaking binary compatibility of struct disk 302069.
1100119 | 302150 | June 23, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after switching geom_disk to using a pool mutex.
1100120 | 302153 | June 23, 2016 | 11.0-CURRENT after adding spares to struct ifnet.
1100121 | 303979 | August 12, 2015 | 11-STABLE after `releng/11.0` branched from 11-STABLE (rev 303975).
1100500 | 303979 | August 12, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE adding branched 303976.
1100501 | 304609 | August 22, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE after adding C++11 thread_local support.
1100502 | 304865 | August 26, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE after `LC_*_MASK` fix.
1100503 | 305733 | September 12, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE after resolving a deadlock between `device_detach()` and usbd_do_request_flags(9).
1100504 | 307330 | October 14, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE after ZFS merges.
1100505 | 307590 | October 19, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE after `struct fb_info` change.
1100506 | 308048 | October 28, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE after installing header files required development with libzfs_core.
1100507 | 310120 | December 15, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE after adding the `ki_moretdname` member to `struct kinfo_proc` and `struct kinfo_proc32` to export the whole thread name to user-space utilities.
1100508 | 310618 | December 26, 2016 | 11.0-STABLE after upgrading our copies of clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 3.9.1 release, and adding lld 3.9.1.
1100509 | 311186 | January 3, 2017 | 11.0-STABLE after crunchgen(1) META_MODE fix (rev 311185).
1100510 | 315312 | March 15, 2017 | 11.0-STABLE after MFC of `fget_cap`, `getsock_cap`, and related changes.
1100511 | 316423 | April 2, 2017 | 11.0-STABLE after multiple MFCs updating clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ to 4.0.0 release.
1100512 | 316498 | April 4, 2017 | 11.0-STABLE after making CAM SIM lock optional (revs 315673, 315674).
1100513 | 318197 | May 11, 2017 | 11.0-STABLE after merging the addition of the <dev/mmc/mmc_ioctl.h> header.
1100514 | 319279 | May 31, 2017 | 11.0-STABLE after multiple MFCs of `libpcap`, `WITHOUT_INET6`, and a few other minor changes.
1101000 | 320486 | June 30, 2017 | `releng/11.1` branched from `stable/11`.
1101001 | 320763 | June 30, 2017 | 11.1-RC1 After merging the `MAP_GUARD` mmap(2) flag addition.
1101500 | 320487 | June 30, 2017 | 11-STABLE after `releng/11.1` branched.
1101501 | 320666 | July 5, 2017 | 11-STABLE after merging the `MAP_GUARD` mmap(2) flag addition.
1101502 | 321688 | July 29, 2017 | 11-STABLE after merging the NFS client forced dismount support `umount -N` addition.
1101503 | 323431 | September 11, 2017 | 11-STABLE after merging changes making the WRFSBASE instruction operational on amd64.
1101504 | 324006 | September 26, 2017 | 11-STABLE after merging libm from head, which adds cacoshl(3), cacosl(3), casinhl(3), casinl(3), catanl(3), catanhl(3), sincos(3), sincosf(3), and sincosl(3).
1101505 | 324023 | September 26, 2017 | 11-STABLE after merging clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ 5.0.0 release.
1101506 | 325003 | October 25, 2017 | 11-STABLE after merging 324281, adding the `value.u16` field to `struct diocgattr_arg`.
1101507 | 328379 | January 24, 2018 | 11-STABLE after merging 325028, fixing `ptrace()` to always clear the correct thread event when resuming.
1101508 | 328386 | January 24, 2018 | 11-STABLE after merging 316648, renaming `smp_no_rendevous_barrier()` to `smp_no_rendezvous_barrier()`.
1101509 | 328653 | February 1, 2018 | 11-STABLE after an overwrite merge backport of the LinuxKPI from FreeBSD-head.
1101510 | 329450 | February 17, 2018 | 11-STABLE after the `cmpxchg()` macro is now fully functional in the LinuxKPI.
1101511 | 329981 | February 25, 2018 | 11-STABLE after concluding the recent LinuxKPI related updates.
1101512 | 331219 | March 19, 2018 | 11-STABLE after merging retpoline support from the upstream llvm, clang and lld 5.0 branches.
1101513 | 331838 | March 31, 2018 | 11-STABLE after merging clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ 6.0.0 release, and several follow-up fixes.
1101514 | 332089 | April 5, 2018 | 11-STABLE after merging 328331, adding a new and incompatible interpretation of ${name}_limits in rc scripts.
1101515 | 332363 | April 10, 2018 | 11-STABLE after reverting 331880, removing the new and incompatible interpretation of ${name}_limits in rc scripts.
1101516 | 334392 | May 30, 2018 | 11-STABLE after dwatch(1) touch-ups.
1102000 | 334459 | June 1, 2018 | `releng/11.2` branched from `stable/11`.
1102500 | 334461 | June 1, 2018 | 11-STABLE after releng/11.2 branched.
1102501 | 335436 | June 20, 2018 | 11-STABLE after LinuxKPI updates requiring recompilation of external kernel modules.
1102502 | 338617 | September 12, 2018 | 11-STABLE after adding a socket option SO_TS_CLOCK and fixing `recvmsg32()` system call to properly down-convert layout of the 64-bit structures to match what 32-bit app(s) expect.
1102503 | 338931 | September 25, 2018 | 11-STABLE after merging a TCP checksum fix to iflib(9) and adding new media types to if_media.h
1102504 | 340309 | November 9, 2018 | 11-STABLE after several MFCs: updating objcopy(1) to properly handle little-endian MIPS64 object; correcting mips64el test to use ELF header; adding test for 64-bit ELF in _libelf_is_mips64el.
1102505 | 342804 | January 6, 2019 | 11-STABLE after merge of fixing `linux_destroy_dev()` behaviour when there are still files open from the destroying cdev.
1102506 | 344220 | February 17, 2019 | 11-STABLE after merging multiple commits to lualoader.
1102507 | 346296 | April 16, 2019 | 11-STABLE after merging llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp 8.0.0 final release r356365.
1102508 | 346784 | April 27, 2019 | 11-STABLE after ether_gen_addr availability.
1102509 | 347212 | May 6, 2019 | 11-STABLE after MFC of 345303, 345658, and partially of 345305.
1102510 | 347883 | May 16, 2019 | 11-STABLE after bumping the Mellanox driver version numbers (mlx4en(4); mlx5en(4)).
1103000 | 349026 | June 14, 2019 | `releng/11.3` branched from `stable/11`.
1103500 | 349027 | June 14, 2019 | 11-STABLE after releng/11.3 branched.
1103501 | 354598 | November 10, 2019 | 11-STABLE after fixing a potential OOB read security issue in libc++.
1103502 | 354614 | November 11, 2019 | 11-STABLE after adding sysfs create/remove functions that handles multiple files in one call to the LinuxKPI.
1103503 | 354615 | November 11, 2019 | 11-STABLE after LinuxKPI sysfs improvements.
1103504 | 354616 | November 11, 2019 | 11-STABLE after enabling device class group attributes in the LinuxKPI.
1103505 | 355899 | December 19, 2019 | 11-STABLE after adding sigsetop extensions commonly found in musl libc and glibc.
1103506 | 356395 | January 6, 2020 | 11-STABLE after making USB statistics be per-device instead of per bus.
1103507 | 356680 | January 13, 2020 | 11-STABLE after adding own counter for cancelled USB transfers.
1103508 | 357613 | February 6, 2020 | 11-STABLE after recent LinuxKPI changes.
1103509 | 359958 | April 15, 2020 | 11-STABLE after moving `id_mapped` to end of `bus_dma_impl` structure to preserve KPI.
1103510 | 360658 | May 5, 2020 | 11-STABLE after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 9.0.0 final release r372316.
1103511 | 360784 | May 7, 2020 | 11-STABLE after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 10.0.0 release.
1104000 | 360804 | May 8, 2020 | `releng/11.4` branched from `stable/11`.
1104001 | 360822 | May 8, 2020 | 11.4-BETA1 after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 10.0.0 release.
1104500 | 360805 | May 8, 2020 | 11-STABLE after releng/11.4 branched.
1104501 | 362320 | June 18, 2020 | 11-STABLE after implementing `__is_constexpr()` function macro in the LinuxKPI.
1104502 | 362919 | July 4, 2020 | 11-STABLE after making liblzma use libmd implementation of SHA256.
1104503 | 363496 | July 24, 2020 | 11-STABLE after updating llvm, clang, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind, lld, lldb and openmp to 10.0.1 release.
1104504 | 363792 | August 3, 2020 | 11-STABLE after implementing the `array_size()` function in the LinuxKPI.
1104505 | 364391 | August 19, 2020 | 11-STABLE after change to clone the task struct fields related to RCU.
1104506 | 365471 | September 8, 2020 | 11-STABLE after adding atomic and bswap functions to libcompiler_rt.
1104507 | 365661 | September 12, 2020 | 11-STABLE after followup commits to libcompiler_rt.
1104508 | 366879 | October 20, 2020 | 11-STABLE after populating the acquire context field of a `ww_mutex` in the LinuxKPI.
1104509 | 366889 | October 20, 2020 | 11-STABLE after additions to LinuxKPI’s `RCU` list.
1104510 | 367513 | November 9, 2020 | 11-STABLE after the addition of `ptsname_r`.

### 18.5. FreeBSD 10 Versions

表 56. FreeBSD 10 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
1000000 | 225757 | September 26, 2011 | 10.0-CURRENT.
1000001 | 227070 | November 4, 2011 | 10-CURRENT after addition of the posix_fadvise(2) system call.
1000002 | 228444 | December 12, 2011 | 10-CURRENT after defining boolean true/false in sys/types.h, sizeof(bool) may have changed (rev 228444). 10-CURRENT after xlocale.h was introduced (rev 227753).
1000003 | 228571 | December 16, 2011 | 10-CURRENT after major changes to carp(4), changing size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq (rev 228571) and straitening arguments check of SIOCAIFADDR (rev 228574).
1000004 | 229204 | January 1, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after the removal of `skpc()` and the addition of memcchr(9) (rev 229200).
1000005 | 230207 | January 16, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after the removal of support for SIOCSIFADDR, SIOCSIFNETMASK, SIOCSIFBRDADDR, SIOCSIFDSTADDR ioctls.
1000006 | 230590 | January 26, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after introduction of read capacity data asynchronous notification in the cam(4) layer.
1000007 | 231025 | February 5, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after introduction of new tcp(4) socket options: TCP_KEEPINIT, TCP_KEEPIDLE, TCP_KEEPINTVL, and TCP_KEEPCNT.
1000008 | 231505 | February 11, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after introduction of the new extensible sysctl(3) interface NET_RT_IFLISTL to query address lists.
1000009 | 232154 | February 25, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after import of libarchive 3.0.3 (rev 232153).
1000010 | 233757 | March 31, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after xlocale cleanup.
1000011 | 234355 | April 16, 2012 | 10-CURRENT import of LLVM/Clang 3.1 trunk 154661 (rev 234353).
1000012 | 234924 | May 2, 2012 | 10-CURRENT jemalloc import.
1000013 | 235788 | May 22, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after byacc import.
1000014 | 237631 | June 27, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after BSD sort becoming the default sort (rev 237629).
1000015 | 238405 | July 12, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after import of OpenSSL 1.0.1c.
(not changed) | 238429 | July 13, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after the fix for LLVM/Clang 3.1 regression.
1000016 | 239179 | August 8, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after KBI change in ucom(4).
1000017 | 239214 | August 8, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after adding streams feature to the USB stack.
1000018 | 240233 | September 8, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after major rewrite of pf(4).
1000019 | 241245 | October 6, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after pfil(9) KBI/KPI changed to supply packets in net byte order to AF_INET filter hooks.
1000020 | 241610 | October 16, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after the network interface cloning KPI changed and struct if_clone becoming opaque.
1000021 | 241897 | October 22, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after removal of support for non-MPSAFE filesystems and addition of support for FUSEFS (rev 241519).
1000022 | 241913 | October 22, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after the entire IPv4 stack switched to network byte order for IP packet header storage.
1000023 | 242619 | November 5, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after jitter buffer in the common USB serial driver code, to temporarily store characters if the TTY buffer is full. Add flow stop and start signals when this happens.
1000024 | 242624 | November 5, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after clang was made the default compiler on i386 and amd64.
1000025 | 243443 | November 17, 2012 | 10-CURRENT after the sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 was changed to being filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1000026 | 245313 | January 11, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after install gained the -N flag. May also be used to indicate the presence of nmtree.
1000027 | 246084 | January 29, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after cat gained the -l flag (rev 246083).
1000028 | 246759 | February 13, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after USB moved to the driver structure requiring a rebuild of all USB modules.
1000029 | 247821 | March 4, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after the introduction of tickless callout facility which also changed the layout of struct callout (rev 247777).
1000030 | 248210 | March 12, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after KPI breakage introduced in the VM subsystem to support read/write locking (rev 248084).
1000031 | 249943 | April 26, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after the dst parameter of the ifnet `if_output` method was changed to take const qualifier (rev 249925).
1000032 | 250163 | May 1, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after the introduction of the accept4(2) (rev 250154) and pipe2(2) (rev 250159) system calls.
1000033 | 250881 | May 21, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after flex 2.5.37 import.
1000034 | 251294 | June 3, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after the addition of these functions to libm: cacos(3), cacosf(3), cacosh(3), cacoshf(3), casin(3), casinf(3), casinh(3), casinhf(3), catan(3), catanf(3), catanh(3), catanhf(3), logl(3), log2l(3), log10l(3), log1pl(3), expm1l(3).
1000035 | 251527 | June 8, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after the introduction of the aio_mlock(2) system call (rev 251526).
1000036 | 253049 | July 9, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after the addition of a new function to the kernel GSSAPI module’s function call interface.
1000037 | 253089 | July 9, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after the migration of statistics structures to PCPU counters. Changed structures include: `ahstat`, `arpstat`, `espstat`, `icmp6_ifstat`, `icmp6stat`, `in6_ifstat`, `ip6stat`, `ipcompstat`, `ipipstat`, `ipsecstat`, `mrt6stat`, `mrtstat`, `pfkeystat`, `pim6stat`, `pimstat`, `rip6stat`, `udpstat` (rev 253081).
1000038 | 253396 | July 16, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after making `ARM EABI` the default ABI on arm, armeb, armv6, and armv6eb architectures.
1000039 | 253549 | July 22, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after `CAM` and mps(4) driver scanning changes.
1000040 | 253638 | July 24, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after addition of libusb pkgconf files.
1000041 | 253970 | August 5, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after change from `time_second` to `time_uptime` in `PF_INET6`.
1000042 | 254138 | August 9, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after VM subsystem change to unify soft and hard busy mechanisms.
1000043 | 254273 | August 13, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after `WITH_ICONV` is enabled by default. A new src.conf(5) option, `WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT` (disabled by default) adds `libiconv_open` to provide compatibility with the converters/libiconv port.
1000044 | 254358 | August 15, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after libc.so conversion to an ld(1) script (rev 251668).
1000045 | 254389 | August 15, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after devfs programming interface change by replacing the cdevsw flag `D_UNMAPPED_IO` with the struct cdev flag `SI_UNMAPPED`.
1000046 | 254537 | August 19, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after addition of `M_PROTO[9-12]` and removal of `M_FRAG|M_FIRSTFRAG|M_LASTFRAG` mbuf flags (rev 254524, 254526).
1000047 | 254627 | August 21, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after stat(2) update to allow storing some Windows/DOS and CIFS file attributes as stat(2) flags.
1000048 | 254672 | August 22, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after modification of structure `xsctp_inpcb`.
1000049 | 254760 | August 24, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after physio(9) support for devices that do not function properly with split I/O, such as sa(4).
1000050 | 254844 | August 24, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after modifications of structure `mbuf` (rev 254780, 254799, 254804, 254807 254842).
1000051 | 254887 | August 25, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after Radeon KMS driver import (rev 254885).
1000052 | 255180 | September 3, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after import of NetBSD `libexecinfo` is connected to the build.
1000053 | 255305 | September 6, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after API and ABI changes to the Capsicum framework.
1000054 | 255321 | September 6, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after `gcc` and `libstdc++` are no longer built by default.
1000055 | 255449 | September 6, 2013 | 10-CURRENT after addition of `MMAP_32BIT` mmap(2) flag (rev 255426).
1000100 | 259065 | December 7, 2013 | `releng/10.0` branched from `stable/10`.
1000500 | 256283 | October 10, 2013 | 10-STABLE after branch from `head/`.
1000501 | 256916 | October 22, 2013 | 10-STABLE after addition of first-boot rc(8) support.
1000502 | 258398 | November 20, 2013 | 10-STABLE after removal of iconv symbols from `libc.so.7`.
1000510 | 259067 | December 7, 2013 | `releng/10.0` __FreeBSD_version update to prevent the value from going backwards.
1000700 | 259069 | December 7, 2013 | 10-STABLE after `releng/10.0` branch.
1000701 | 259447 | December 15, 2013 | 10.0-STABLE after Heimdal encoding fix.
1000702 | 260135 | December 31, 2013 | 10-STABLE after MAP_STACK fixes.
1000703 | 262801 | March 5, 2014 | 10-STABLE after upgrade of libc++ to 3.4 release.
1000704 | 262889 | March 7, 2014 | 10-STABLE after MFC of the vt(4) driver (rev 262861).
1000705 | 263508 | March 21, 2014 | 10-STABLE after upgrade of llvm/clang to 3.4 release.
1000706 | 264214 | April 6, 2014 | 10-STABLE after GCC support for `__block` definition.
1000707 | 264289 | April 8, 2014 | 10-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:06.openssl.
1000708 | 265122 | April 30, 2014 | 10-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:07.devfs, FreeBSD-SA-14:08.tcp, and FreeBSD-SA-14:09.openssl.
1000709 | 265946 | May 13, 2014 | 10-STABLE after support for UDP-Lite protocol (RFC 3828).
1000710 | 267465 | June 13, 2014 | 10-STABLE after changes to strcasecmp(3), moving strcasecmp_l(3) and strncasecmp_l(3) from <string.h> to <strings.h> for POSIX 2008 compliance.
1000711 | 268442 | July 8, 2014 | 10-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:17.kmem (rev 268432).
1000712 | 269400 | August 1, 2014 | 10-STABLE after nfsd(8) 4.1 merge (rev 269398).
1000713 | 269484 | August 3, 2014 | 10-STABLE after regex(3) library update to add ">" and "<" delimiters.
1000714 | 270174 | August 3, 2014 | 10-STABLE after `SOCK_DGRAM` bug fix (rev 269490).
1000715 | 271341 | September 9, 2014 | 10-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:18 (rev 269686).
1000716 | 271686 | September 16, 2014 | 10-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:19 (rev 271667).
1000717 | 271816 | September 18, 2014 | 10-STABLE after i915 HW context support.
1001000 | 272463 | October 2, 2014 | 10.1-RC1 after releng/10.1 branch.
1001500 | 272464 | October 2, 2014 | 10-STABLE after releng/10.1 branch.
1001501 | 273432 | October 21, 2014 | 10-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:20, FreeBSD-SA-14:22, and FreeBSD-SA-14:23 (rev 273411).
1001502 | 274162 | November 4, 2014 | 10-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:23, FreeBSD-SA-14:24, and FreeBSD-SA-14:25.
1001503 | 275040 | November 25, 2014 | 10-STABLE after merging new libraries/utilities (dpv(1) dpv(3), and figpar(3)) for data throughput visualization.
1001504 | 275742 | December 13, 2014 | 10-STABLE after merging an important fix to the LLVM vectorizer, which could lead to buffer overruns in some cases.
1001505 | 276633 | January 3, 2015 | 10-STABLE after merging some arm constants in 276312.
1001506 | 277087 | January 12, 2015 | 10-STABLE after merging max table size update for yacc.
1001507 | 277790 | January 27, 2015 | 10-STABLE after changes to the UDP tunneling callback to provide a context pointer and the source sockaddr.
1001508 | 278974 | February 18, 2015 | 10-STABLE after addition of the `CDAI_TYPE_EXT_INQ` request type.
1001509 | 279287 | February 25, 2015 | 10-STABLE after FreeBSD-EN-15:01.vt, FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl, FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update, FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp, and FreeBSD-SA-15:05.bind.
1001510 | 279329 | February 26, 2015 | 10-STABLE after MFC of rev 278964.
1001511 | 280246 | 19 March, 2015 | 10-STABLE after sys/capability.h is renamed to sys/capsicum.h (rev 280224/).
1001512 | 280438 | 24 March, 2015 | 10-STABLE after addition of new mtio(4), sa(4) ioctls.
1001513 | 281955 | 24 April, 2015 | 10-STABLE after starting the process of removing the use of the deprecated "M_FLOWID" flag from the network code.
1001514 | 282275 | April 30, 2015 | 10-STABLE after MFC of iconv(3) fixes.
1001515 | 282781 | May 11, 2015 | 10-STABLE after adding back `M_FLOWID`.
1001516 | 283341 | May 24, 2015 | 10-STABLE after MFC of many USB things.
1001517 | 283950 | June 3, 2015 | 10-STABLE after MFC of sound related things.
1001518 | 284204 | June 10, 2015 | 10-STABLE after MFC of zfs vfs fixes (rev 284203).
1001519 | 284720 | June 23, 2015 | 10-STABLE after reverting bumping `MAXCPU` on amd64.
1002000 | 285830 | 24 July, 2015 | `releng/10.2` branched from 10-STABLE.
1002500 | 285831 | 24 July, 2015 | 10-STABLE after `releng/10.2` branched from 10-STABLE.
1002501 | 289005 | 8 October, 2015 | 10-STABLE after merge of ZFS changes that affected the internal interface of zfeature_info structure (rev 288572).
1002502 | 291243 | 24 November, 2015 | 10-STABLE after merge of dump device changes that affected the arguments of `g_dev_setdumpdev()`(rev 291215).
1002503 | 292224 | 14 December, 2015 | 10-STABLE after merge of changes to the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, requiring them to be upgraded together (rev 292223).
1002504 | 292589 | 22 December, 2015 | 10-STABLE after merge of xz 5.2.2 merge (multithread support) (rev 292588).
1002505 | 292908 | 30 December, 2015 | 10-STABLE after merge of changes to pci(4) (rev 292907).
1002506 | 293476 | 9 January, 2016 | 10-STABLE after merge of utimensat(2) (rev 293473).
1002507 | 293610 | 9 January, 2016 | 10-STABLE after merge of changes to linux(4) (rev 293477 through 293609).
1002508 | 293619 | 9 January, 2016 | 10-STABLE after merge of changes to figpar(3) types/macros (rev 290275).
1002509 | 295107 | 1 February, 2016 | 10-STABLE after merge of API change to dpv(3).
1003000 | 296373 | 4 March, 2016 | `releng/10.3` branched from 10-STABLE.
1003500 | 296374 | 4 March, 2016 | 10-STABLE after `releng/10.3` branched from 10-STABLE.
1003501 | 298299 | 19 June, 2016 | 10-STABLE after adding kdbcontrol’s -P option (rev 298297).
1003502 | 299966 | 19 June, 2016 | 10-STABLE after libcrypto.so was made position independent.
1003503 | 300235 | 19 June, 2016 | 10-STABLE after allowing MK_ overrides (rev 300233).
1003504 | 302066 | 21 June, 2016 | 10-STABLE after MFC of filemon changes from 11-CURRENT.
1003505 | 302228 | 27 June, 2016 | 10-STABLE after converting sed to use REG_STARTEND, fixing a Mesa issue.
1003506 | 304611 | August 22, 2016 | 10-STABLE after adding C++11 thread_local support.
1003507 | 304864 | August 26, 2016 | 10-STABLE after `LC_*_MASK` fix.
1003508 | 305734 | September 12, 2016 | 10-STABLE after resolving a deadlock between `device_detach()` and usbd_do_request_flags(9).
1003509 | 307331 | October 14, 2016 | 10-STABLE after ZFS merges.
1003510 | 308047 | October 28, 2016 | 10-STABLE after installing header files required development with libzfs_core.
1003511 | 310121 | December 15, 2016 | 10-STABLE after exporting whole thread name in `kinfo_proc` (rev 309676).
1003512 | 315730 | March 22, 2017 | 10-STABLE after libmd changes (rev 314143).
1003513 | 316499 | April 4, 2017 | 10-STABLE after making CAM SIM lock optional (revs 315673, 315674).
1003514 | 318198 | May 11, 2017 | 10-STABLE after merging the addition of the <dev/mmc/mmc_ioctl.h> header.
1003515 | 321222 | July 19, 2017 | 10-STABLE after adding C14 sized deallocation functions to libc.
1003516 | 321717 | July 30, 2017 | 10-STABLE after merging the `MAP_GUARD` mmap(2) flag addition.
1004000 | 323604 | September 15, 2017 | `releng/10.4` branched from 10-STABLE.
1004500 | 323605 | September 15, 2017 | 10-STABLE after `releng/10.4` branched from 10-STABLE.
1004501 | 328379 | January 24, 2018 | 10-STABLE after merging 325028, fixing `ptrace()` to always clear the correct thread event when resuming.
1004502 | 356396 | January 6, 2020 | 10-STABLE after making USB statistics be per-device instead of per bus.
1004503 | 356681 | January 13, 2020 | 10-STABLE after adding own counter for cancelled USB transfers.

### 18.6. FreeBSD 9 Versions

表 57. FreeBSD 9 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
900000 | 196432 | August 22, 2009 | 9.0-CURRENT.
900001 | 197019 | September 8, 2009 | 9.0-CURRENT after importing x86emu, a software emulator for real mode x86 CPU from OpenBSD.
900002 | 197430 | September 23, 2009 | 9.0-CURRENT after implementing the EVFILT_USER kevent filter functionality.
900003 | 200039 | December 2, 2009 | 9.0-CURRENT after addition of sigpause(2) and PIE support in csu.
900004 | 200185 | December 6, 2009 | 9.0-CURRENT after addition of libulog and its libutempter compatibility interface.
900005 | 200447 | December 12, 2009 | 9.0-CURRENT after addition of sleepq_sleepcnt(9), which can be used to query the number of waiters on a specific waiting queue.
900006 | 201513 | January 4, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after change of the scandir(3) and alphasort(3) prototypes to conform to SUSv4.
900007 | 202219 | January 13, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the removal of utmp(5) and the addition of utmpx (see getutxent(3)) for improved logging of user logins and system events.
900008 | 202722 | January 20, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the import of BSDL bc/dc and the deprecation of GNU bc/dc.
900009 | 203052 | January 26, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the addition of SIOCGIFDESCR and SIOCSIFDESCR ioctls to network interfaces. These ioctl can be used to manipulate interface description, as inspired by OpenBSD.
900010 | 205471 | March 22, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the import of zlib 1.2.4.
900011 | 207410 | April 24, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after adding soft-updates journalling.
900012 | 207842 | May 10, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after adding liblzma, xz, xzdec, and lzmainfo.
900013 | 208486 | May 24, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after bringing in USB fixes for linux(4).
900014 | 208973 | June 10, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after adding Clang.
900015 | 210390 | July 22, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the import of BSD grep.
900016 | 210565 | July 28, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after adding mti_zone to struct malloc_type_internal.
900017 | 211701 | August 23, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after changing back default grep to GNU grep and adding WITH_BSD_GREP knob.
900018 | 211735 | August 24, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the pthread_kill(3) -generated signal is identified as SI_LWP in si_code. Previously, si_code was SI_USER.
900019 | 211937 | August 28, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after addition of the MAP_PREFAULT_READ flag to mmap(2).
900020 | 212381 | September 9, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after adding drain functionality to sbufs, which also changed the layout of struct sbuf.
900021 | 212568 | September 13, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after DTrace has grown support for userland tracing.
900022 | 213395 | October 2, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after addition of the BSDL man utilities and retirement of GNU/GPL man utilities.
900023 | 213700 | October 11, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after updating xz to git 20101010 snapshot.
900024 | 215127 | November 11, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after libgcc.a was replaced by libcompiler_rt.a.
900025 | 215166 | November 12, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the introduction of the modularised congestion control.
900026 | 216088 | November 30, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the introduction of Serial Management Protocol (SMP) passthrough and the XPT_SMP_IO and XPT_GDEV_ADVINFO CAM CCBs.
900027 | 216212 | December 5, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the addition of log2 to libm.
900028 | 216615 | December 21, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the addition of the Hhook (Helper Hook), Khelp (Kernel Helpers) and Object Specific Data (OSD) KPIs.
900029 | 216758 | December 28, 2010 | 9.0-CURRENT after the modification of the TCP stack to allow Khelp modules to interact with it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP control block.
900030 | 217309 | January 12, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after the update of libdialog to version 20100428.
900031 | 218414 | February 7, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after the addition of pthread_getthreadid_np(3).
900032 | 218425 | February 8, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after the removal of the uio_yield prototype and symbol.
900033 | 218822 | February 18, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after the update of binutils to version 2.17.50.
900034 | 219406 | March 8, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after the struct sysvec (sv_schedtail) changes.
900035 | 220150 | March 29, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after the update of base gcc and libstdc++ to the last GPLv2 licensed revision.
900036 | 220770 | April 18, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after the removal of libobjc and Objective-C support from the base system.
900037 | 221862 | May 13, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after importing the libprocstat(3) library and fuser(1) utility to the base system.
900038 | 222167 | May 22, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after adding a lock flag argument to VFS_FHTOVP(9).
900039 | 223637 | June 28, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after importing pf from OpenBSD 4.5.
900040 | 224217 | July 19, 2011 | Increase default MAXCPU for FreeBSD to 64 on amd64 and ia64 and to 128 for XLP (mips).
900041 | 224834 | August 13, 2011 | 9.0-CURRENT after the implementation of Capsicum capabilities; fget(9) gains a rights argument.
900042 | 225350 | August 28, 2011 | Bump shared libraries' version numbers for libraries whose ABI has changed in preparation for 9.0.
900043 | 225350 | September 2, 2011 | Add automatic detection of USB mass storage devices which do not support the no synchronize cache SCSI command.
900044 | 225469 | September 10, 2011 | Re-factor auto-quirk. 9.0-RELEASE.
900045 | 229285 | January 2, 2012 | 9-STABLE after MFC of true/false from 1000002.
900500 | 229318 | January 2, 2012 | 9.0-STABLE.
900501 | 229723 | January 6, 2012 | 9.0-STABLE after merging of addition of the posix_fadvise(2) system call.
900502 | 230237 | January 16, 2012 | 9.0-STABLE after merging gperf 3.0.3
900503 | 231768 | February 15, 2012 | 9.0-STABLE after introduction of the new extensible sysctl(3) interface NET_RT_IFLISTL to query address lists.
900504 | 232728 | March 3, 2012 | 9.0-STABLE after changes related to mounting of filesystem inside a jail.
900505 | 232945 | March 13, 2012 | 9.0-STABLE after introduction of new tcp(4) socket options: TCP_KEEPINIT, TCP_KEEPIDLE, TCP_KEEPINTVL, and TCP_KEEPCNT.
900506 | 235786 | May 22, 2012 | 9.0-STABLE after introduction of the `quick_exit` function and related changes required for C++11.
901000 | 239082 | August 5, 2012 | 9.1-RELEASE.
901500 | 239081 | August 6, 2012 | 9.1-STABLE after branching releng/9.1 (RELENG_9_1).
901501 | 240659 | November 11, 2012 | 9.1-STABLE after LIST_PREV(3) added to queue.h (rev 242893) and KBI change in USB serial devices.
901502 | 243656 | November 28, 2012 | 9.1-STABLE after USB serial jitter buffer requires rebuild of USB serial device modules.
901503 | 247090 | February 21, 2013 | 9.1-STABLE after USB moved to the driver structure requiring a rebuild of all USB modules. Also indicates the presence of nmtree.
901504 | 248338 | March 15, 2013 | 9.1-STABLE after install gained -l, -M, -N and related flags and cat gained the -l option.
901505 | 251687 | June 13, 2013 | 9.1-STABLE after fixes in ctfmerge bootstrapping (rev 249243).
902001 | 253912 | August 3, 2013 | `releng/9.2` branched from `stable/9`.
902501 | 253913 | August 2, 2013 | 9.2-STABLE after creation of `releng/9.2` branch.
902502 | 254938 | August 26, 2013 | 9.2-STABLE after inclusion of the `PIM_RESCAN` CAM path inquiry flag.
902503 | 254979 | August 27, 2013 | 9.2-STABLE after inclusion of the `SI_UNMAPPED` cdev flag.
902504 | 256917 | October 22, 2013 | 9.2-STABLE after inclusion of support for "first boot" rc(8) scripts.
902505 | 259448 | December 12, 2013 | 9.2-STABLE after Heimdal encoding fix.
902506 | 260136 | December 31, 2013 | 9-STABLE after MAP_STACK fixes (rev 260082).
902507 | 262801 | March 5, 2014 | 9-STABLE after upgrade of libc++ to 3.4 release.
902508 | 263171 | March 14, 2014 | 9-STABLE after merge of the Radeon KMS driver (rev 263170).
902509 | 263509 | March 21, 2014 | 9-STABLE after upgrade of llvm/clang to 3.4 release.
902510 | 263818 | March 27, 2014 | 9-STABLE after merge of the vt(4) driver.
902511 | 264289 | March 27, 2014 | 9-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:06.openssl.
902512 | 265123 | April 30, 2014 | 9-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:08.tcp.
903000 | 267656 | June 20, 2014 | 9-RC1 `releng/9.3` branch.
903500 | 267657 | June 20, 2014 | 9.3-STABLE `releng/9.3` branch.
903501 | 268443 | July 8, 2014 | 9-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:17.kmem (rev 268433).
903502 | 270175 | August 19, 2014 | 9-STABLE after `SOCK_DGRAM` bug fix (rev 269789).
903503 | 271341 | September 9, 2014 | 9-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:18 (rev 269687).
903504 | 271686 | September 16, 2014 | 9-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:19 (rev 271668).
903505 | 273432 | October 21, 2014 | 9-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:20, FreeBSD-SA-14:21, and FreeBSD-SA-14:22 (rev 273412).
903506 | 274162 | November 4, 2014 | 9-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:23, FreeBSD-SA-14:24, and FreeBSD-SA-14:25.
903507 | 275742 | December 13, 2014 | 9-STABLE after merging an important fix to the LLVM vectorizer, which could lead to buffer overruns in some cases.
903508 | 279287 | February 25, 2015 | 9-STABLE after FreeBSD-EN-15:01.vt, FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl, FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update, FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp, and FreeBSD-SA-15:05.bind.
903509 | 296219 | February 29, 2016 | 9-STABLE after bumping the default value of `compat.linux.osrelease` to `2.6.18` to support the linux-c6-* ports out of the box.
903510 | 300236 | May 19, 2016 | 9-STABLE after System Binary Interface (SBI) page was moved in latest version of Berkeley Boot Loader (BBL) due to code size increase in 300234.
903511 | 305735 | September 12, 2016 | 9-STABLE after resolving a deadlock between `device_detach()` and usbd_do_request_flags(9).

### 18.7. FreeBSD 8 Versions

表 58. FreeBSD 8 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
800000 | 172531 | October 11, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT. Separating wide and single byte ctype.
800001 | 172688 | October 16, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT after libpcap 0.9.8 and tcpdump 3.9.8 import.
800002 | 172841 | October 21, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT after renaming kthread_create(9) and friends to kproc_create(9) etc.
800003 | 172932 | October 24, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT after ABI backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs was added, which required the ABI of the PCIOCGETCONF IOCTL to be broken again
800004 | 173573 | November 12, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT after agp(4) driver moved from src/sys/pci to src/sys/dev/agp
800005 | 174261 | December 4, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT after changes to the jumbo frame allocator (rev 174247).
800006 | 174399 | December 7, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT after the addition of callgraph capture functionality to hwpmc(4).
800007 | 174901 | December 25, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT after `kdb_enter()` gains a "why" argument.
800008 | 174951 | December 28, 2007 | 8.0-CURRENT after LK_EXCLUPGRADE option removal.
800009 | 175168 | January 9, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after introduction of lockmgr_disown(9)
800010 | 175204 | January 10, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the vn_lock(9) prototype change.
800011 | 175295 | January 13, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the VOP_LOCK(9) and VOP_UNLOCK(9) prototype changes.
800012 | 175487 | January 19, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after introduction of lockmgr_recursed(9), BUF_RECURSED(9) and BUF_ISLOCKED(9) and the removal of `BUF_REFCNT()`.
800013 | 175581 | January 23, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after introduction of the "ASCII" encoding.
800014 | 175636 | January 24, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after changing the prototype of lockmgr(9) and removal of `lockcount()` and `LOCKMGR_ASSERT()`.
800015 | 175688 | January 26, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after extending the types of the fts(3) structures.
800016 | 175872 | February 1, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding an argument to MEXTADD(9)
800017 | 176015 | February 6, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the introduction of LK_NODUP and LK_NOWITNESS options in the lockmgr(9) space.
800018 | 176112 | February 8, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the addition of m_collapse.
800019 | 176124 | February 9, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the addition of current working directory, root directory, and jail directory support to the kern.proc.filedesc sysctl.
800020 | 176251 | February 13, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after introduction of lockmgr_assert(9) and `BUF_ASSERT` functions.
800021 | 176321 | February 15, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after introduction of lockmgr_args(9) and LK_INTERNAL flag removal.
800022 | 176556 | (backed out) | 8.0-CURRENT after changing the default system ar to BSD ar(1).
800023 | 176560 | February 25, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after changing the prototypes of lockstatus(9) and VOP_ISLOCKED(9);, more specifically retiring the `struct thread` argument.
800024 | 176709 | March 1, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after axing out the `lockwaiters` and `BUF_LOCKWAITERS` functions, changing the return value of `brelvp` from void to int and introducing new flags for lockinit(9).
800025 | 176958 | March 8, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding F_DUP2FD command to fcntl(2).
800026 | 177086 | March 12, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after changing the priority parameter to cv_broadcastpri such that 0 means no priority.
800027 | 177551 | March 24, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after changing the bpf monitoring ABI when zerocopy bpf buffers were added.
800028 | 177637 | March 26, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding l_sysid to struct flock.
800029 | 177688 | March 28, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after reintegration of the `BUF_LOCKWAITERS` function and the addition of lockmgr_waiters(9).
800030 | 177844 | April 1, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the introduction of the rw_try_rlock(9) and rw_try_wlock(9) functions.
800031 | 177958 | April 6, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the introduction of the `lockmgr_rw` and `lockmgr_args_rw` functions.
800032 | 178006 | April 8, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the implementation of the openat and related syscalls, introduction of the O_EXEC flag for the open(2), and providing the corresponding linux compatibility syscalls.
800033 | 178017 | April 8, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after added write(2) support for psm(4) in native operation level. Now arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can be read back from it.
800034 | 178051 | April 10, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after introduction of the `memrchr` function.
800035 | 178256 | April 16, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after introduction of the `fdopendir` function.
800036 | 178362 | April 20, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after switchover of 802.11 wireless to multi-bss support (aka vaps).
800037 | 178892 | May 9, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after addition of multi routing table support (aka setfib(1), setfib(2)).
800038 | 179316 | May 26, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after removal of netatm and ISDN4BSD. Also, the addition of the Compact C Type (CTF) tools.
800039 | 179784 | June 14, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after removal of sgtty.
800040 | 180025 | June 26, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT with kernel NFS lockd client.
800041 | 180691 | July 22, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after addition of arc4random_buf(3) and arc4random_uniform(3).
800042 | 181439 | August 8, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after addition of cpuctl(4).
800043 | 181694 | August 13, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after changing bpf(4) to use a single device node, instead of device cloning.
800044 | 181803 | August 17, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the commit of the first step of the vimage project renaming global variables to be virtualized with a V_ prefix with macros to map them back to their global names.
800045 | 181905 | August 20, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the integration of the MPSAFE TTY layer, including changes to various drivers and utilities that interact with it.
800046 | 182869 | September 8, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the separation of the GDT per CPU on amd64 architecture.
800047 | 182905 | September 10, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after removal of VSVTX, VSGID and VSUID.
800048 | 183091 | September 16, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after converting the kernel NFS mount code to accept individual mount options in the nmount(2) iovec, not just one big struct nfs_args.
800049 | 183114 | September 17, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the removal of suser(9) and suser_cred(9).
800050 | 184099 | October 20, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after buffer cache API change.
800051 | 184205 | October 23, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the removal of the MALLOC(9) and FREE(9) macros.
800052 | 184419 | October 28, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the introduction of accmode_t and renaming of VOP_ACCESS 'a_mode' argument to 'a_accmode'.
800053 | 184555 | November 2, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the prototype change of vfs_busy(9) and the introduction of its MBF_NOWAIT and MBF_MNTLSTLOCK flags.
800054 | 185162 | November 22, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the addition of buf_ring, memory barriers and ifnet functions to facilitate multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support them, and a lockless ring-buffer implementation to enable drivers to more efficiently manage queuing of packets.
800055 | 185363 | November 27, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the addition of Intel™ Core, Core2, and Atom support to hwpmc(4).
800056 | 185435 | November 29, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the introduction of multi-/no-IPv4/v6 jails.
800057 | 185522 | December 1, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the switch to the ath hal source code.
800058 | 185968 | December 12, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the introduction of the VOP_VPTOCNP operation.
800059 | 186119 | December 15, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
800060 | 186344 | December 19, 2008 | 8.0-CURRENT after the addition of makefs.
800061 | 187289 | January 15, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after TCP Appropriate Byte Counting.
800062 | 187830 | January 28, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after removal of `minor()`, `minor2unit()`, `unit2minor()`, etc.
800063 | 188745 | February 18, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after GENERIC config change to use the USB2 stack, but also the addition of fdevname(3).
800064 | 188946 | February 23, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the USB2 stack is moved to and replaces dev/usb.
800065 | 189092 | February 26, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the renaming of all functions in libmp(3).
800066 | 189110 | February 27, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after changing USB devfs handling and layout.
800067 | 189136 | February 28, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding `getdelim()`, `getline()`, `stpncpy()`, `strnlen()`, `wcsnlen()`, `wcscasecmp()`, and `wcsncasecmp()`.
800068 | 189276 | March 2, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after renaming the ushub devclass to uhub.
800069 | 189585 | March 9, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after libusb20.so.1 was renamed to libusb.so.1.
800070 | 189592 | March 9, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after merging IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) to the IPv4 stack.
800071 | 189825 | March 14, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after gcc was patched to use C99 inline semantics in c99 and gnu99 mode.
800072 | 189853 | March 15, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the IFF_NEEDSGIANT flag has been removed; non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no longer supported.
800073 | 190265 | March 18, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the dynamic string token substitution has been implemented for rpath and needed paths.
800074 | 190373 | March 24, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after tcpdump 4.0.0 and libpcap 1.0.0 import.
800075 | 190787 | April 6, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after layout of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has been changed.
800076 | 190866 | April 9, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding delay profiles in dummynet.
800077 | 190914 | April 14, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after removing `VOP_LEASE()` and vop_vector.vop_lease.
800078 | 191080 | April 15, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after struct rt_weight fields have been added to struct rt_metrics and struct rt_metrics_lite, changing the layout of struct rt_metrics_lite. A bump to RTM_VERSION was made, but backed out.
800079 | 191117 | April 15, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after struct llentry pointers are added to struct route and struct route_in6.
800080 | 191126 | April 15, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after layout of struct inpcb has been changed.
800081 | 191267 | April 19, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the layout of struct malloc_type has been changed.
800082 | 191368 | April 21, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the layout of struct ifnet has changed, and with `if_ref()` and `if_rele()` ifnet refcounting.
800083 | 191389 | April 22, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the implementation of a low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
800084 | 191672 | April 29, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after IPv6 SSM and MLDv2 changes.
800085 | 191688 | April 30, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after enabling support for VIMAGE kernel builds with one active image.
800086 | 191910 | May 8, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding support for input lines of arbitrarily length in patch(1).
800087 | 191990 | May 11, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after some VFS KPI changes. The thread argument has been removed from the FSD parts of the VFS. `VFS_*` functions do not need the context any more because it always refers to `curthread`. In some special cases, the old behavior is retained.
800088 | 192470 | May 20, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after net80211 monitor mode changes.
800089 | 192649 | May 23, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding UDP control block support.
800090 | 192669 | May 23, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after virtualizing interface cloning.
800091 | 192895 | May 27, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding hierarchical jails and removing global securelevel.
800092 | 193011 | May 29, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after changing `sx_init_flags()` KPI. The `SX_ADAPTIVESPIN` is retired and a new `SX_NOADAPTIVE` flag is introduced to handle the reversed logic.
800093 | 193047 | May 29, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding mnt_xflag to struct mount.
800094 | 193093 | May 30, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after adding VOP_ACCESSX(9).
800095 | 193096 | May 30, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after changing the polling KPI. The polling handlers now return the number of packets processed. A new `IFCAP_POLLING_NOCOUNT` is also introduced to specify that the return value is not significant and the counting should be skipped.
800096 | 193219 | June 1, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after updating to the new netisr implementation and after changing the way we store and access FIBs.
800097 | 193731 | June 8, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the introduction of vnet destructor hooks and infrastructure.
(not changed) | 194012 | June 11, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the introduction of netgraph outbound to inbound path call detection and queuing, which also changed the layout of struct thread.
800098 | 194210 | June 14, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after OpenSSL 0.9.8k import.
800099 | 194675 | June 22, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after NGROUPS update and moving route virtualization into its own VImage module.
800100 | 194920 | June 24, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after SYSVIPC ABI change.
800101 | 195175 | June 29, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the removal of the /dev/net/* per-interface character devices.
800102 | 195634 | July 12, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after padding was added to struct sackhint, struct tcpcb, and struct tcpstat.
800103 | 195654 | July 13, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after replacing struct tcpopt with struct toeopt in the TOE driver interface to the TCP syncache.
800104 | 195699 | July 14, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after the addition of the linker-set based per-vnet allocator.
800105 | 195767 | July 19, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after version bump for all shared libraries that do not have symbol versioning turned on.
800106 | 195852 | July 24, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after introduction of OBJT_SG VM object type.
800107 | 196037 | August 2, 2009 | 8.0-CURRENT after making the newbus subsystem Giant free by adding the newbus sxlock and 8.0-RELEASE.
800108 | 199627 | November 21, 2009 | 8.0-STABLE after implementing EVFILT_USER kevent filter.
800500 | 201749 | January 7, 2010 | 8.0-STABLE after `__FreeBSD_version` bump to make `pkg_add -r` use packages-8-stable.
800501 | 202922 | January 24, 2010 | 8.0-STABLE after change of the scandir(3) and alphasort(3) prototypes to conform to SUSv4.
800502 | 203299 | January 31, 2010 | 8.0-STABLE after addition of sigpause(2).
800503 | 204344 | February 25, 2010 | 8.0-STABLE after addition of SIOCGIFDESCR and SIOCSIFDESCR ioctls to network interfaces. These ioctl can be used to manipulate interface description, as inspired by OpenBSD.
800504 | 204546 | March 1, 2010 | 8.0-STABLE after MFC of importing x86emu, a software emulator for real mode x86 CPU from OpenBSD.
800505 | 208259 | May 18, 2010 | 8.0-STABLE after MFC of adding liblzma, xz, xzdec, and lzmainfo.
801000 | 209150 | June 14, 2010 | 8.1-RELEASE
801500 | 209146 | June 14, 2010 | 8.1-STABLE after 8.1-RELEASE.
801501 | 214762 | November 3, 2010 | 8.1-STABLE after KBI change in struct sysentvec, and implementation of PL_FLAG_SCE/SCX/EXEC/SI and pl_siginfo for ptrace(PT_LWPINFO) .
802000 | 216639 | December 22, 2010 | 8.2-RELEASE
802500 | 216654 | December 22, 2010 | 8.2-STABLE after 8.2-RELEASE.
802501 | 219107 | February 28, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after merging DTrace changes, including support for userland tracing.
802502 | 219324 | March 6, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after merging log2 and log2f into libm.
802503 | 221275 | May 1, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after upgrade of the gcc to the last GPLv2 version from the FSF gcc-4_2-branch.
802504 | 222401 | May 28, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after introduction of the KPI and supporting infrastructure for modular congestion control.
802505 | 222406 | May 28, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after introduction of Hhook and Khelp KPIs.
802506 | 222408 | May 28, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after addition of OSD to struct tcpcb.
802507 | 222741 | June 6, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after ZFS v28 import.
802508 | 222846 | June 8, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after removal of the schedtail event handler and addition of the sv_schedtail method to struct sysvec.
802509 | 224017 | July 14, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after merging the SSSE3 support into binutils.
802510 | 224214 | July 19, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after addition of RFTSIGZMB flag for rfork(2).
802511 | 225458 | September 9, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after addition of automatic detection of USB mass storage devices which do not support the no synchronize cache SCSI command.
802512 | 225470 | September 10, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after merging of re-factoring of auto-quirk.
802513 | 226763 | October 25, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after merging of the MAP_PREFAULT_READ flag to mmap(2).
802514 | 227573 | November 16, 2011 | 8.2-STABLE after merging of addition of posix_fallocate(2) syscall.
802515 | 229725 | January 6, 2012 | 8.2-STABLE after merging of addition of the posix_fadvise(2) system call.
802516 | 230239 | January 16, 2012 | 8.2-STABLE after merging gperf 3.0.3
802517 | 231769 | February 15, 2012 | 8.2-STABLE after introduction of the new extensible sysctl(3) interface NET_RT_IFLISTL to query address lists.
803000 | 232446 | March 3, 2012 | 8.3-RELEASE.
803500 | 232439 | March 3, 2012 | 8.3-STABLE after branching releng/8.3 (RELENG_8_3).
803501 | 247091 | February 21, 2013 | 8.3-STABLE after MFC of two USB fixes (rev 246616 and 246759).
804000 | 248850 | March 28, 2013 | 8.4-RELEASE.
804500 | 248819 | March 28, 2013 | 8.4-STABLE after 8.4-RELEASE.
804501 | 259449 | December 16, 2013 | 8.4-STABLE after MFC of upstream Heimdal encoding fix.
804502 | 265123 | April 30, 2014 | 8.4-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:08.tcp.
804503 | 268444 | July 9, 2014 | 8.4-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:17.kmem.
804504 | 271341 | September 9, 2014 | 8.4-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:18 (rev 271305).
804505 | 271686 | September 16, 2014 | 8.4-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:19 (rev 271668).
804506 | 273432 | October 21, 2014 | 8.4-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:21 (rev 273413).
804507 | 274162 | November 4, 2014 | 8.4-STABLE after FreeBSD-SA-14:23, FreeBSD-SA-14:24, and FreeBSD-SA-14:25.
804508 | 279287 | February 25, 2015 | 8-STABLE after FreeBSD-EN-15:01.vt, FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl, FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update, FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp, and FreeBSD-SA-15:05.bind.
804509 | 305736 | September 12, 2016 | 8-STABLE after resolving a deadlock between `device_detach()` and usbd_do_request_flags(9).

### 18.8. FreeBSD 7 Versions

表 59. FreeBSD 7 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
700000 | 147925 | July 11, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT.
700001 | 148341 | July 23, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after bump of all shared library versions that had not been changed since RELENG_5.
700002 | 149039 | August 13, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after credential argument is added to dev_clone event handler.
700003 | 149470 | August 25, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after memmem(3) is added to libc.
700004 | 151888 | October 30, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after solisten(9) kernel arguments are modified to accept a backlog parameter.
700005 | 152296 | November 11, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after `IFP2ENADDR()` was changed to return a pointer to `IF_LLADDR()`.
700006 | 152315 | November 11, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after addition of `if_addr` member to `struct ifnet` and `IFP2ENADDR()` removal.
700007 | 153027 | December 2, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after incorporating scripts from the local_startup directories into the base rcorder(8).
700008 | 153107 | December 5, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after removal of MNT_NODEV mount option.
700009 | 153519 | December 19, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after ELF-64 type changes and symbol versioning.
700010 | 153579 | December 20, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after addition of hostb and vgapci drivers, addition of `pci_find_extcap()`, and changing the AGP drivers to no longer map the aperture.
700011 | 153936 | December 31, 2005 | 7.0-CURRENT after tv_sec was made time_t on all platforms but Alpha.
700012 | 154114 | January 8, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after ldconfig_local_dirs change.
700013 | 154269 | January 12, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after changes to /etc/rc.d/abi to support /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache being a symlink in a readonly filesystem.
700014 | 154863 | January 26, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after pts import.
700015 | 157144 | March 26, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after the introduction of version 2 of hwpmc(4)'s ABI.
700016 | 157962 | April 22, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after addition of fcloseall(3) to libc.
700017 | 158513 | May 13, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after removal of ip6fw.
700018 | 160386 | July 15, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after import of snd_emu10kx.
700019 | 160821 | July 29, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after import of OpenSSL 0.9.8b.
700020 | 161931 | September 3, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after addition of bus_dma_get_tag function
700021 | 162023 | September 4, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after libpcap 0.9.4 and tcpdump 3.9.4 import.
700022 | 162170 | September 9, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after dlsym change to look for a requested symbol both in specified dso and its implicit dependencies.
700023 | 162588 | September 23, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after adding new sound IOCTLs for the OSSv4 mixer API.
700024 | 162919 | September 28, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after import of OpenSSL 0.9.8d.
700025 | 164190 | November 11, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after the addition of libelf.
700026 | 164614 | November 26, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after major changes on sound sysctls.
700027 | 164770 | November 30, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after the addition of Wi-Spy quirk.
700028 | 165242 | December 15, 2006 | 7.0-CURRENT after the addition of sctp calls to libc
700029 | 166259 | January 26, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the GNU gzip(1) implementation was replaced with a BSD licensed version ported from NetBSD.
700030 | 166549 | February 7, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the removal of IPIP tunnel encapsulation (VIFF_TUNNEL) from the IPv4 multicast forwarding code.
700031 | 166907 | February 23, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the modification of `bus_setup_intr()` (newbus).
700032 | 167165 | March 2, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the inclusion of ipw(4) and iwi(4) firmware.
700033 | 167360 | March 9, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the inclusion of ncurses wide character support.
700034 | 167684 | March 19, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after changes to how `insmntque()`, `getnewvnode()`, and `vfs_hash_insert()` work.
700035 | 167906 | March 26, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after addition of a notify mechanism for CPU frequency changes.
700036 | 168413 | April 6, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after import of the ZFS filesystem.
700037 | 168504 | April 8, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after addition of CAM 'SG' peripheral device, which implements a subset of Linux SCSI SG passthrough device API.
700038 | 169151 | April 30, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after changing getenv(3), putenv(3), setenv(3) and unsetenv(3) to be POSIX conformant.
700039 | 169190 | May 1, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the changes in 700038 were backed out.
700040 | 169453 | May 10, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the addition of flopen(3) to libutil.
700041 | 169526 | May 13, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after enabling symbol versioning, and changing the default thread library to libthr.
700042 | 169758 | May 19, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the import of gcc 4.2.0.
700043 | 169830 | May 21, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after bump of all shared library versions that had not been changed since RELENG_6.
700044 | 170395 | June 7, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after changing the argument for `vn_open()`/`VOP_OPEN()` from file descriptor index to the struct file *.
700045 | 170510 | June 10, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after changing pam_nologin(8) to provide an account management function instead of an authentication function to the PAM framework.
700046 | 170530 | June 11, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after updated 802.11 wireless support.
700047 | 170579 | June 11, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after adding TCP LRO interface capabilities.
700048 | 170613 | June 12, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after RFC 3678 API support added to the IPv4 stack. Legacy RFC 1724 behavior of the IP_MULTICAST_IF ioctl has now been removed; 0.0.0.0/8 may no longer be used to specify an interface index. Use struct ipmreqn instead.
700049 | 171175 | July 3, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after importing pf from OpenBSD 4.1
(not changed) | 171167 |  | 7.0-CURRENT after adding IPv6 support for FAST_IPSEC, deleting KAME IPSEC, and renaming FAST_IPSEC to IPSEC.
700050 | 171195 | July 4, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after converting setenv/putenv/etc. calls from traditional BSD to POSIX.
700051 | 171211 | July 4, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after adding new mmap/lseek/etc syscalls.
700052 | 171275 | July 6, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after moving I4B headers to include/i4b.
700053 | 172394 | September 30, 2007 | 7.0-CURRENT after the addition of support for PCI domains
700054 | 172988 | October 25, 2007 | 7.0-STABLE after MFC of wide and single byte ctype separation.
700055 | 173104 | October 28, 2007 | 7.0-RELEASE, and 7.0-CURRENT after ABI backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs was MFCed, which required the ABI of the PCIOCGETCONF IOCTL to be broken again
700100 | 174864 | December 22, 2007 | 7.0-STABLE after 7.0-RELEASE
700101 | 176111 | February 8, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after the MFC of `m_collapse()`.
700102 | 177735 | March 30, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after the MFC of `kdb_enter_why()`.
700103 | 178061 | April 10, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after adding l_sysid to struct flock.
700104 | 178108 | April 11, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after the MFC of procstat(1).
700105 | 178120 | April 11, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after the MFC of umtx features.
700106 | 178225 | April 15, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after the MFC of write(2) support to psm(4).
700107 | 178353 | April 20, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after the MFC of F_DUP2FD command to fcntl(2).
700108 | 178783 | May 5, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after some lockmgr(9) changes, which makes it necessary to include sys/lock.h to use lockmgr(9).
700109 | 179367 | May 27, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after MFC of the memrchr(3) function.
700110 | 181328 | August 5, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after MFC of kernel NFS lockd client.
700111 | 181940 | August 20, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after addition of physically contiguous jumbo frame support.
700112 | 182294 | August 27, 2008 | 7.0-STABLE after MFC of kernel DTrace support.
701000 | 185315 | November 25, 2008 | 7.1-RELEASE
701100 | 185302 | November 25, 2008 | 7.1-STABLE after 7.1-RELEASE.
701101 | 187023 | January 10, 2009 | 7.1-STABLE after strndup(3) merge.
701102 | 187370 | January 17, 2009 | 7.1-STABLE after cpuctl(4) support added.
701103 | 188281 | February 7, 2009 | 7.1-STABLE after the merge of multi-/no-IPv4/v6 jails.
701104 | 188625 | February 14, 2009 | 7.1-STABLE after the store of the suspension owner in the struct mount, and introduction of vfs_susp_clean method into the struct vfsops.
701105 | 189740 | March 12, 2009 | 7.1-STABLE after the incompatible change to the kern.ipc.shmsegs sysctl to allow allocating larger SysV shared memory segments on 64bit architectures.
701106 | 189786 | March 14, 2009 | 7.1-STABLE after the merge of a fix for POSIX semaphore wait operations.
702000 | 191099 | April 15, 2009 | 7.2-RELEASE
702100 | 191091 | April 15, 2009 | 7.2-STABLE after 7.2-RELEASE.
702101 | 192149 | May 15, 2009 | 7.2-STABLE after ichsmb(4) was changed to use left-adjusted slave addressing to match other SMBus controller drivers.
702102 | 193020 | May 28, 2009 | 7.2-STABLE after MFC of the fdopendir(3) function.
702103 | 193638 | June 6, 2009 | 7.2-STABLE after MFC of PmcTools.
702104 | 195694 | July 14, 2009 | 7.2-STABLE after MFC of the closefrom(2) system call.
702105 | 196006 | July 31, 2009 | 7.2-STABLE after MFC of the SYSVIPC ABI change.
702106 | 197198 | September 14, 2009 | 7.2-STABLE after MFC of the x86 PAT enhancements and addition of `d_mmap_single()` and the scatter/gather list VM object type.
703000 | 203740 | February 9, 2010 | 7.3-RELEASE
703100 | 203742 | February 9, 2010 | 7.3-STABLE after 7.3-RELEASE.
704000 | 216647 | December 22, 2010 | 7.4-RELEASE
704100 | 216658 | December 22, 2010 | 7.4-STABLE after 7.4-RELEASE.
704101 | 221318 | May 2, 2011 | 7.4-STABLE after the gcc MFC in rev 221317.

### 18.9. FreeBSD 6 Versions

表 60. FreeBSD 6 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
600000 | 133921 | August 18, 2004 | 6.0-CURRENT
600001 | 134396 | August 27, 2004 | 6.0-CURRENT after permanently enabling PFIL_HOOKS in the kernel.
600002 | 134514 | August 30, 2004 | 6.0-CURRENT after initial addition of ifi_epoch to struct if_data. Backed out after a few days. Do not use this value.
600003 | 134933 | September 8, 2004 | 6.0-CURRENT after the re-addition of the ifi_epoch member of struct if_data.
600004 | 135920 | September 29, 2004 | 6.0-CURRENT after addition of the struct inpcb argument to the pfil API.
600005 | 136172 | October 5, 2004 | 6.0-CURRENT after addition of the "-d DESTDIR" argument to newsyslog.
600006 | 137192 | November 4, 2004 | 6.0-CURRENT after addition of glibc style strftime(3) padding options.
600007 | 138760 | December 12, 2004 | 6.0-CURRENT after addition of 802.11 framework updates.
600008 | 140809 | January 25, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after changes to `VOP_*VOBJECT()` functions and introduction of `MNTK_MPSAFE` flag for Giantfree filesystems.
600009 | 141250 | February 4, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after addition of the cpufreq framework and drivers.
600010 | 141394 | February 6, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after importing OpenBSD’s nc(1).
600011 | 141727 | February 12, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after removing semblance of SVID2 `matherr()` support.
600012 | 141940 | February 15, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after increase of default thread stacks' size.
600013 | 142089 | February 19, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after fixes in <src/include/stdbool.h> and <src/sys/i386/include/_types.h> for using the GCC-compatibility of the Intel C/C++ compiler.
600014 | 142184 | February 21, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after EOVERFLOW checks in vswprintf(3) fixed.
600015 | 142501 | February 25, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after changing the struct if_data member, ifi_epoch, from wall clock time to uptime.
600016 | 142582 | February 26, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after LC_CTYPE disk format changed.
600017 | 142683 | February 27, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after NLS catalogs disk format changed.
600018 | 142686 | February 27, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after LC_COLLATE disk format changed.
600019 | 142752 | February 28, 2005 | Installation of acpica includes into /usr/include.
600020 | 143308 | March 9, 2005 | Addition of MSG_NOSIGNAL flag to send(2) API.
600021 | 143746 | March 17, 2005 | Addition of fields to cdevsw
600022 | 143901 | March 21, 2005 | Removed gtar from base system.
600023 | 144980 | April 13, 2005 | LOCAL_CREDS, LOCAL_CONNWAIT socket options added to unix(4).
600024 | 145565 | April 19, 2005 | hwpmc(4) and related tools added to 6.0-CURRENT.
600025 | 145565 | April 26, 2005 | struct icmphdr added to 6.0-CURRENT.
600026 | 145843 | May 3, 2005 | pf updated to 3.7.
600027 | 145966 | May 6, 2005 | Kernel libalias and ng_nat introduced.
600028 | 146191 | May 13, 2005 | POSIX ttyname_r(3) made available through unistd.h and libc.
600029 | 146780 | May 29, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after libpcap updated to v0.9.1 alpha 096.
600030 | 146988 | June 5, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after importing NetBSD’s if_bridge(4).
600031 | 147256 | June 10, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after struct ifnet was broken out of the driver softcs.
600032 | 147898 | July 11, 2005 | 6.0-CURRENT after the import of libpcap v0.9.1.
600033 | 148388 | July 25, 2005 | 6.0-STABLE after bump of all shared library versions that had not been changed since RELENG_5.
600034 | 149040 | August 13, 2005 | 6.0-STABLE after credential argument is added to dev_clone event handler. 6.0-RELEASE.
600100 | 151958 | November 1, 2005 | 6.0-STABLE after 6.0-RELEASE
600101 | 153601 | December 21, 2005 | 6.0-STABLE after incorporating scripts from the local_startup directories into the base rcorder(8).
600102 | 153912 | December 30, 2005 | 6.0-STABLE after updating the ELF types and constants.
600103 | 154396 | January 15, 2006 | 6.0-STABLE after MFC of pidfile(3) API.
600104 | 154453 | January 17, 2006 | 6.0-STABLE after MFC of ldconfig_local_dirs change.
600105 | 156019 | February 26, 2006 | 6.0-STABLE after NLS catalog support of csh(1).
601000 | 158330 | May 6, 2006 | 6.1-RELEASE
601100 | 158331 | May 6, 2006 | 6.1-STABLE after 6.1-RELEASE.
601101 | 159861 | June 22, 2006 | 6.1-STABLE after the import of csup.
601102 | 160253 | July 11, 2006 | 6.1-STABLE after the iwi(4) update.
601103 | 160429 | July 17, 2006 | 6.1-STABLE after the resolver update to BIND9, and exposure of reentrant version of netdb functions.
601104 | 161098 | August 8, 2006 | 6.1-STABLE after DSO (dynamic shared objects) support has been enabled in OpenSSL.
601105 | 161900 | September 2, 2006 | 6.1-STABLE after 802.11 fixups changed the api for the IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO ioctl.
602000 | 164312 | November 15, 2006 | 6.2-RELEASE
602100 | 162329 | September 15, 2006 | 6.2-STABLE after 6.2-RELEASE.
602101 | 165122 | December 12, 2006 | 6.2-STABLE after the addition of Wi-Spy quirk.
602102 | 165596 | December 28, 2006 | 6.2-STABLE after `pci_find_extcap()` addition.
602103 | 166039 | January 16, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of dlsym change to look for a requested symbol both in specified dso and its implicit dependencies.
602104 | 166314 | January 28, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of ng_deflate(4) and ng_pred1(4) netgraph nodes and new compression and encryption modes for ng_ppp(4) node.
602105 | 166840 | February 20, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of BSD licensed version of gzip(1) ported from NetBSD.
602106 | 168133 | March 31, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of PCI MSI and MSI-X support.
602107 | 168438 | April 6, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of ncurses 5.6 and wide character support.
602108 | 168611 | April 11, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of CAM 'SG' peripheral device, which implements a subset of Linux SCSI SG passthrough device API.
602109 | 168805 | April 17, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of readline 5.2 patchset 002.
602110 | 169222 | May 2, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of `pmap_invalidate_cache()`, `pmap_change_attr()`, `pmap_mapbios()`, `pmap_mapdev_attr()`, and `pmap_unmapbios()` for amd64 and i386.
602111 | 170556 | June 11, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of BOP_BDFLUSH and caused breakage of the filesystem modules KBI.
602112 | 172284 | September 21, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after libutil(3) MFC’s.
602113 | 172986 | October 25, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after MFC of wide and single byte ctype separation. Newly compiled binary that references to ctype.h may require a new symbol, __mb_sb_limit, which is not available on older systems.
602114 | 173170 | October 30, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after ctype ABI forward compatibility restored.
602115 | 173794 | November 21, 2007 | 6.2-STABLE after back out of wide and single byte ctype separation.
603000 | 173897 | November 25, 2007 | 6.3-RELEASE
603100 | 173891 | November 25, 2007 | 6.3-STABLE after 6.3-RELEASE.
(not changed) | 174434 | December 7, 2007 | 6.3-STABLE after fixing multibyte type support in bit macro.
603102 | 178459 | April 24, 2008 | 6.3-STABLE after adding l_sysid to struct flock.
603103 | 179367 | May 27, 2008 | 6.3-STABLE after MFC of the memrchr(3) function.
603104 | 179810 | June 15, 2008 | 6.3-STABLE after MFC of support for `:u` variable modifier in make(1).
604000 | 183583 | October 4, 2008 | 6.4-RELEASE
604100 | 183584 | October 4, 2008 | 6.4-STABLE after 6.4-RELEASE.

### 18.10. FreeBSD 5 Versions

表 61. FreeBSD 5 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
500000 | 58009 | March 13, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT
500001 | 59348 | April 18, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after adding addition ELF header fields, and changing our ELF binary branding method.
500002 | 59906 | May 2, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after kld metadata changes.
500003 | 60688 | May 18, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after buf/bio changes.
500004 | 60936 | May 26, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after binutils upgrade.
500005 | 61221 | June 3, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after merging libxpg4 code into libc and after TASKQ interface introduction.
500006 | 61500 | June 10, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after the addition of AGP interfaces.
500007 | 62235 | June 29, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after Perl upgrade to 5.6.0
500008 | 62764 | July 7, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after the update of KAME code to 2000/07 sources.
500009 | 63154 | July 14, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after `ether_ifattach()` and `ether_ifdetach()` changes.
500010 | 63265 | July 16, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after changing mtree defaults back to original variant, adding -L to follow symlinks.
500011 | 63459 | July 18, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after kqueue API changed.
500012 | 65353 | September 2, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after setproctitle(3) moved from libutil to libc.
500013 | 65671 | September 10, 2000 | 5.0-CURRENT after the first SMPng commit.
500014 | 70650 | January 4, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after <sys/select.h> moved to <sys/selinfo.h>.
500015 | 70894 | January 10, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after combining libgcc.a and libgcc_r.a, and associated GCC linkage changes.
500016 | 71583 | January 24, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after change allowing libc and libc_r to be linked together, deprecating -pthread option.
500017 | 72650 | February 18, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after switch from struct ucred to struct xucred to stabilize kernel-exported API for mountd et al.
500018 | 72975 | February 24, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after addition of CPUTYPE make variable for controlling CPU-specific optimizations.
500019 | 77937 | June 9, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after moving machine/ioctl_fd.h to sys/fdcio.h
500020 | 78304 | June 15, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after locale names renaming.
500021 | 78632 | June 22, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after Bzip2 import. Also signifies removal of S/Key.
500022 | 83435 | July 12, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after SSE support.
500023 | 83435 | September 14, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after KSE Milestone 2.
500024 | 84324 | October 1, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after d_thread_t, and moving UUCP to ports.
500025 | 84481 | October 4, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after ABI change for descriptor and creds passing on 64 bit platforms.
500026 | 84710 | October 9, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after moving to XFree86 4 by default for package builds, and after the new libc `strnstr()` function was added.
500027 | 84743 | October 10, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after the new libc `strcasestr()` function was added.
500028 | 87879 | December 14, 2001 | 5.0-CURRENT after the userland components of smbfs were imported.
(not changed) |  |  | 5.0-CURRENT after the new C99 specific-width integer types were added.
500029 | 89938 | January 29, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after a change was made in the return value of sendfile(2).
500030 | 90711 | February 15, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after the introduction of the type `fflags_t`, which is the appropriate size for file flags.
500031 | 91203 | February 24, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after the usb structure element rename.
500032 | 92453 | March 16, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after the introduction of Perl 5.6.1.
500033 | 93722 | April 3, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after the `sendmail_enable` rc.conf(5) variable was made to take the value `NONE`.
500034 | 95831 | April 30, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after `mtx_init()` grew a third argument.
500035 | 96498 | May 13, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT with Gcc 3.1.
500036 | 96781 | May 17, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT without Perl in /usr/src
500037 | 97516 | May 29, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after the addition of dlfunc(3)
500038 | 100591 | July 24, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after the types of some struct sockbuf members were changed and the structure was reordered.
500039 | 102757 | September 1, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after GCC 3.2.1 import. Also after headers stopped using BSD_FOO_T and started using _FOO_T_DECLARED. This value can also be used as a conservative estimate of the start of bzip2(1) package support.
500040 | 103675 | September 20, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after various changes to disk functions were made in the name of removing dependency on disklabel structure internals.
500041 | 104250 | October 1, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after the addition of getopt_long(3) to libc.
500042 | 105178 | October 15, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after Binutils 2.13 upgrade, which included new FreeBSD emulation, vec, and output format.
500043 | 106289 | November 1, 2002 | 5.0-CURRENT after adding weak pthread_XXX stubs to libc, obsoleting libXThrStub.so. 5.0-RELEASE.
500100 | 109405 | January 17, 2003 | 5.0-CURRENT after branching for RELENG_5_0
500101 | 111120 | February 19, 2003 | <sys/dkstat.h> is empty. Do not include it.
500102 | 111482 | February 25, 2003 | 5.0-CURRENT after the d_mmap_t interface change.
500103 | 111540 | February 26, 2003 | 5.0-CURRENT after taskqueue_swi changed to run without Giant, and taskqueue_swi_giant added to run with Giant.
500104 | 111600 | February 27, 2003 | `cdevsw_add()` and `cdevsw_remove()` no longer exists. Appearance of `MAJOR_AUTO` allocation facility.
500105 | 111864 | March 4, 2003 | 5.0-CURRENT after new cdevsw initialization method.
500106 | 112007 | March 8, 2003 | `devstat_add_entry()` has been replaced by `devstat_new_entry()`
500107 | 112288 | March 15, 2003 | Devstat interface change; see sys/sys/param.h 1.149
500108 | 112300 | March 15, 2003 | Token-Ring interface changes.
500109 | 112571 | March 25, 2003 | Addition of vm_paddr_t.
500110 | 112741 | March 28, 2003 | 5.0-CURRENT after realpath(3) has been made thread-safe
500111 | 113273 | April 9, 2003 | 5.0-CURRENT after usbhid(3) has been synced with NetBSD
500112 | 113597 | April 17, 2003 | 5.0-CURRENT after new NSS implementation and addition of POSIX.1 getpw*_r, getgr*_r functions
500113 | 114492 | May 2, 2003 | 5.0-CURRENT after removal of the old rc system.
501000 | 115816 | June 4, 2003 | 5.1-RELEASE.
501100 | 115710 | June 2, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after branching for RELENG_5_1.
501101 | 117025 | June 29, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after correcting the semantics of sigtimedwait(2) and sigwaitinfo(2).
501102 | 117191 | July 3, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after adding the lockfunc and lockfuncarg fields to bus_dma_tag_create(9).
501103 | 118241 | July 31, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after GCC 3.3.1-pre 20030711 snapshot integration.
501104 | 118511 | August 5, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT 3ware API changes to twe.
501105 | 119021 | August 17, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT dynamically-linked /bin and /sbin support and movement of libraries to /lib.
501106 | 119881 | September 8, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after adding kernel support for Coda 6.x.
501107 | 120180 | September 17, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after 16550 UART constants moved from <dev/sio/sioreg.h> to <dev/ic/ns16550.h>. Also when libmap functionality was unconditionally supported by rtld.
501108 | 120386 | September 23, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after PFIL_HOOKS API update
501109 | 120503 | September 27, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after adding kiconv(3)
501110 | 120556 | September 28, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after changing default operations for open and close in cdevsw
501111 | 121125 | October 16, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after changed layout of cdevsw
501112 | 121129 | October 16, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after adding kobj multiple inheritance
501113 | 121816 | October 31, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after the if_xname change in struct ifnet
501114 | 122779 | November 16, 2003 | 5.1-CURRENT after changing /bin and /sbin to be dynamically linked
502000 | 123198 | December 7, 2003 | 5.2-RELEASE
502010 | 126150 | February 23, 2004 | 5.2.1-RELEASE
502100 | 123196 | December 7, 2003 | 5.2-CURRENT after branching for RELENG_5_2
502101 | 123677 | December 19, 2003 | 5.2-CURRENT after cxa_atexit/cxa_finalize functions were added to libc.
502102 | 125236 | January 30, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after change of default thread library from libc_r to libpthread.
502103 | 126083 | February 21, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after device driver API megapatch.
502104 | 126208 | February 25, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after `getopt_long_only()` addition.
502105 | 126644 | March 5, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after NULL is made into ((void *)0) for C, creating more warnings.
502106 | 126757 | March 8, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after pf is linked to the build and install.
502107 | 126819 | March 10, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after time_t is changed to a 64-bit value on sparc64.
502108 | 126891 | March 12, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after Intel C/C++ compiler support in some headers and execve(2) changes to be more strictly conforming to POSIX.
502109 | 127312 | March 22, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the introduction of the bus_alloc_resource_any API
502110 | 127475 | March 27, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the addition of UTF-8 locales
502111 | 128144 | April 11, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the removal of the getvfsent(3) API
502112 | 128182 | April 13, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the addition of the .warning directive for make.
502113 | 130057 | June 4, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after `ttyioctl()` was made mandatory for serial drivers.
502114 | 130418 | June 13, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after import of the ALTQ framework.
502115 | 130481 | June 14, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after changing sema_timedwait(9) to return 0 on success and a non-zero error code on failure.
502116 | 130585 | June 16, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after changing kernel dev_t to be pointer to struct cdev *.
502117 | 130640 | June 17, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after changing kernel udev_t to dev_t.
502118 | 130656 | June 17, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after adding support for CLOCK_VIRTUAL and CLOCK_PROF to clock_gettime(2) and clock_getres(2).
502119 | 130934 | June 22, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after changing network interface cloning overhaul.
502120 | 131429 | July 2, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the update of the package tools to revision 20040629.
502121 | 131883 | July 9, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after marking Bluetooth code as non-i386 specific.
502122 | 131971 | July 11, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the introduction of the KDB debugger framework, the conversion of DDB into a backend and the introduction of the GDB backend.
502123 | 132025 | July 12, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after change to make VFS_ROOT take a struct thread argument as does vflush. Struct kinfo_proc now has a user data pointer. The switch of the default X implementation to `xorg` was also made at this time.
502124 | 132597 | July 24, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the change to separate the way ports rc.d and legacy scripts are started.
502125 | 132726 | July 28, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the backout of the previous change.
502126 | 132914 | July 31, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the removal of `kmem_alloc_pageable()` and the import of gcc 3.4.2.
502127 | 132991 | August 2, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after changing the UMA kernel API to allow ctors/inits to fail.
502128 | 133306 | August 8, 2004 | 5.2-CURRENT after the change of the vfs_mount signature as well as global replacement of PRISON_ROOT with SUSER_ALLOWJAIL for the suser(9) API.
503000 | 134189 | August 23, 2004 | 5.3-BETA/RC before the pfil API change
503001 | 135580 | September 22, 2004 | 5.3-RELEASE
503100 | 136595 | October 16, 2004 | 5.3-STABLE after branching for RELENG_5_3
503101 | 138459 | December 3, 2004 | 5.3-STABLE after addition of glibc style strftime(3) padding options.
503102 | 141788 | February 13, 2005 | 5.3-STABLE after OpenBSD’s nc(1) import MFC.
503103 | 142639 | February 27, 2005 | 5.4-PRERELEASE after the MFC of the fixes in <src/include/stdbool.h> and <src/sys/i386/include/_types.h> for using the GCC-compatibility of the Intel C/C++ compiler.
503104 | 142835 | February 28, 2005 | 5.4-PRERELEASE after the MFC of the change of ifi_epoch from wall clock time to uptime.
503105 | 143029 | March 2, 2005 | 5.4-PRERELEASE after the MFC of the fix of EOVERFLOW check in vswprintf(3).
504000 | 144575 | April 3, 2005 | 5.4-RELEASE.
504100 | 144581 | April 3, 2005 | 5.4-STABLE after branching for RELENG_5_4
504101 | 146105 | May 11, 2005 | 5.4-STABLE after increasing the default thread stacksizes
504102 | 504101 | June 24, 2005 | 5.4-STABLE after the addition of sha256
504103 | 150892 | October 3, 2005 | 5.4-STABLE after the MFC of if_bridge
504104 | 152370 | November 13, 2005 | 5.4-STABLE after the MFC of bsdiff and portsnap
504105 | 154464 | January 17, 2006 | 5.4-STABLE after MFC of ldconfig_local_dirs change.
505000 | 158481 | May 12, 2006 | 5.5-RELEASE.
505100 | 158482 | May 12, 2006 | 5.5-STABLE after branching for RELENG_5_5

### 18.11. FreeBSD 4 Versions

表 62. FreeBSD 4 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
400000 | 43041 | January 22, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after 3.4 branch
400001 | 44177 | February 20, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after change in dynamic linker handling
400002 | 44699 | March 13, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after C++ constructor/destructor order change
400003 | 45059 | March 27, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after functioning dladdr(3)
400004 | 45321 | April 5, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after __deregister_frame_info dynamic linker bug fix (also 4.0-CURRENT after EGCS 1.1.2 integration)
400005 | 46113 | April 27, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after suser(9) API change (also 4.0-CURRENT after newbus)
400006 | 47640 | May 31, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after cdevsw registration change
400007 | 47992 | June 17, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after the addition of so_cred for socket level credentials
400008 | 48048 | June 20, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after the addition of a poll syscall wrapper to libc_r
400009 | 48936 | July 20, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after the change of the kernel’s `dev_t` type to `struct specinfo` pointer
400010 | 51649 | September 25, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after fixing a hole in jail(2)
400011 | 51791 | September 29, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after the `sigset_t` datatype change
400012 | 53164 | November 15, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after the cutover to the GCC 2.95.2 compiler
400013 | 54123 | December 4, 1999 | 4.0-CURRENT after adding pluggable linux-mode ioctl handlers
400014 | 56216 | January 18, 2000 | 4.0-CURRENT after importing OpenSSL
400015 | 56700 | January 27, 2000 | 4.0-CURRENT after the C++ ABI change in GCC 2.95.2 from -fvtable-thunks to -fno-vtable-thunks by default
400016 | 57529 | February 27, 2000 | 4.0-CURRENT after importing OpenSSH
400017 | 58005 | March 13, 2000 | 4.0-RELEASE
400018 | 58170 | March 17, 2000 | 4.0-STABLE after 4.0-RELEASE
400019 | 60047 | May 5, 2000 | 4.0-STABLE after the introduction of delayed checksums.
400020 | 61262 | June 4, 2000 | 4.0-STABLE after merging libxpg4 code into libc.
400021 | 62820 | July 8, 2000 | 4.0-STABLE after upgrading Binutils to 2.10.0, ELF branding changes, and tcsh in the base system.
410000 | 63095 | July 14, 2000 | 4.1-RELEASE
410001 | 64012 | July 29, 2000 | 4.1-STABLE after 4.1-RELEASE
410002 | 65962 | September 16, 2000 | 4.1-STABLE after setproctitle(3) moved from libutil to libc.
411000 | 66336 | September 25, 2000 | 4.1.1-RELEASE
411001 |  |  | 4.1.1-STABLE after 4.1.1-RELEASE
420000 | 68066 | October 31, 2000 | 4.2-RELEASE
420001 | 70895 | January 10, 2001 | 4.2-STABLE after combining libgcc.a and libgcc_r.a, and associated GCC linkage changes.
430000 | 73800 | March 6, 2001 | 4.3-RELEASE
430001 | 76779 | May 18, 2001 | 4.3-STABLE after wint_t introduction.
430002 | 80157 | July 22, 2001 | 4.3-STABLE after PCI powerstate API merge.
440000 | 80923 | August 1, 2001 | 4.4-RELEASE
440001 | 85341 | October 23, 2001 | 4.4-STABLE after d_thread_t introduction.
440002 | 86038 | November 4, 2001 | 4.4-STABLE after mount structure changes (affects filesystem klds).
440003 | 88130 | December 18, 2001 | 4.4-STABLE after the userland components of smbfs were imported.
450000 | 88271 | December 20, 2001 | 4.5-RELEASE
450001 | 91203 | February 24, 2002 | 4.5-STABLE after the usb structure element rename.
450002 | 92151 | March 12, 2002 | 4.5-STABLE after locale changes.
450003 |  |  | (Never created)
450004 | 94840 | April 16, 2002 | 4.5-STABLE after the `sendmail_enable` rc.conf(5) variable was made to take the value `NONE`.
450005 | 95555 | April 27, 2002 | 4.5-STABLE after moving to XFree86 4 by default for package builds.
450006 | 95846 | May 1, 2002 | 4.5-STABLE after accept filtering was fixed so that is no longer susceptible to an easy DoS.
460000 | 97923 | June 21, 2002 | 4.6-RELEASE
460001 | 98730 | June 21, 2002 | 4.6-STABLE sendfile(2) fixed to comply with documentation, not to count any headers sent against the amount of data to be sent from the file.
460002 | 100366 | July 19, 2002 | 4.6.2-RELEASE
460100 | 98857 | June 26, 2002 | 4.6-STABLE
460101 | 98880 | June 26, 2002 | 4.6-STABLE after MFC of `sed -i`.
460102 | 102759 | September 1, 2002 | 4.6-STABLE after MFC of many new pkg_install features from the HEAD.
470000 | 104655 | October 8, 2002 | 4.7-RELEASE
470100 | 104717 | October 9, 2002 | 4.7-STABLE
470101 | 106732 | November 10, 2002 | Start generated std{in,out,err}p references rather than sF. This changes std{in,out,err} from a compile time expression to a runtime one.
470102 | 109753 | January 23, 2003 | 4.7-STABLE after MFC of mbuf changes to replace m_aux mbufs by m_tag’s
470103 | 110887 | February 14, 2003 | 4.7-STABLE gets OpenSSL 0.9.7
480000 | 112852 | March 30, 2003 | 4.8-RELEASE
480100 | 113107 | April 5, 2003 | 4.8-STABLE
480101 | 115232 | May 22, 2003 | 4.8-STABLE after realpath(3) has been made thread-safe
480102 | 118737 | August 10, 2003 | 4.8-STABLE 3ware API changes to twe.
490000 | 121592 | October 27, 2003 | 4.9-RELEASE
490100 | 121593 | October 27, 2003 | 4.9-STABLE
490101 | 124264 | January 8, 2004 | 4.9-STABLE after e_sid was added to struct kinfo_eproc.
490102 | 125417 | February 4, 2004 | 4.9-STABLE after MFC of libmap functionality for rtld.
491000 | 129700 | May 25, 2004 | 4.10-RELEASE
491100 | 129918 | June 1, 2004 | 4.10-STABLE
491101 | 133506 | August 11, 2004 | 4.10-STABLE after MFC of revision 20040629 of the package tools
491102 | 137786 | November 16, 2004 | 4.10-STABLE after VM fix dealing with unwiring of fictitious pages
492000 | 138960 | December 17, 2004 | 4.11-RELEASE
492100 | 138959 | December 17, 2004 | 4.11-STABLE
492101 | 157843 | April 18, 2006 | 4.11-STABLE after adding libdata/ldconfig directories to mtree files.

### 18.12. FreeBSD 3 Versions

表 63. FreeBSD 3 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
300000 | 22917 | February 19, 1996 | 3.0-CURRENT before mount(2) change
300001 | 36283 | September 24, 1997 | 3.0-CURRENT after mount(2) change
300002 | 36592 | June 2, 1998 | 3.0-CURRENT after semctl(2) change
300003 | 36735 | June 7, 1998 | 3.0-CURRENT after ioctl arg changes
300004 | 38768 | September 3, 1998 | 3.0-CURRENT after ELF conversion
300005 | 40438 | October 16, 1998 | 3.0-RELEASE
300006 | 40445 | October 16, 1998 | 3.0-CURRENT after 3.0-RELEASE
300007 | 43042 | January 22, 1999 | 3.0-STABLE after 3/4 branch
310000 | 43807 | February 9, 1999 | 3.1-RELEASE
310001 | 45060 | March 27, 1999 | 3.1-STABLE after 3.1-RELEASE
310002 | 45689 | April 14, 1999 | 3.1-STABLE after C++ constructor/destructor order change
320000 |  |  | 3.2-RELEASE
320001 | 46742 | May 8, 1999 | 3.2-STABLE
320002 | 50563 | August 29, 1999 | 3.2-STABLE after binary-incompatible IPFW and socket changes
330000 | 50813 | September 2, 1999 | 3.3-RELEASE
330001 | 51328 | September 16, 1999 | 3.3-STABLE
330002 | 53671 | November 24, 1999 | 3.3-STABLE after adding mkstemp(3) to libc
340000 | 54166 | December 5, 1999 | 3.4-RELEASE
340001 | 54730 | December 17, 1999 | 3.4-STABLE
350000 | 61876 | June 20, 2000 | 3.5-RELEASE
350001 | 63043 | July 12, 2000 | 3.5-STABLE

### 18.13. FreeBSD 2.2 Versions

表 64. FreeBSD 2.2 `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
220000 | 22918 | February 19, 1997 | 2.2-RELEASE
(not changed) |  |  | 2.2.1-RELEASE
(not changed) |  |  | 2.2-STABLE after 2.2.1-RELEASE
221001 | 24941 | April 15, 1997 | 2.2-STABLE after texinfo-3.9
221002 | 25325 | April 30, 1997 | 2.2-STABLE after top
222000 | 25851 | May 16, 1997 | 2.2.2-RELEASE
222001 | 25921 | May 19, 1997 | 2.2-STABLE after 2.2.2-RELEASE
225000 | 30053 | October 2, 1997 | 2.2.5-RELEASE
225001 | 31300 | November 20, 1997 | 2.2-STABLE after 2.2.5-RELEASE
225002 | 32019 | December 27, 1997 | 2.2-STABLE after ldconfig -R merge
226000 | 34445 | March 24, 1998 | 2.2.6-RELEASE
227000 | 37803 | July 21, 1998 | 2.2.7-RELEASE
227001 | 37809 | July 21, 1998 | 2.2-STABLE after 2.2.7-RELEASE
227002 | 39489 | September 19, 1998 | 2.2-STABLE after semctl(2) change
228000 | 41403 | November 29, 1998 | 2.2.8-RELEASE
228001 | 41418 | November 29, 1998 | 2.2-STABLE after 2.2.8-RELEASE

| Note that 2.2-STABLE sometimes identifies itself as "2.2.5-STABLE" after the 2.2.5-RELEASE. The pattern used to be year followed by the month, but we decided to change it to a more straightforward major/minor system starting from 2.2. This is because the parallel development on several branches made it infeasible to classify the releases merely by their real release dates. Do not worry about old -CURRENTs; they are listed here just for reference.

### 18.14. FreeBSD 2 Before 2.2-RELEASE Versions

表 65. FreeBSD 2 Before 2.2-RELEASE `__FreeBSD_version` Values
Value | Revision | Date | Release
--- | --- | --- | ---
119411 |  |  | 2.0-RELEASE
199501 | 7153 | March 19, 1995 | 2.1-CURRENT
199503 | 7310 | March 24, 1995 | 2.1-CURRENT
199504 | 7704 | April 9, 1995 | 2.0.5-RELEASE
199508 | 10297 | August 26, 1995 | 2.2-CURRENT before 2.1
199511 | 12189 | November 10, 1995 | 2.1.0-RELEASE
199512 | 12196 | November 10, 1995 | 2.2-CURRENT before 2.1.5
199607 | 17067 | July 10, 1996 | 2.1.5-RELEASE
199608 | 17127 | July 12, 1996 | 2.2-CURRENT before 2.1.6
199612 | 19358 | November 15, 1996 | 2.1.6-RELEASE
199612 |  |  | 2.1.7-RELEASE

最後修改於: December 11, 2021 由 Sergio Carlavilla Delgado

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